Effect of Antiretroviral Drugs on Liver Biochemical Parameters of HIV/AIDS-Infected Pregnant Women in Enugu Metropolis, Nigeria: a Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon I. E. Udalor ◽  
Chukwugozie N. Okwuosa ◽  
Ikenna K. Uchendu ◽  
Chidozie E. Agu
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Chronic Liver Damage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Increased Risk

Background and Objective: Certain liver diseases are uniquely associated with pregnancy, whereas others are unrelated. Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART)-associated hepatic toxicity is of increasing concern in the management of patients with HIV/AIDS. There is no available data on whether pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of liver damage and chronic liver damage in HIV-positive women on HAART. We evaluated the effects of antiretroviral drugs on the liver biochemical parameters in HIV-infected pregnant women. Methods: Using cross-sectional survey design, 171 women were exclusively screened for hepatitis B and hepatitis C infections; grouped as 50 HIV sero-negative pregnant women, 20 newly diagnosed HIV-infected pregnant women (treatment-naïve), 51 HIV-infected pregnant women already on HAART, 12 non-pregnant infected females (treatmentnaive) and 38 non-pregnant HIV-infected women on HAART. Liver biomarkers were determined using standard methods. Student’s t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s Post-HOC multiple comparison tests were used to analyse the results. Results: The Aspatate Transaminase (AST), Alanine Transaminase (ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Total Bilirubin (TB) levels in HIV-infected pregnant women on HAART were elevated. The AST (29.40±4.35 U/L) of naïve HIV-infected pregnant women was significantly low (p<0.05) compared to non-pregnant naive HIV-infected women with AST (53.36±5.92 U/L). Also, the ALP (272.5±22.79 U/L) and TP (80.9±4.40 g/L) of naïve HIV-infected pregnant women were highly significant (p<0.05) compared to non-pregnant naive HIV-infected women with ALP and TP levels of (200.30±12.74 U/L) and (63.70±6.50) g/L respectively. On the basis of trimester, HIV-positive pregnant women on HAART had significantly higher levels of liver markers when compared with that of HIVsero-negative pregnant women. Interpretation and Conclusion: Pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of liver damage and chronic liver damage in HIV-positive women on HAART.

scholarly journals Association Between Anaemia And Low Birth Weight Among HIV -Infected Pregnant Women Aged 15 – 49 Years In Zimbabwe : A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy T Chisare ◽  
Simbarashe Takuva ◽  
Tariro J. Basera ◽  
Natasha Khamisa ◽  
Jacqueline Witthuhn
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maternal Anaemia ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background In Zimbabwe, almost 25% of infants are born with low birth weight (LBW). LBW accounts for over half of the neonatal deaths in the country. Anaemia during pregnancy has been inconsistently associated with an increased risk of LBW. However, very little data is available from countries where HIV prevalence is high, wherein HIV is also known to be a common risk factor to LBW. This study examined the relationship between maternal anaemia and LBW among HIV-infected pregnant women in Zimbabwe. Methods This was a secondary data analysis of the 2015 Zimbabwe Demography and Health Survey. Data for 809 HIV positive women aged 15-49 years and their infants from all live births preceding the survey by 5 years were included in the study. Modified-Poisson regression methods were used to determine the association between anaemia and LBW while adjusting for other risk factors. Results The prevalence of maternal anaemia and LBW among the HIV-infected pregnant women was 42.3% (n=342) and 16.3% (n =132) respectively. The prevalence of LBW was14.6% (n=50) and 17.6% (n=82) among anaemic and non-anaemic HIV positive women respectively (p=0.264). HIV infected pregnant women with anaemia had a 25% less chance of giving birth to infants with LBW compared to HIV infected mothers without anaemia, however, the association was not statistically significant (RR 0.75; 95% CI 0.53- 1.05). Conclusions The findings demonstrate a high prevalence of anaemia and LBW among HIV infected pregnant women. Nonetheless, maternal anaemia was not associated with LBW. There is a need for adapted monitoring of HIV-positive pregnant women and affordable improved nutrition during antenatal care to reduce the risk of LBW infants and maternal anaemia levels. Further research examining the relationship between maternal anaemia and LBW among HIV positive pregnant women whilst factoring in the role of ART and the severity of anaemia is required.

scholarly journals Perencanaan Memiliki Anak pada Wanita dengan HIV Positif di Kota Semarang

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Nastiti Bandari Pratiwi ◽  
Zahroh Shaluhiyah ◽  
Antono Suryoputro
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Women With Hiv ◽  
Fertile Women

Background: Pregnant women with HIV positive is potential risk to transmit the virus to their infants. Prevention Mother to Child Transmittion (PMTCT) program is a solution for HIV women if they want to have children. However, most pregnant women detected HIV positive when they have been pregnant for more than 6 months through Provider initiated test and counselling (PITC). On the other hand, the data shows that the increasing number of HIV positive women who have been willing to have children.  This research aims to identify and examine the factors influence the plan of having children among HIV-positive women who access HIV treatment in Kariadi Hospital Semarang. Method: This study employs a quantitative research design with cross sectional approach, followed by qualitative study to explore the feeling and attitudes of women with HIV positive to plan of having children. There were 31 women involved in this study, selected with the criteria of fertile women HIV positive who have been taking antiretroviral therapy in Kariadi Hospital and willing to participate in this study. Qualitative data collected from two women who has been planning to have children. Quantitative data were analyzed by univariate, Chi-Square and multiple logistic regression. Whilst, qualitative data employ content analysis.Results: There were 16% of women with HIV positive who have been intending to have children in this study. The rest have not planned it because they worried if their pregnancy and delivery could transmit HIV to their infants. CD4 cell count, ARV access and women’s attitudes have significant correlation to the intention of having children among women with HIV positive. Comprehensive information about PMTCT and ARV were needed to deliver to fertile women with HIV positive.

scholarly journals Nutritional Status of HIV-Positive Pregnant Women in Luanda, Angola

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marli Stela Santana ◽  
Maura Eunice João FILIPE
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Pregnancy ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Current Weight

Abstract During pregnancy, maternal intake of nutrients and their nutritional status affects both mother and baby. Good nutritional status plays an important role for a healthy pregnancy, for this it is necessary that the pregnant woman have a healthy diet to assist in weight gain.Objective: To evaluate the pregestational and gestational nutritional status of HIV-positive women.Methods: This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study, conducted from August to November 2018 in which 171 HIV-positive pregnant women were selected at random, in order of arrival and submitted to nutritional assessment through the Global Subjective Evaluation, whose data collected, were analyzed using EpiInfo software version 7.2.Results: From the main results found it was observed the presence of maternal nutritional eutrophic, considering the pre-gestational Body Mass Index (BMI) of 107 (62.56%), and the gestational BMI of 94 (54.97%). It was found 31(18.12%) of pre-gestational overweight and 54 (28.07%) of overweight during pregnancy, and it was also observed that 12 (7%) of pregnant women were obese before pregnancy and 15 (15.28%) became obese during pregnancy. A significant association was found between pregestational BMI, height (p˂0.0001), gestational BMI, current weight (p˂0.0003), brachial perimeter (p˂0.002), and uterine height (p˂0.005).Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the need to develop nutritional care programs for HIV-positive women, in order to ensure an adequacy of their nutritional status.

scholarly journals Pregnant and Postpartum Women’s Experiences and Perspectives on the Acceptability and Feasibility of Copackaged Medicine for Antenatal Care and PMTCT in Lesotho

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Michelle M. Gill ◽  
Heather J. Hoffman ◽  
Appolinaire Tiam ◽  
Florence M. Mohai ◽  
Majoalane Mokone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Related Service ◽  
Improved Design

Objective.To improve PMTCT and antenatal care-related service delivery, a pack with centrally prepackaged medicine was rolled out to all pregnant women in Lesotho in 2011. This study assessed acceptability and feasibility of this copackaging mechanism for drug delivery among pregnant and postpartum women.Methods.Acceptability and feasibility were assessed in a mixed method, cross-sectional study through structured interviews (SI) and semistructured interviews (SSI) conducted in 2012 and 2013.Results.290 HIV-negative women and 437 HIV-positive women (n=727) participated. Nearly all SI participants found prepackaged medicines acceptable, though modifications such as size reduction of the pack were suggested. Positive experiences included that the pack helped women take pills as instructed and contents promoted healthy pregnancies. Negative experiences included inadvertent pregnancy disclosure and discomfort carrying the pack in communities. Implementation was also feasible; 85.2% of SI participants reported adequate counseling time, though 37.8% felt pack use caused clinic delays. SSI participants reported improvement in service quality following pack introduction, due to more comprehensive counseling.Conclusions.A prepackaged drug delivery mechanism for ANC/PMTCT medicines was acceptable and feasible. Findings support continued use of this approach in Lesotho with improved design modifications to reflect the current PMTCT program of lifelong treatment for all HIV-positive pregnant women.

scholarly journals Factors associated with delivering premature and/or low birth weight infants among pregnant HIV-positive women on antiretroviral treatment at Dr George Mukhari Hospital, South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
N. N. Gibango ◽  
S. Mda ◽  
T. S. Ntuli
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Access To Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
The Mean

Background: Prematurity and low birthweight (LBW) deliveries amongst pregnant women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remain a challenge worldwide. The association between prematurity, LBW and antiretroviral therapy (ART) or prophylactic antiretroviral drug (ARV) exposure in pregnancy is unclear. This study evaluates the risk of delivering a premature and/or LBW infant among HIV-positive pregnant women on ART or prophylactic ARV.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted (April to October 2012). HIV-positive women on prophylactic ARV (dual therapy) or lifelong ART (triple therapy or HAART) were enrolled in the study. Women who did not have a documented HIV result during pregnancy, those tested before delivery and those found to be HIV-positive were considered as not exposed to ARV drugs during pregnancy. This group received a standard dose of nevirapine during labour. The control group was made up of HIV-negative women.Results: Of the 496 mothers enrolled in the study, 59% (288/496) were HIV-positive, of whom 72% (206/288) were on ART or prophylactic ARV. The mean age was 27.6 ± 6.5 years (15 to 47 years). The mean gestational age (GA) was 35.9 ± 3.6 weeks (24– 42 weeks). Infants’ birthweights ranged from 550 to 4 900 g (2.5 ± 0.9 kg). HIV-positive mothers not on ART or ARV prophylaxis were likely to deliver an infant at GA  28 weeks (p 0.05) or birthweight  1 000 g (p 0.05) compared with their counterparts. Conclusion: HIV-positive pregnant women not on ART or ARV prophylaxis were at a risk of delivering babies at GA  28 weeks or birthweight  1 000 g. There is a need to encourage early and regular attendance for antenatal care so that HIV-positive pregnant women can be identified and have access to treatment during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Prevalence and determinants of anemia amongst HIV positive pregnant women in a tertiary Hospital in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 4825
Author(s):  
Innocent O. Eze ◽  
Clara U. Innoeze ◽  
Malachy E. Ayogu ◽  
Stephen C. Eze
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Group ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia ◽  
Hiv Negative

Background: In pregnancy, anemia is associated with increased risk of both maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality especially in HIV situation. To determine the prevalence and determinants of anemia in HIV positive compared to HIV negative women.Methods: This was a cross sectional study carried out from June 2016 to December 2017 amongst pregnant women who presented to the antenatal clinic. Information on socio-demographic variables and laboratory test to determine the hemoglobin levels and CD4 count (for the HIV positive women) were carried out. A total of 350 subjects with equal number of HIV positive and HIV negative pregnant women were recruited. Variables were compared between the two groups using software package for social sciences version 20. P values<0.05 at 95% confidence interval are considered statistically significant.Results: The mean age for HIV positive and negative were 31.54 ±4.1 and 29.03 respectively while, mean gestational age at booking for HIV positive and negative were 20.41±8.61 and 22.37±7.4 weeks respectively. The HIV positive group had a mean parity of 2.02±1.5, and 2.56±1.2 was that of the HIV negative group. The mean hemoglobin statuses at booking were 9.92±1.8 g/dl and 10.6±1.1 g/df HIV positive and HIV negative women respectively. The mean CD4+ at booking for HIV positive group was 478±251 per microliter. The overall prevalence of anemia irrespective of HIV status was 36.6%. The prevalence of anemia in HIV positive and negative women were 44.6% and 28.6% respectively. There was statistically significant relationship between anemia and HIV status (p=0.002).Conclusions: There was inverse relationship between CD4+ count and anemia. Low CD4+ count and non-use of HAART at booking were important determinants of anemia among the HIV.

scholarly journals Editorial Expression of Concern: Tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 6 protein ameliorates chronic liver damage by promoting autophagy formation in mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sihyung Wang ◽  
Chanbin Lee ◽  
Jieun Kim ◽  
Jeongeun Hyun ◽  
Minso Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Damage ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Inducible Gene

An Editorial Expression of Concern to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s12276-021-00554-6

scholarly journals Validation of the SavvyCheckTM Vaginal Yeast Test for Screening Pregnant Women for Vulvovaginal Candidosis: A Prospective, Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Philipp Foessleitner ◽  
Herbert Kiss ◽  
Julia Deinsberger ◽  
Julia Ott ◽  
Lorenz Zierhut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gram Stain ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Point Of Care Test ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidosis

Pregnant women have an increased risk of vulvovaginal candidosis. Recurrent candidosis is under debate as a contributor to preterm birth, and vertical transmission may cause diaper dermatitis and oral thrush in the newborn. Apart from cultural methods, the gold standard for diagnosing candidosis is Gram staining, which is time-consuming and requires laboratory facilities. The objective of this prospective study was to validate a point-of-care vaginal yeast detection assay (SavvyCheckÔ Vaginal Yeast Test) and to evaluate it in asymptomatic pregnant women. We enrolled 200 participants, 100 of whom had vulvovaginal candidosis according to Gram stain (study group) and 100 were healthy pregnant controls (control group). Of these, 22 participants (11%) had invalid test results. The point-of-care test of the remaining 85 and 93 study participants in the study and control groups, respectively, showed a sensitivity of 94.1%, specificity of 98.9%, positive predictive value of 90.3%, and negative predictive value of 99.4% when compared with Gram stain. In conclusion, we found a high correlation between the SavvyCheckÔ Vaginal Yeast Test and Gram-stained smears during pregnancy. This suggests a potential role of this point-of-care test as a screening tool for asymptomatic pregnant women in early gestation.

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