Application of Nanomaterials in the Treatment and Diagnosis of Ophthalmology Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-103
Author(s):  
Nanxin Liu ◽  
Qingqing Wu ◽  
Yunfei Liu ◽  
Jiao Li ◽  
Ping Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Ocular Tissue ◽  
Local Administration ◽  
Simple Preparation ◽  
Ophthalmic Diseases ◽  
Treatment And Diagnosis

Eye diseases often lead to impaired vision and seriously affect the daily life of patients. Local administration of ophthalmic drugs is one of the most important approaches for the treatment of ophthalmic diseases. However, due to the special biochemical environment of the ocular tissue and the existence of many barriers, the bioavailability of conventional ophthalmic preparations in the eye is very low. Nanomaterials can be utilized as carriers of drugs, which can improve the absorption, distribution, metabolism and bioavailability of drugs in eyes. Nanomaterials have also the advantages of small size, simple preparation, good degradability, strong targeting, and little stimulation to biological tissues, providing an innovative and practical method for the drug delivery of ophthalmic diseases. In addition, nanomaterials can be used as an auxiliary means for early diagnosis of ophthalmic diseases by improving the specificity and accuracy of detection methods. Nanomaterials help clinicians and researchers delve deeper into the physiology and pathology of the eye at the nanoscale. We summarize the application of nanomaterials in the diagnosis and treatment of ophthalmic diseases in this review.

Pathya Apathya and role of Dinacharya in Nethra Swasthya

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Girish S. Varrier ◽  
Ashwini M. J.
Keyword(s):  
Life Style ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Daily Regimen ◽  
The Mind

The word Chakshu means, that which illuminates the objects and enlightens the mind about its details. It is seated in the two eye balls. When we talk about Pathya and Apathya, the importance of the word Chakshushya is impressed upon. The Pathyas have been explained by different authors in the heading of Chakshushya Vargas and the Apathyas have been explained as Achakshushya. Different Acharyas have also explained about the various daily regimen to be followed for maintaining Nethra Swasthya as Ayurveda gives much importance in maintaining of health and prevention of diseases along with the treatment of diseases. These Dinacharyas can be adopted in our day to day lives to protect the eye from diseases and improve the vision, by implementing improvised techniques tailor-made for day to day activities of present era. The Acharyas have armed us with proper knowledge to prevent and treat life style disorders related to eye diseases through explanation of Pathya Apathya and Dinacharyas which are practices of Kriyakalpas. Most of these practices are not being followed these days which leads to many Nethra Rogas. This can be corrected by re-implementing improvised versions of such practices in our daily life.

scholarly journals Analysis of Detection and Treatment Schemes of Highway Tunnel Lining Cracks

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yike Wei ◽  
Lingfeng Yu
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Tunnel Lining ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Tunnel Engineering ◽  
Highway Tunnel ◽  
People’S Daily ◽  
People's Daily

Highway tunnels play a very important role in people's daily life. Among them, lining is an essential part of tunnel engineering, and the quality of lining greatly affects the overall quality of the tunnel. On this basis, the causes of lining cracks and the detection methods of existing highway tunnel lining cracks are analyzed, and the treatment countermeasures for highway tunnel lining cracks are proposed.

scholarly journals Material Properties of Human Ocular Tissue at 7-µm Resolution

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 313-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Rohrbach ◽  
Kazuyo Ito ◽  
Harriet O. Lloyd ◽  
Ronald H. Silverman ◽  
Kenji Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Acoustic Microscopy ◽  
Ocular Tissue ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Ocular Tissues ◽  
Ultrasound Attenuation ◽  
Ophthalmic Diseases

Quantitative assessment of the material properties of ocular tissues can provide valuable information for investigating several ophthalmic diseases. Quantitative acoustic microscopy (QAM) offers a means of obtaining such information, but few QAM investigations have been conducted on human ocular tissue. We imaged the optic nerve (ON) and iridocorneal angle in 12-µm deparaffinized sections of the human eye using a custom-built acoustic microscope with a 250-MHz transducer (7-µm lateral resolution). The two-dimensional QAM maps of ultrasound attenuation (α), speed of sound ( c), acoustic impedance ( Z), bulk modulus ( K), and mass density (ρ) were generated. Scanned samples were then stained and imaged by light microscopy for comparison with QAM maps. The spatial resolution and contrast of scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) maps were sufficient to resolve anatomic layers of the retina (Re); anatomic features in SAM maps corresponded to those seen by light microscopy. Significant variations of the acoustic parameters were found. For example, the sclera was 220 MPa stiffer than Re, choroid, and ON tissue. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first systematic study to assess c, Z, K, ρ, and α of human ocular tissue at the high ultrasound frequencies used in this study.

scholarly journals OphthatomeTM: An integrated knowledgebase of ophthalmic diseases for translating vision research into the clinic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveen Raj ◽  
Sushma Tejwani ◽  
Dandayudhapani Sudha ◽  
Muthu Narayanan B ◽  
Chandrasekar Thangapandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Progression ◽  
Electronic Medical Records ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Vision Research ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Database Management System ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Large Patient ◽  
Ophthalmic Diseases

Abstract Background: Medical big data analytics has revolutionized the human healthcare system by introducing processes that facilitate rationale clinical decision making, predictive or prognostic modelling of disease progression and management, disease surveillance, impact on public health and research. Although, the electronic medical records (EMR) system is the digital storehouse of rich medical data of a large patient cohort collected over many years, the data lack sufficient structure to be of clinical value for applying deep learning methods and advanced analytics to improve disease management at an individual patient level or for the discipline in general. Ophthatome TM captures data contained in retrospective electronic medical records between September 2012 and January 2018 to facilitate translational vision research through a knowledgebase of eye diseases. Methods: The electronic medical records data from Narayana Nethralaya recorded in the MS-SQL database was mapped and programmatically transferred to MySQL. The captured data was manually curated to preserve data integrity and accuracy. The data is stored in MySQL database management system for ease of visualization, advanced search functions and other knowledgebase applications. Results: Ophthatome TM is a comprehensive and accurate knowledgebase of ophthalmic diseases containing curated clinical, treatment and imaging data of 581,466 ophthalmic cases from the Indian population, recorded between September 2012 and January 2018. Ophthatome TM provides filters and Boolean searches with operators and modifiers that allow selection of specific cohorts covering 524 distinct ophthalmic disease types and 1800 disease sub-types across 35 different anatomical regions of the eye. The availability of longitudinal data for about 300,000 subjects provides additional opportunity to perform clinical research on disease progression and management including drug response and treatment outcome. The knowledgebase captures eye diseases in a genetically diverse population providing opportunity to study genetic and environmental factors contributing to or influencing eye diseases. Conclusion: Ophthatome TM will accelerate clinical, genomic, pharmacogenomic and advanced translational research on ophthalmic diseases.

scholarly journals Injectable and Self-Healing Chitosan Hydrogel Based on Imine Bonds: Design and Therapeutic Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 2198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanshuang Xu ◽  
Yongsan Li ◽  
Qiaomei Chen ◽  
Lihua Fu ◽  
Lei Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Chitosan Hydrogel ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Simple Preparation ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Living Tissues

Biological tissues can automatically repair themselves after damage. Examples include skin, muscle, soft tissue, etc. Inspired by these living tissues, numerous self-healing hydrogels have been developed recently. Chitosan-based self-healing hydrogels constructed via dynamic imine bonds have been widely studied due to their simple preparation, good biocompatibility, and automatic reparability under physiological conditions. In this mini-review, we highlighted chitosan-based self-healing hydrogels based on dynamic imine chemistry, and provided an overview of the preparation of these hydrogels and their bioapplications in cell therapy, tumor therapy, and wound healing.

scholarly journals OphthatomeTM: An integrated knowledgebase of ophthalmic diseases for translating vision research into the clinic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveen Raj ◽  
Sushma Tejwani ◽  
Dandayudhapani Sudha ◽  
Muthu Narayanan B ◽  
Chandrasekar Thangapandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Progression ◽  
Electronic Medical Records ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Vision Research ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Database Management System ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Large Patient ◽  
Ophthalmic Diseases

Abstract Background Medical big data analytics has revolutionized the human healthcare system by introducing processes that facilitate rationale clinical decision making, predictive or prognostic modelling of disease progression and management, disease surveillance, impact on public health and research. Although, the electronic medical records (EMR) system is the digital storehouse of rich medical data of a large patient cohort collected over many years, the data lack sufficient structure to be of any clinical value for applying deep learning methods and advanced analytics to improve disease management at an individual patient level or for the discipline in general. Ophthatome™ captures data contained in retrospective electronic medical records between September 2012 and January 2018 to facilitate translational vision research through a knowledgebase of eye diseases. Methods The electronic medical records data from Narayana Nethralaya recorded in the MS-SQL database was mapped and programmatically transferred to MySQL. The captured data was manually curated to preserve data integrity and accuracy. The data is stored in MySQL database management system for ease of visualization, advanced search functions and other knowledgebase applications. Results Ophthatome™ is a comprehensive and accurate knowledgebase of ophthalmic diseases containing curated clinical, treatment and imaging data of 581,466 ophthalmic cases from the Indian population, recorded between September 2012 and January 2018. Ophthatome™ provides filters and Boolean searches with operators and modifiers that allow selection of specific cohorts covering 524 distinct ophthalmic disease types and 1800 disease sub-types across 35 different anatomical regions of the eye. The availability of longitudinal data for about 300,000 subjects provides additional opportunity to perform clinical research on disease progression and management including drug response and treatment outcome. The knowledgebase captures eye diseases in a genetically diverse population providing opportunity to study genetic and environmental factors contributing to or influencing eye diseases. Conclusion Ophthatome™ will accelerate clinical, genomic, pharmacogenomic and advanced translational research on ophthalmic diseases.

Second-child Policy and Incidence of Infant Eye Diseases in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenhui Ma ◽  
Xiaomei Wan ◽  
Mingming Jiang ◽  
Yichao Ding ◽  
Yuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Parental Factors ◽  
Second Child ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Third ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Single Child ◽  
Ophthalmic Diseases

Abstract Purpose To explore the influence of parental factors associated with the second-child policy on the incidence of ophthalmic diseases in infants. Methods Data were collected on children (aged < 3 years) admitted to Qingdao Eye Hospital, China, from January 2017 to December 2019, and patients with a family history of eye illnesses were excluded. We recorded the age, sex, diagnosis, mother’s history, age of the mother at birth, and parents’ education and the same values for all siblings. Results A total of 383 children (aged < 3 years) were admitted to the Qingdao Eye Hospital. There were also 159 siblings for a total of 541 children from 383 families. There were 229 single-child families and 154 multiple-child families. Among all the children involved in the study, the prevalence of ophthalmic diseases was 62.2% in the oldest child, 90.8% in the second, and 100% in the third. Among all 154 multiple-child families, the prevalence of ophthalmic diseases was 6.5% in the oldest child, 90.8% in the second child, and 100% in the third child. Parent’s age at the time of the child’s birth was not found to be related to whether the child had an eye disease for any of the children in this study. But the parents’ highest level of educational level was associated with a lower chance of any eye disease. Conclusion Parity affects the prevalence of ocular disease in children. Strengthening fertility education and raising maternity security may help reduce the prevalence of eye diseases in children.

scholarly journals Ophthalmic Nanosystems with Antioxidants for the Prevention and Treatment of Eye Diseases

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Dinte ◽  
Oliviu Vostinaru ◽  
Ovidiu Samoila ◽  
Bogdan Sevastre ◽  
Ede Bodoki
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Ophthalmic Diseases

Oxidative stress may induce a series of pathophysiological modifications that are directly involved in the development of ophthalmic diseases like age-related cataract, macular degeneration or diabetic retinopathy, considered to be responsible for the majority of vision loss cases. Although various treatment options for eye diseases are available, multiple factors could limit their efficacy. Recently, the accelerated development of ophthalmic nanosystems has provided new possibilities for overcoming the limitations of existing ocular drug delivery methods. This review evaluates the current status of ophthalmic nanosystems loaded with antioxidants for the prevention and treatment of several eye diseases.

scholarly journals Survival of contagious ovine digital dermatitis (CODD)-associated treponemes on disposable gloves after handling CODD-affected feet

2017 ◽  
Vol 181 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Angell ◽  
S. R. Clegg ◽  
D. H. Grove-White ◽  
R. W. Blowey ◽  
S. D. Carter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Detection ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Routine Examination ◽  
Digital Dermatitis ◽  
Isolation Techniques ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Survival In Air ◽  
Disposable Gloves

Both contagious ovine digital dermatitis (CODD) and bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) are causes of infectious lameness in sheep and cattle, respectively, and are strongly associated with the presence of specific treponemes, with three different cultivable phylogroups commonly isolated: Treponema medium, Treponema phagedenis and Treponema pedis. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential to transmit CODD-associated Treponema species via gloves used when handling visibly clinically affected animals. The feet of sheep with and without CODD were handled as part of routine examination with gloved hands. The gloves were then swabbed to detect the presence of treponemes immediately after handling. Detection methods included culture and isolation techniques together with DNA detection by PCR. In addition, the duration of survival in air was determined as well as the efficacy of common disinfectants to remove treponemes from gloves. In this study, we demonstrate that CODD-associated treponemes can survive on gloves used to handle the feet of CODD-affected sheep but may be removed effectively using common disinfectants. These data provide evidence of a potential route of transmission and identify a practical method to reduce this risk.

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