Benzimidazole as Ubiquitous Structural Fragment : An Update on Development of its Green Synthetic Approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Patel ◽  
Drashti Shah ◽  
Naiya Patel ◽  
Khushbu Patel ◽  
Nidhi Soni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Aromatic Aldehydes ◽  
Ultrasound Irradiation ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Benzimidazole Derivatives ◽  
Structural Fragment ◽  
Short Period

Abstract: The benzimidazole and its derivatives are privileged heterocyclic motif and important building block for the development of the biologically active compound. However, several research reports are produced in a short period of time due to the rapid production of new drugs having a benzimidazole nucleus. In order to understand the current status of the benzimidazole nucleus in medicinal chemistry science, it is therefore important to combine the latest knowledge with earlier information. Hence, synthetic organic chemists concentrated on inventing an effective green methodology for synthesizing benzimidazole derivatives. In addition to this, non-degradable chemical compounds cause the ecosystem to become fragile, damage or irritation as contaminants and pose a danger to the environment. However, conventional methods of synthesis need longer heating time, complicated and tedious apparatus set up which result in high cost and pollution in contrast to greener methods which are inexpensive. In the present review, therefore, we have attempted to shed light on various synthetic strategies leading to the synthesis of different benzimidazole derivatives through the direct condensation reaction between o-phenylenediamine and aromatic aldehydes using green chemistry approaches such as mechanochemistry, ultrasound irradiation, microwave irradiation, environmentally benign solvents/catalysts, reactant immobilized on a solid support and blue light irradiation.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Some New Benzimidazole Derivatives

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Mannich Base ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Aromatic Aldehydes ◽  
Secondary Amines ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Benzimidazole Derivatives ◽  
Schiff Base Derivatives ◽  
New Compounds

In this paper the new starting material 2-(5-chloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-yl) aniline (1) was synthesized by the condensation reaction of 4-chloro-o-phenylenediamine and anthranilic acid .The new Mannich base derivatives were synthesized using formaldehyde and different secondary amines to synthesize a new set of benzimidazole derivatives(2-5). Also, the new Schiff-base derivatives (6-10) were synthesized from the reaction of compound (1) with various aromatic aldehydes and the closure-ring was done successfully using mercapto acetic acid to get the new thiazolidine derivatives(11-12).These new compounds were characterized using some physical techniques like:FT-IR Spectra and 1HNMR Spectra.

scholarly journals Biomarkers of Joint Damage in Osteoarthritis: Current Status and Future Directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Rajkamal Kumavat ◽  
Vijay Kumar ◽  
Rajesh Malhotra ◽  
Hemant Pandit ◽  
Elena Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Progression ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Biological Fluid ◽  
Joint Damage ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Short Period

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease of the whole joint organ, characterized by the loss of cartilage, and structural changes in bone including the formation of osteophytes, causing disability and loss of function. It is also associated with systemic mediators and low-grade inflammation. Currently, there is negligible/no availability of specific biomarkers that can be used to facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of OA. The most unmet clinical need is, however, related to the monitoring of disease progression over a short period that can be used in clinical trials. In this review, the value of biomarkers identified over the past decade has been highlighted. These biomarkers are associated with the synthesis and breakdown of cartilage, including collagenous and noncollagenous biomarkers, inflammatory and anti-inflammatory biomarkers, expressed in the biological fluid such as serum, synovial fluid, and urine. Broad validation of novel and clinically applicable biomarkers and their involvement in the pathways are particularly needed for early-stage diagnosis, monitoring disease progression, and severity and examining new drugs to mitigate the effects of this highly prevalent and debilitating condition.

Nitro derivatives of quinoline and quinoline N-oxide as low-cost alternative for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Cristina Assis ◽  
Alexandre Alves de Castro ◽  
João Paulo Almirão de Jesus ◽  
Eugenie Nepovimova ◽  
Kamil Kuca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Nitro Derivatives ◽  
Derivatives Of

Abstract A new and more aggressive strain of coronavirus, known as SARS-CoV-2, which is highly contagious, has rapidly spread across the planet within a short period of time. Due to its high transmission rate and the significant time–space between infection and manifestation of symptoms, the WHO recently declared this a pandemic. Because of the exponentially growing number of new cases of both infections and deaths, development of new therapeutic options to help fight this pandemic is urgently needed. The target molecules of this study were the nitro derivatives of quinoline and quinoline N-oxide. Computational design at the DFT level, docking studies, and molecular dynamics methods as a well-reasoned strategy will aid in elucidating the fundamental physicochemical properties and molecular functions of a diversity of compounds, directly accelerating the process of discovering new drugs. In this study, we discovered isomers based on the nitro derivatives of quinoline and quinoline N-oxide, which are biologically active compounds and may be low-cost alternatives for the treatment of infections induced by SARS-CoV-2.

A Green Synthesis of Xanthenone Derivatives in Aqueous Media Using TiO2-CNTs Nanocomposite as an Eco-Friendly and Re-Usable Catalyst

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Samani ◽  
Shahrzad Abdolmohammadi ◽  
Asieh Otaredi-Kashani
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Aromatic Aldehydes ◽  
Catalytic Amount ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Sonochemical Method ◽  
Three Component Reaction ◽  
High Yields

Aim and Objective: The xanthene (dibenzopyran) framework constitutes the core structure of many biologically active compounds, that they have been of interest because of their pharmacological activities like antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and CCR1 antagonist. As heterogeneous catalysts offer several advantages over homogeneous catalysts, the performance of reactions on the surface of nanosized heterogeneous salts has received a great deal of interest in recent years. In the area of nanosized heterogeneous catalysts there is a noticeable range of reactions that are catalyzed efficiently by TiO2 NPs. Moreover, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as a support can be used to obtain nanoparticles with modified morphology, structural, chemical, electrical, and optical properties. The catalytic activity of titanium dioxide supported on carbon nanotubes has been greatly improved. Materials and Methods: The present methodology focus on the synthesis of 7,7-dimethyl-10-aryl- 6,7,8,10-tetrahydro-9H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-b]xanthen-9-ones, through a condensation reaction of dimedone, aromatic aldehydes and 3,4-methylenedioxyphenol, using a catalytic amount of TiO2- CNTs nanocomposite (15 mol%) at 80 ˚C in aqueous media, within 60-90 min. The TiO2-CNTs nanocomposite was also prepared by a known simple sonochemical method. Results: A series of 7,7-dimethyl-10-aryl-6,7,8,10-tetrahydro-9H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-b]xanthen-9-ones were successfully synthesized in high yields (92-98%). All synthesized compounds were well characterized by their satisfactory elemental analyses, IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The synthesized catalyst was fully characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, and EDX techniques. Conclusion: In summary, this investigation constitutes a novel and efficient route for the synthesis of 7,7-dimethyl-10-aryl-6,7,8,10-tetrahydro-9H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-b]xanthen-9-ones in high yields, by a three-component reaction of dimedone, aromatic aldehydes and 3,4-methylenedioxyphenol in water and in the presence of the TiO2-CNTs nanocomposite as a green, effective and recyclable catalyst. This novel method has the advantages of high yields, mild reaction conditions, short reaction time, easy work-up, inexpensive reagents and environmentally friendly procedure.

Water-Mediated Green Synthesis of Benzimidazoles Using Pyruvic Acid: A Comparable Study of Ultra-sonication versus Conventional Heating

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Rangnath Deshmukh ◽  
Archana Subhash Nalkar ◽  
Shankar Ramchandra Thopate
Keyword(s):  
Pyruvic Acid ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Aromatic Aldehydes ◽  
Ultrasound Irradiation ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Benzimidazole Derivatives ◽  
Green Protocol ◽  
Catalyst Metal ◽  
Wide Range

: An efficient and green protocol has been introduced for the synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives using a pyruvic acid catalyst in the presence of water. Pyruvic acid catalyses the reaction of aromatic aldehydes with o-phenylenediamine efficiently, and products were obtained in good to excellent yields under sonication (50 oC) or under conventional heating (50 oC). The advantages of this synthetic methodology are the use of eco-friendly, commercially cheap, biodegradable catalyst, metal-free and Lewis acid-free mild reaction conditions with excellent yields, short reaction times, and compatible with a wide range of electronically diverse substrates. Pyruvic acid in water as a catalyst under ultrasound irradiation can be a better alternative to synthesize benzimidazole derivatives than some of the traditional methods.

Quinoxaline as Ubiquitous Structural Fragment: An update on the recent development of its Green Synthetic Approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Patel ◽  
Drashti Shah ◽  
Naiya Patel ◽  
Khushbu Patel ◽  
Nidhi Soni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Ultrasound Irradiation ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Structural Fragment ◽  
Current State ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Quinoxaline Derivatives ◽  
Benign Solvents ◽  
Synthetic Approaches

: Quinoxaline is a versatile heterocyclic moiety that possesses a wide range of biological activities. Therefore, many researchers have been performing the synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives on a daily basis. In addition, high demands for their synthesis often result in an increased generation of different waste chemicals. However, to minimize the utilization and generation of toxic organic substances, the present review focuses on the various green synthetic approaches for the synthesis of quinoxaline and its derivatives. Moreover, due to the quick manufacturing of novel medications using a quinoxaline scaffold, multiple study reports are published in a short period of time. Therefore, to fully comprehend the current state of the quinoxaline scaffold in medicinal chemistry, it is necessary to combine recent findings with previous understanding. Besides, compared to conventional methods, these green methods minimize the use and generation of harmful chemicals and improve reaction efficiency in terms of product yields, purity, energy consumption, and post-synthetic procedures. Therefore, in this review, we have attempted to shed light on various green synthetic strategies leading to the synthesis of quinoxaline scaffold and its derivatives, such as ultrasound irradiation, microwave irradiation, grindstone technique, environmentally benign solvents/catalysts based, and reactant immobilized on a solid support, etc.

scholarly journals Facile and Efficient Synthesis of Xanthene Derivatives Mediated by Lanthanum(Iii) Nitrate Hexahydrate under Solvent Free Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
Kabeer Ahmed Shaikh ◽  
Uddhav Nivrutti Chaudhar
Keyword(s):  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Aromatic Aldehydes ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Homogeneous Catalyst ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Nitrate Hexahydrate ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Solvent Free Conditions ◽  
Xanthene Derivatives

The present paper shows that lanthanum(III) nitrate hexahydrate can be used as mild and environment friendly homogeneous catalyst for an efficient one-pot multi-component synthesis of biologically active 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthene and 14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthene derivatives. The solvent free condensation reaction of aromatic aldehydes and dimedone or β-naphthol was carried out at 70-80ºC during 10-30 min. The advantages of this eco-friendly synthesis route are numerous, and include the use of an inexpensive catalyst, high to excellent yield, short reaction time and high catalytic activity that can make this method an interesting alternative to multi-step approaches.

scholarly journals Computational evidence for nitro derivatives of quinoline and quinoline N-oxide as low-cost alternative for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia C. Assis ◽  
Alexandre A. de Castro ◽  
João P. A. de Jesus ◽  
Eugenie Nepovimova ◽  
Kamil Kuca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Nitro Derivatives ◽  
Derivatives Of

AbstractA new and more aggressive strain of coronavirus, known as SARS-CoV-2, which is highly contagious, has rapidly spread across the planet within a short period of time. Due to its high transmission rate and the significant time–space between infection and manifestation of symptoms, the WHO recently declared this a pandemic. Because of the exponentially growing number of new cases of both infections and deaths, development of new therapeutic options to help fight this pandemic is urgently needed. The target molecules of this study were the nitro derivatives of quinoline and quinoline N-oxide. Computational design at the DFT level, docking studies, and molecular dynamics methods as a well-reasoned strategy will aid in elucidating the fundamental physicochemical properties and molecular functions of a diversity of compounds, directly accelerating the process of discovering new drugs. In this study, we discovered isomers based on the nitro derivatives of quinoline and quinoline N-oxide, which are biologically active compounds and may be low-cost alternatives for the treatment of infections induced by SARS-CoV-2.

Pharmacological Targeting of Neuronal Kv7.2/3 Channels: A Focus on Chemotypes and Receptor Sites

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (23) ◽  
pp. 2637-2660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Miceli ◽  
Maria V. Soldovieri ◽  
Paolo Ambrosino ◽  
Laura Manocchio ◽  
Ilaria Mosca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Functional Heterogeneity ◽  
Molecular Scaffolds ◽  
Kv7 Channels ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
Pharmacological Targets ◽  
Pharmacological Potential

Background: The Kv7 (KCNQ) subfamily of voltage-gated potassium channels consists of 5 members (Kv7.1-5) each showing characteristic tissue distribution and physiological roles. Given their functional heterogeneity, Kv7 channels represent important pharmacological targets for the development of new drugs for neuronal, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. <p> Objective: In the present manuscript, we focus on describing the pharmacological relevance and potential therapeutic applications of drugs acting on neuronally-expressed Kv7.2/3 channels, placing particular emphasis on the different chemotypes, and highlighting their pharmacodynamic and, whenever possible, pharmacokinetic peculiarities. <p> Methods: The present work is based on an in-depth search of the currently available scientific literature, and on our own experience and knowledge in the field of neuronal Kv7 channel pharmacology. Space limitations impeded to describe the full pharmacological potential of Kv7 channels; thus, we have chosen to focus on neuronal channels composed of Kv7.2 and Kv7.3 subunits, and to mainly concentrate on their involvement in epilepsy. <p> Results: An astonishing heterogeneity in the molecular scaffolds exploitable to develop Kv7.2/3 modulators is evident, with important structural/functional peculiarities of distinct compound classes. <p> Conclusion: In the present work we have attempted to show the current status and growing potential of the Kv7 pharmacology field. We anticipate a bright future for the field, and express our hopes that the efforts herein reviewed will result in an improved treatment of hyperexcitability (or any other) diseases.

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