Synthesis of Spiro1,4–Dihydropyridines: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 324-343
Author(s):  
Zahra Sadri ◽  
Farahnaz K. Behbahani

The preparation of medicinally promising spiro1,4–dihydropyridines accompanied by their applications in biological and pharmaceutical activities is presented. Spiro1,4–dihydropyridines were synthesized using numerous reported methods including bronested acids such as p-TSA, AcOH, nano-ranged calix[4]arene tetracarboxylic acid, sulfamic acid, PEG-OSO3H, tetramethylguanidinium triflate; lewis acids including Zn(OTf)2, FeCl3, copper, alum, aluminosilicate nanoparticles, MnFe2O4 nanoparticles, manganese ferrite nanoparticles, BF3OEt2; under alkaline conditions such as Et3N and piperidine; ionic liquids such as [KAl(SO4)2·12H2O] and [Bmim]PF6, [MIM(CH2)4SO3H][HSO4]; and other miscellaneous procedures, for example, microwave-assisted catalyst and solvent-free conditions, using iodine, PEG-400, and NaCl.

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Sadang Husain ◽  
Muhammad Irfansyah ◽  
Agus Riyanto ◽  
Sugianto Arjo

Synthesis and characterization of the electrochemical properties of manganese ferrite nanoparticles (\ce {MnFe2O4}) from iron ore have been done. The aim of this research was to determine the potential of iron ore as a source for the manufacture of \ce {MnFe2O4} and to know electrochemical characterization. The precipitation method was used in this research. Iron ore samples were taken from Tanah Laut Regency, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. The sample of iron ore was purified first to synthesis MnFe2O4 nanoparticle. Manganese salt \ce {MnCl2} is used as a source of manganese. Characterization of samples use TEM and potentiostat. Glucose oxidase (GOD) is used as a sample to be given electrochemical properties of the sample. The GOD concentration used is 0.2; 0.4; 0.6; and 0.8 ppm. The range of \ce {MnFe2O4} nanoparticles was successfully made with sample diameters ranging from 1.5 to 12.5 nm. The current values ​​obtained on \ce {MnFe2O4} nanoparticles range from $0.226 - 0.322$ mA. The sensitivity of \ce {MnFe2O4} nanoparticles is around 0.16 mA/ppm. The higher the concentration used, the greater the current produced.


2021 ◽  
pp. 2101019
Author(s):  
Sandra Díez‐Villares ◽  
Miguel A. Ramos‐Docampo ◽  
Andrés da Silva‐Candal ◽  
Pablo Hervella ◽  
Abi J. Vázquez‐Ríos ◽  
...  

ChemInform ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (32) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Adib ◽  
Amin Haghighat Jahromi ◽  
Narjes Tavoosi ◽  
Mohammad Mahdavi ◽  
Hamid Reza Bijanzadeh

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Valiey ◽  
Mohammad G. Dekamin ◽  
Zahra Alirezvani

AbstractThis study introduces a practical approach to fabricate a novel hybrid acidic catalyst, namely sulfamic acid pyromellitic diamide-functionalized MCM-41 (MCM-41-APS-PMDA-NHSO3H). Various techniques such as FTIR, TGA, XRD, BET, FESEM, and EDX were used to confirm its structural characteristics. The efficiency of the new MCM-41-APS-PMDA-NHSO3H organosilica nanomaterials, as a heterogenous nanocatalyst, was examined in the synthesis of biologically active 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-one derivatives under solvent-free conditions. It was found that the nanoporous MCM-41-APS-PMDA-NHSO3H, demonstrating acidic nature and high surface area, can activate all the Biginelli reaction components to afford desired 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones under solvent-free conditions in short reaction time. Furthermore, easy and quick isolation of the new introduced hybrid organosilica from the reaction mixture as well as its reusability with negligible loss of activity in at least five consecutive runs are another advantages of this green protocol.


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