The Effect of Exercise and Protein Source on Food Intake Regulation and Characteristics of Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Female Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-184
Author(s):  
Alireza Jahan-Mihan ◽  
Peter Magyari ◽  
Shawna Jenkins ◽  
Valeria Palamidy ◽  
Lindsay Pappas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Obese Female ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

Background: Beneficial effects of dietary proteins and exercise in treatment of obesity is well-recognized. The effect of exercise and protein source on food intake, body weight and characteristics of metabolic syndrome in obese female Wistar rats was examined. Female Wistar rats received an obesogenic diet for 12 weeks. Then, rats were allocated to four groups and received one of the following treatments for eight weeks: 1- Whey protein Diet + Exercise (WPE), 2- Soy protein diet + exercise (SPE), 3- Whey protein diet, no exercise (WPN), 4- Soy protein diet, no exercise (SPN). The exercise comprised of 30 minutes on a treadmill, three times/week. Body weight (BW) and food intake (FI), blood pressure, pulse, glucose and intake regulatory hormones were measured. Results: FI and plasma ghrelin (2.7 times) were higher in exercise groups compared with non-exercise groups. BW was lower (6.7%) in groups fed a whey protein diet compared with those fed a soy protein diet. Abdominal fat (% BW) was lower (22.8%) in WPE compared with other groups. Diastolic blood pressure (11.1%) and pulse (6%) were lower in groups fed a soy protein diet compared with groups fed a whey protein diet. Conclusion: While exercise affects food intake, source of protein determines BW and BC. Whey protein showed more favorable effect on BW and body composition.

Effect of serum estradiol and leptin levels on thyroid function, food intake and body weight gain in female Wistar rats

Steroids ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 638-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago U. Pantaleão ◽  
Felippe Mousovich ◽  
Doris Rosenthal ◽  
Álvaro S. Padrón ◽  
Denise P. Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Serum Estradiol ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

Effect of protein source in diets fed during gestation and lactation on food intake regulation in male offspring of Wistar rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (5) ◽  
pp. R1175-R1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Jahan-mihan ◽  
Chris E. Smith ◽  
G. Harvey Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Receptor Blocker ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Intake Regulation

We hypothesized that protein source in the nutritionally adequate AIN-93G diets fed during gestation, lactation, and weaning influences food intake (FI) regulation in male offspring of Wistar rats. Pregnant rats were fed the recommended casein-based (C) or soy protein-based (S) diet during gestation ( experiment 1) or during gestation and lactation ( experiment 2). Pups (n = 12 per group) weaned to C or S diets were followed for 9 wk ( experiment 1) or 14 wk ( experiment 2). At termination, body weight was 5.4% and 9.4% higher, respectively, in offspring of dams fed the S diet. Altered FI regulation was shown by failure of devazepide (a CCK-A receptor blocker) to block FI reduction after protein preloads in offspring of S diet-fed dams, whereas it had a strong effect on offspring of C diet-fed dams ( P < 0.005). Similarly, naloxone (an opioid receptor blocker) blocked FI reduction more after casein than after soy protein preloads ( P < 0.01). In experiment 2, offspring of dams fed the S diet had higher hypothalamic gene expression of agouti related protein at weaning ( P < 0.05), and higher FI was found throughout postweaning ( P < 0.0001). FI reduction after protein preloads at week 7 and after glucose preloads at week 13 was greater in offspring of C diet-fed dams ( P < 0.05). Plasma insulin at weaning and insulin, ghrelin, and glucagon-like peptide-1 at week 15 were higher in offspring of S diet-fed dams (all P < 0.05). In conclusion, nutritionally complete C and S diets consumed during gestation and lactation differ in their effects on body weight and FI regulation in the offspring. Extending the diet from gestation alone to throughout gestation and lactation exaggerated the adverse effects of the S diet. However, the diet consumed postweaning had little effect on the outcome.

High multivitamin intake by Wistar rats during pregnancy results in increased food intake and components of the metabolic syndrome in male offspring

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (2) ◽  
pp. R575-R582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignatius M. Y. Szeto ◽  
Alfred Aziz ◽  
Paul J. Das ◽  
Ameer Y. Taha ◽  
Nobuhiko Okubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

The effect of high multivitamin intake during pregnancy on the metabolic phenotype of rat offspring was investigated. Pregnant Wistar rats ( n = 10 per group) were fed the AIN-93G diet with the recommended vitamin (RV) content or a 10-fold increase [high vitamin (HV) content]. In experiment 1, male and female offspring were followed for 12 wk after weaning; in experiment 2, only males were followed for 28 wk. Body weight (BW) was measured weekly. Every 4 wk, after an overnight fast, food intake over 1 h was measured 30 min after a gavage of glucose or water. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed every 3–5 wk. Postweaning fasting glucose, insulin, ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1, and systolic blood pressure were measured. No difference in BW at birth or litter size was observed. Food intake was greater in males born to HV dams ( P < 0.05), and at 28 wk after weaning, BW was 8% higher ( P < 0.05) and fat pad mass was 27% higher ( P < 0.05). Food intake reduction after the glucose preload was nearly twofold less in males born to HV dams at 12 wk after weaning ( P < 0.05). Fasting glucose, insulin, and ghrelin were 11%, 62%, and 41% higher in males from HV dams at 14 wk after weaning ( P < 0.05). Blood glucose response was 46% higher at 23 wk after weaning ( P < 0.01), and systolic blood pressure was 16% higher at 28 wk after weaning ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, high multivitamin intake during pregnancy programmed the male offspring for the development of the components of metabolic syndrome in adulthood, possibly by its effects on central mechanisms of food intake control.

scholarly journals High Choline Intake during Pregnancy Reduces Characteristics of the Metabolic Syndrome in Male Wistar Rat Offspring Fed a High Fat But Not a Normal Fat Post-Weaning Diet

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1438
Author(s):  
Rola Hammoud ◽  
Emanuela Pannia ◽  
Ruslan Kubant ◽  
Adam Metherel ◽  
Rebecca Simonian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Rat Offspring ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Maternal choline intakes are below recommendations, potentially impairing the child’s later-life metabolic health. This study aims to elucidate the interaction between the choline content of the gestational diet (GD) and fat content of the post-weaning diet (PWD) on metabolic phenotype of male Wistar rats. Pregnant Wistar rats were fed a standard rodent diet (AIN-93G) with either recommended choline (RC, 1 g/kg diet choline bitartrate) or high choline (HC, 2.5-fold). Male pups were weaned to either a normal (16%) fat (NF) or a high (45%) fat (HF) diet for 17 weeks. Body weight, visceral adiposity, food intake, energy expenditure, plasma hormones, triglycerides, and hepatic fatty acids were measured. HC-HF offspring had 7% lower body weight but not food intake, and lower adiposity, plasma triglycerides, and insulin resistance compared to RC-HF. They also had increased hepatic n-3 fatty acids and a reduced n-6/n-3 and C 18:1 n-9/C18:0 ratios. In contrast, HC-NF offspring had 6–8% higher cumulative food intake and body weight, as well as increased leptin and elevated hepatic C16:1 n-7/C16:0 ratio compared to RC-NF. Therefore, gestational choline supplementation associated with improved long-term regulation of several biomarkers of the metabolic syndrome in male Wistar rat offspring fed a HF, but not a NF, PWD.

What Types of Exercise Are More Effective in Reducing Obesity and Blood Pressure for Middle-Aged Women? A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 109980042110154
Author(s):  
Seong-Hi Park ◽  
Chul-Gyu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Middle Aged

Background: A systematic review was performed to identify the types of physical activities effective as interventions in preventing metabolic syndrome in middle-aged women. Methods: Electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and CINAHL) served as the data sources. Cochrane’s Risk of Bias 2 was applied to assess the risk of bias of the randomized controlled trials. Meta-analyses were performed on selected studies using Review Manager 5.3. Thirty-one trials enrolling 2,202 participants were included. Results: Compared to controls, the effects of physical activity were indicated by pooled mean differences, which were −0.57 kg for body weight, −0.43 kg/m2 for body mass index, −1.63 cm for waist circumference, −4.89 mmHg for systolic blood pressure (BP), and −2.71 mmHg for diastolic BP. The effects were greater on the measurements of waist circumference and BP than on body weight and BMI. The types of physical activities were further analyzed according to sub-groups. Only aerobic exercise did not affect body weight and resistance exercise did not significantly change any results. Contrarily, combined exercises significantly reduced measurements of waist circumference and BP. Conclusion: This review can provide valuable information for research and implementation of measures to prevent metabolic syndrome in middle-aged women.

scholarly journals Severe protein deficiency induces hepatic expression and systemic level of FGF21 but inhibits its hypothalamic expression in growing rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Moro ◽  
Catherine Chaumontet ◽  
Patrick C. Even ◽  
Anne Blais ◽  
Julien Piedcoq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Deficiency ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets

AbstractTo study, in young growing rats, the consequences of different levels of dietary protein deficiency on food intake, body weight, body composition, and energy balance and to assess the role of FGF21 in the adaptation to a low protein diet. Thirty-six weanling rats were fed diets containing 3%, 5%, 8%, 12%, 15% and 20% protein for three weeks. Body weight, food intake, energy expenditure and metabolic parameters were followed throughout this period. The very low-protein diets (3% and 5%) induced a large decrease in body weight gain and an increase in energy intake relative to body mass. No gain in fat mass was observed because energy expenditure increased in proportion to energy intake. As expected, Fgf21 expression in the liver and plasma FGF21 increased with low-protein diets, but Fgf21 expression in the hypothalamus decreased. Under low protein diets (3% and 5%), the increase in liver Fgf21 and the decrease of Fgf21 in the hypothalamus induced an increase in energy expenditure and the decrease in the satiety signal responsible for hyperphagia. Our results highlight that when dietary protein decreases below 8%, the liver detects the low protein diet and responds by activating synthesis and secretion of FGF21 in order to activate an endocrine signal that induces metabolic adaptation. The hypothalamus, in comparison, responds to protein deficiency when dietary protein decreases below 5%.

scholarly journals Impact of flaxseed intake upon metabolic syndrome indicators in female Wistar rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 537-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia Hipólito Cardozo Brant ◽  
Ludmila Ferreira Medeiros de França Cardozo ◽  
Luís Guillermo Coca Velarde ◽  
Gilson Teles Boaventura
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Glucose Profiles

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether the prolonged consumption of flaxseed minimize the factors that trigger MS in healthy rats. METHODS: Pregnant rats were divided immediately after delivery into two groups during the lactation period, a control group (CG) receiving casein-based diet with 17% of protein, and a Flaxseed group (FG) with casein-based diet plus 25% of flaxseed. At weaning, 12 offspring of each group continued to receive the same feed but with 10% of protein up to 200 days old. RESULTS: FG showed a significant reduction in body weight (p=0.001), total cholesterol levels (p<0.0001), triglycerides (p=0.0001), and glucose (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: The flaxseed alters the indicators related to development of metabolic syndrome, because it has beneficial effects on lipids and glucose profiles and prevents the excess of body weight gain.

scholarly journals METABOLIC SYNDROME PREVALENCE IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH DIET QUALITY IN THE CHILEAN ELDERLY POPULATION: A CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS FROM THE NATIONAL HEALTH SURVEY 2009-2010

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
C. Dussaillant ◽  
G. Echeverría ◽  
L. Villarroel ◽  
C.B. Yu ◽  
A. Rigotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Objectives: To analyze the relationship between the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, food intake, and diet quality in elderly (≥65 years old) Chilean population. Design: Cross sectional analysis based on the last national health survey performed in the years 2009 and 2010 (ChNHS 2009-2010). Setting: Non-institutionalized individuals of 65 years or older were selected and visited at home. Participants: A subsample of 505 elderly adults from the ChNHS 2009-2010 who answered a food questionnaire and had appropriate information to diagnose metabolic syndrome following the ATPIII-NCEP guidelines. Measurements: Fasting blood samples were obtained in order to measure blood lipids and fasting blood glucose. Blood pressure, waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI) were also measured. A 5-item food frequency questionnaire was applied to all the participants of NHS 2009-2010. Results: The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the Chilean adult population was 37.7%, increasing in frequency with advancing age. Among the elderly (≥65 years old), metabolic syndrome was found in 57.2% of the sample. Elevated blood pressure and increased waist circumference were the most prevalent metabolic syndrome components among this group (88% and 80%, respectively). Low intake of fruits, vegetables, whole cereals, fish, and dairy was seen among the elderly, and no association was found between food intake nor diet quality and metabolic syndrome prevalence. Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent among the Chilean elderly population and its prevalence is not associated with food intake or diet quality in this age group.

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