Sol-gel Preparation of Hollow Spherical x%B-TiO2 Photocatalyst: The Effect of Boron Content on RBR X-3B Decoloration

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjie Zhang ◽  
Yuxuan Liu ◽  
Hongliang Xin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Oxidation State ◽  
Boron Content ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Boron Doping ◽  
Anatase Tio2 ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Tetrabutyl Titanate ◽  
Doping Content ◽  
X Ray

Background: The potential of applying TiO2-based materials has been ascertained in both wastewater and polluted air. Boron is proven to be an effective dopant to promote the activity of TiO2 in our previous work. The density of hollow material is little larger than water so that the hollow photocatalyst can suspend in wastewater under stirring or aeration. Methods: The graphical spheres were prepared from glucose using hydrothermal method. The hollow spherical x%B-TiO2 was synthesized through a sol-gel route, using tetrabutyl titanate and tributyl borate in the precursor. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, infrared spectrum, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and N2 adsorption-desorption techniques. Photocatalytic degradation of RBR X-3B dye was studied to show the activity of the x%B-TiO2 materials. Results: Anatase TiO2 phase forms in all the x%B-TiO2 samples despite the difference in boron content. An absolute Ti4+ oxidation state exists in the x%B-TiO2, which is hardly affected by the doped boron. XPS analysis proves the formation of B-Ti-O structure in anatase TiO2 lattice. BET surface area increases with rising boron doping content in the hollow spherical x%B-TiO2 samples. Photocatalytic activity of TiO2 is enhanced after doping boron. The photocatalytic efficiency on RBR X- 3B degradation reaches the maximum value when n(B)/n(Ti) is 8%. After five photocatalytic cycles, decoloration efficiency on 8%B-TiO2 is as much as 80% of the initial value. Conclusion: A continuous expansion of TiO2 crystal happens with increasing boron content. The Ti4+ oxidation state of titanium in the hollow spherical material is not changed after doping boron. BET surface area of the hollow spherical x%B-TiO2 increases with rising boron doping content. The hollow spherical 8%B-TiO2 has satisfactory performs for recycling and lifetime.

Synthesis and Characterizations of Titanium Tungstophosphate Nanoparticles for Heavy Metal Ions Removal

2016 ◽  
Vol 257 ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ali Ghanem ◽  
Nezar H. Khdary ◽  
Abdullah M. Almayouf ◽  
Mabrook A. Salah
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Ionic Exchange ◽  
Characteristic Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions Removal ◽  
Metal Ions Removal

Ionic exchange of multi-components titanium tungstophosphate nanoparticles (TiWP-NPs) were prepared using sol-gel reaction of titanium isoperoxide and tungestophosphoric acid (TPA) in presence of CTAB surfactant. The X-ray, BET and TEM characterizations showed that the nanoparticles exhibit the characteristic structure of titanium tungstophosphate and a BET surface area of 74 ± 3 m2/g was achieved. The TPA has shown an effect on the self-assembly process and maintains the TPA content to minimum would be beneficial for obtaining higher surface area of TiWP nanoparticles. Metal ions adsorption of Cu(II), Pb(II) or Cd(II) using the resulting titanium tungstophosphate nanparticles materials is investigated and up to 95% removal percentage was achieved. Using this method, nanoparticles of ionic exchange titanium tungstophosphate can be synthesized in the form of powder and amenable to mass production.

Synthesis of Carbon Nanofiber-Titania-Cordierite Monolith Composite and its Application as Catalyst Support on Citral Hydrogenation

2012 ◽  
Vol 535-537 ◽  
pp. 178-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhu ◽  
Ming Shi Li ◽  
Mo Hong Lu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Catalyst Support ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Mesoporous Structure ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Tetrabutyl Titanate ◽  
Citral Hydrogenation

We reported the synthesis of a promising carbon nanofiber-titania-cordierite monolith composite (C/TiO2/monolith) and its application in citral hydrogenation. The composite was synthesized through two steps: TiO2 coating on the surface of the monolith with sol-gel method and the following carbon deposit by methane decomposition. C/TiO2/monolith was subsequently employed to prepare its supported palladium catalyst, Pd/C/TiO2/monolith and its catalytic performance was evaluated in selective hydrogenation of citral. Results revealed that 2.0 wt% tetrabutyl titanate sol in composite synthesis was the best in improving textural properties of C/TiO2/monolith. The optimal composite possessed a BET surface area of 39.4 m2/g and micropore area accounted for only 3.8% of its total BET surface area. It contained about 30 wt% of carbon, which was mainly composed of carbon nanofiber. Pd/C/TiO2/monolith exhibited the high citronellal selectivity (81%) at 90% citral conversion, which was attributed to the decrease of internal diffusion limitation due to its mesoporous structure.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterisation of Mesoporous TiO2 Nanoparticles by Novel Surfactant Assisted Sol-gel Method for the Degradation of Organic Compounds

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harish Phattepur ◽  
Gowrishankar Bychapur Siddaiah ◽  
Nagaraju Ganganagappa
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Tio2 Nps ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Surfactant Assisted

A sol-gel method was employed to synthesise pure titanium dioxide (TiO2) and surfactant assisted TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs). The effect of novel surfactant viz., Lauryl lactyl lactate on photocatalytic properties of TiO2 was studied. TiO2 NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance spectra (DRS), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), and Brunauer – Emmet - Teller (BET) surface area. Anatase phase of TiO2 was confirmed by X-Ray diffraction pattern and the crystallite size was between 9–19 nm. Addition of surfactant improved the BET surface area, surface defects, while the agglomeration of particles was reduced. DRS results revealed that the addition of surfactant to TiO2 sol induced a red shift of the absorption edge which resulted in the reduction of band gap from 3.23 to 3.21 eV. These physicochemical properties of TiO2 NPs were correlated with photocatalytic degradation of phenol. About 92% of phenol degradation was observed for surfactant assisted TiO2 NPs (SA-TiO2). Salicylic acid and caffeine were also degraded using SA-TiO2 NPs.

Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon Fiber Supported Nano-TiO2

2012 ◽  
Vol 503-504 ◽  
pp. 646-649
Author(s):  
Xiao Ling Guo ◽  
Xiang Dong Wang ◽  
De Ping Ben
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Anatase Phase ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Activated Carbon Fiber ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Tetrabutyl Titanate ◽  
Nano Tio2 ◽  
Mean Size

Nano-TiO2 powders were synthesized by a sol-gel method using tetrabutyl titanate as the precursor, and then the composites of ACF(activated carbon fiber) supported nano-TiO2 was prepared by impregnating method. Tests of the amount of loaded TiO2 showed that three impregnating times was adequate. The Nano-TiO2 powders and composites were characterized by XRD, SEM, and BET surface area method. XRD tests showed that nano-TiO2 powders prepared by this way are anatase phase, and the mean size of the particles is about 11.5nm, when the calcination temperature is 673K. BET results showed that compared with original ACF, the surface area of the composites decreased slightly, indicating the impregnating process did not change the porous structure of original ACF. SEM result indicated that most of the nano-TiO2 particles as the size of 10-20nm were homogeneously dispersed on the surface of ACF.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization and Photocatalytic Performance of Poly-3-Thenoic Acid/Cu-TiO2 Nanohybrid for Efficient Visible Light Assisted Degradation of Bismarck Brown R

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1715
Author(s):  
Imandi Manga Raju ◽  
Tirukkovalluri Siva Rao ◽  
Miditana Sankara Rao
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Visible Light Irradiation ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Anatase Tio2 ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Nanohybrid Material

The present work reported on the synthesis and characterization of Poly-3-Thenoic acid/Cu-TiO2 nanohybrid (PCuT) for the photocatalytic degradation of organic azo dye pollutant from wastewater. The as-synthesized nanohybrid by an in-situ modified sol-gel method including chemical oxidative polymerization was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis.DRS), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. The characterization results revealed the formation of small aggregates of polymer contained high crystalline anatase TiO2 nanoparticles (XRD) with narrowed bandgap energy (UV-vis.DRS), decreased particle size (TEM) with smooth surface morphology (SEM) and large surface area (BET). All the constituent elements of the polymer and Cu-TiO2 were found in the PCuT nanohybrid material (EDX) and their chemical interaction studied by FT-IR confirmed the stability of the nanohybrid. The photocatalytic activity of the nanohybrid was tested by the degradation of Bismarck Brown R dye under visible light irradiation. To enhance the photocatalytic efficiency, effects of various catalyst/dye reaction parameters such as polymer content, solution pH, catalyst dosage, and initial dye concentration were studied and optimized. HIGHLIGHTS Poly-3-Thenoic acid/Cu-TiO2 nanohybrid material was successfully synthesized by in situ modified sol-gel process Poly-3-Thenoic acid has enhanced the visible light absorption capacity of anatase TiO2 in nanohybrids Electron-hole recombination in TiO2 was effectively inhibited by Cu doping Bismark Brown R, an organic pollutant was successfully degraded in 75 min of visible light irradiation GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

scholarly journals Preparation of Stellerite Loading Titanium Dioxide Photocatalyst and Its Catalytic Performance on Methyl Orange

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Chen ◽  
Jianhua Wang ◽  
Huajun Wang ◽  
Fei Yang ◽  
Jia-nan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Photocatalytic Ability ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Composite Photocatalysts ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Better Than

TiO2/stellerite composite photocatalysts were prepared by dispersing TiO2 onto the surface of HCl, NaOH, or NaCl treated stellerite using a sol-gel method. The materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), BET surface area analysis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). HCl and NaCl modification result in the promotion of the pore formation at the stellerite surfaces and induced the microscopic changes, while the surface morphology and structure of the stellerite were almost ruined by NaOH modification. Supported TiO2 calcinated at 200°C presented anatase structure. The photocatalytic degradation activities of TiO2 loaded HCl and NaCl modified stellerite were better than that of natural stellerite, accompanied with increasing specific surface area. On the contrary, NaOH modification induced the loss of photocatalytic ability of composite due to the generation of silicates.

Effects of Calcination on Sol-gel Synthesis of Hollow Spherical 8%B-TiO2 for Photocatalytic Degradation of RBR X-3B -Characterization and Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Yang ◽  
Yao Zhao ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Yanwen Zhou ◽  
Xuan Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Tetrabutyl Titanate ◽  
Tio2 Sample ◽  
Small Surface

Background: TiO2-based materials can be utilized in both polluted air and wastewater treatments. Ion doping is the most applied modification method, and many kinds of metal ions and nonmetal ions are doped into a TiO2 crystalline skeleton. The hollow spherical photocatalyst can both easily suspend in wastewater under aeration and settle down after treatment to release the water. Methods: The hollow spherical B-TiO2 photocatalyst was prepared by a sol-gel method. Tetrabutyl titanate and tributyl borate were used as the titanium and boron sources. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), infrared spectrum (FTIR), and N2 adsorption-desorption techniques. Results: The 8%B-TiO2 material is composed of anatase TiO2 when the calcination temperature is below 600°C. The graphical template is burnt out during calcination to leave a hole in the spherical 8%B-TiO2. The BET surface area of the materials declines from 53.2 m2/g at 400°C to 10.6 m2/g at 700°C. High-temperature thermal treatment results in the small surface area and large pore size. The activity of the 8%B-TiO2 materials was studied on adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of RBR X-3B dye. The 8%B-TiO2 sample prepared at 600°C has the maximum activity on RBR X-3B degradation. After five cycles, decoloration efficiency on the 8%B-TiO2 decreases from 100% in the first cycle to 80% in the fifth cycle. Conclusion: Photocatalytic activity of the hollow spherical material depends on calcination temperature with the optimum activity on the sample obtained at 600°C. The hollow spherical 8%B-TiO2 has satisfactory performance for recycling. Photocatalytic degradation of RBR X-3B can be proven by the UV-Vis spectra during the degradation process.

Effect of Carbon Coating of TiO2/Fe3O4 Particles on Their Photocatalytic Activity

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek A. Gad Allah ◽  
Shigeru Kato ◽  
Shigeo Satokawa ◽  
Toshinori Kojima
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Coating ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Titanium Tetraisopropoxide ◽  
X Ray

Magnetic titanium dioxide particles were prepared by depositing different amounts of TiO2 on magnetite powder using a sol-gel process. Adsorptivity of TiO2/Fe3O4 particles was increased by carbon coating which was carried out by mixing the particles with poly (vinyl alcohol) as a source of carbon. The carbon coating and calcination of particles were carried out simultaneously by heating the mixture at different temperatures. X-ray diffraction, energy dispersion fluorescence x-ray spectrometry, carbon-nitrogen analyzer and surface area analysis were used for the characterization of the prepared samples. The phase transition temperature of TiO2 from anatase to rutile was found to decrease by decreasing titanium tetraisopropoxide to magnetite (TTIP:Fe3O4) ratio while BET surface area increased by increasing this ratio. Carbon content had a significant effect on the formed phases and surface areas of the samples. The photocatalytic efficiencies of the prepared samples were investigated against degradation of methyl orange. The effect of TTIP:Fe3O4 ratio and carbon content on the degradation rate were studied. Methyl orange degradation rate increased with the increase in TTIP:Fe3O4 ratio but decreased by increasing carbon content.

scholarly journals Hydrochloric Acid Modification and Lead Removal Studies on Naturally Occurring Zeolites from Nevada, New Mexico, and Arizona

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1238
Author(s):  
Garven M. Huntley ◽  
Rudy L. Luck ◽  
Michael E. Mullins ◽  
Nick K. Newberry
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Lead Removal ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
27Al Mas Nmr ◽  
Modified Zeolites

Four naturally occurring zeolites were examined to verify their assignments as chabazites AZLB-Ca and AZLB-Na (Bowie, Arizona) and clinoptilolites NM-Ca (Winston, New Mexico) and NV-Na (Ash Meadows, Nevada). Based on powder X-ray diffraction, NM-Ca was discovered to be mostly quartz with some clinoptilolite residues. Treatment with concentrated HCl (12.1 M) acid resulted in AZLB-Ca and AZLB-Na, the chabazite-like species, becoming amorphous, as confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction. In contrast, NM-Ca and NV-Na, which are clinoptilolite-like species, withstood boiling in concentrated HCl acid. This treatment removes calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, aluminum, and iron atoms or ions from the framework while leaving the silicon framework intact as confirmed via X-ray fluorescence and diffraction. SEM images on calcined and HCl treated NV-Na were obtained. BET surface area analysis confirmed an increase in surface area for the two zeolites after treatment, NM-Ca 20.0(1) to 111(4) m2/g and NV-Na 19.0(4) to 158(7) m2/g. 29Si and 27Al MAS NMR were performed on the natural and treated NV-Na zeolite, and the data for the natural NV-Na zeolite suggested a Si:Al ratio of 4.33 similar to that determined by X-Ray fluorescence of 4.55. Removal of lead ions from solution decreased from the native NM-Ca, 0.27(14), NV-Na, 1.50(17) meq/g compared to the modified zeolites, 30 min HCl treated NM-Ca 0.06(9) and NV-Na, 0.41(23) meq/g, and also decreased upon K+ ion pretreatment in the HCl modified zeolites.

scholarly journals Magnetically Recyclable Wool Keratin Modified Magnetite Powders for Efficient Removal of Cu2+ Ions from Aqueous Solutions

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1068
Author(s):  
Xinyue Zhang ◽  
Yani Guo ◽  
Wenjun Li ◽  
Jinyuan Zhang ◽  
Hailiang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Ion Adsorption ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wool Keratin

The treatment of wastewater containing heavy metals and the utilization of wool waste are very important for the sustainable development of textile mills. In this study, the wool keratin modified magnetite (Fe3O4) powders were fabricated by using wool waste via a co-precipitation technique for removal of Cu2+ ions from aqueous solutions. The morphology, chemical compositions, crystal structure, microstructure, magnetism properties, organic content, and specific surface area of as-fabricated powders were systematically characterized by various techniques including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analyzer. The effects of experimental parameters such as the volume of wool keratin hydrolysate, the dosage of powder, the initial Cu2+ ion concentration, and the pH value of solution on the adsorption capacity of Cu2+ ions by the powders were examined. The experimental results indicated that the Cu2+ ion adsorption performance of the wool keratin modified Fe3O4 powders exhibited much better than that of the chitosan modified ones with a maximum Cu2+ adsorption capacity of 27.4 mg/g under favorable conditions (0.05 g powders; 50 mL of 40 mg/L CuSO4; pH 5; temperature 293 K). The high adsorption capacity towards Cu2+ ions on the wool keratin modified Fe3O4 powders was primarily because of the strong surface complexation of –COOH and –NH2 functional groups of wool keratins with Cu2+ ions. The Cu2+ ion adsorption process on the wool keratin modified Fe3O4 powders followed the Temkin adsorption isotherm model and the intraparticle diffusion and pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetic models. After Cu2+ ion removal, the wool keratin modified Fe3O4 powders were easily separated using a magnet from aqueous solution and efficiently regenerated using 0.5 M ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)-H2SO4 eluting. The wool keratin modified Fe3O4 powders possessed good regenerative performance after five cycles. This study provided a feasible way to utilize waste wool textiles for preparing magnetic biomass-based adsorbents for the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions.

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