Expression and Functions of LRP-2 in Central Nervous System: Progress in Understanding its Regulation and the Potential Use for Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Spuch ◽  
Carmen Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Potential Use

State of the Art on Carbonic Anhydrase Modulators for Biomedical Purposes

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 2558-2573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Bozdag ◽  
Abdulmalik Saleh Alfawaz Altamimi ◽  
Daniela Vullo ◽  
Claudiu T. Supuran ◽  
Fabrizio Carta
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Hydration Reaction ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrases ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Learning Impairments ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Potential Use

The current review is intended to highlight recent advances in the search of new and effective modulators of the metalloenzymes Carbonic Anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) expressed in humans (h). CAs reversibly catalyze the CO2 hydration reaction, which is of crucial importance in the regulation of a plethora of fundamental processes at cellular level as well as in complex organisms. The first section of this review will be dedicated to compounds acting as activators of the hCAs (CAAs) and their promising effects on central nervous system affecting pathologies mainly characterized from memory and learning impairments. The second part will focus on the emerging chemical classes acting as hCA inhibitors (CAIs) and their potential use for the treatment of diseases.

scholarly journals Central Nervous System Cell-Derived Exosomes in Neurodegenerative Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yang Tian ◽  
Chen Fu ◽  
Yifan Wu ◽  
Yao Lu ◽  
Xuemei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Glia Cells ◽  
Central Nervous System Cell ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
System Cell ◽  
Almost All

Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicles secreted by almost all kinds of mammalian cells that shuttle “cargo” from one cell to another, indicative of its role in cell-to-cell transportation. Interestingly, exosomes are known to undergo alterations or serve as a pathway in multiple diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. In the central nervous system (CNS), exosomes originating from neurons or glia cells contribute to or inhibit the progression of CNS-related diseases in special ways. In lieu of this, the current study investigated the effect of CNS cell-derived exosomes on different neurodegenerative diseases.

Inefficient central nervous system delivery limits the use of ibuprofen in neurodegenerative diseases

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Mannila ◽  
Jarkko Rautio ◽  
Marko Lehtonen ◽  
Tomi Järvinen ◽  
Jouko Savolainen
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases

scholarly journals Effect of Luteolin and Apigenin on the Production of Il-31 and Il-33 in Lipopolysaccharides-Activated Microglia Cells and Their Mechanism of Action

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Nchang Che ◽  
Byoung Ok Cho ◽  
Ji-su Kim ◽  
Jae Young Shin ◽  
Hyun Ju Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Mapk Pathway ◽  
Microglial Cells ◽  
Stat3 Signaling ◽  
Protein Expressions ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Microglia cells are resident cells of the central nervous system (CNS) charged with modulating inflammation in the CNS. Overstimulation of microglia cells continuously releases inflammatory mediators that contribute to neurodegenerative diseases. Apigenin and Luteolin are flavonoids with reported anti-inflammatory activities. However, their effects on IL-31 and IL-33 production in microglial cells are unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of apigenin and luteolin on the production of IL-31 and IL-33 by microglia cells. SIM-A9 microglial cells were pre-treated with apigenin or luteolin and stimulated with lipopolysaccharides to evaluate the production of IL-31 and IL-33. The study revealed that apigenin and luteolin inhibited the production of IL-31 and IL-33 at the gene and protein expressions and the secretion levels. Using potent inhibitors of MAPK, NF-κB, and STAT3 signaling pathways, we demonstrated that apigenin and luteolin’s suppression of ERK and JNK contributed to the inhibition of IL-31 and IL-33 in the MAPK pathway. Luteolin’s suppression of NF-κB and STAT3 also contributed to the inhibition of IL-31 and IL-33. Further analysis revealed that both compounds prevented nuclear translocation of activated NF-κB and STAT3, an act that subsequently prevented their DNA binding activities. Collectively, the study suggested that apigenin and luteolin’s regulation of signaling pathways contributed to the inhibition of IL-31 and IL-33, thus suggesting its importance for the improvement of neurodegenerative diseases involving these two cytokines.

scholarly journals Developmental Neurotoxicity: Some Old and New Issues

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gennaro Giordano ◽  
Lucio G. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Diphenyl Ether ◽  
Developmental Neurotoxicity ◽  
Organophosphorus Insecticides ◽  
Alternative Testing ◽  
The Individual

The developing central nervous system is often more vulnerable to injury than the adult one. Of the almost 200 chemicals known to be neurotoxic, many are developmental neurotoxicants. Exposure to these compounds in utero or during childhood can contribute to a variety of neurodevelopmental and neurological disorders. Two established developmental neurotoxicants, methylmercury and lead, and two classes of chemicals, the polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants and the organophosphorus insecticides, which are emerging as potential developmental neurotoxicants, are discussed in this paper. Developmental neurotoxicants may also cause silent damage, which would manifest itself only as the individual ages, and may contribute to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s diseases. Guidelines for developmental neurotoxicity testing have been implemented, but there is still room for their improvement and for searching and validating alternative testing approaches.

scholarly journals Stem cell sources and therapeutic approaches for central nervous system and neural retinal disorders

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. E11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Yu ◽  
Gabriel A. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cns Disorders ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Made In

✓ In the past decades, stem cell biology has made a profound impact on our views of mammalian development as well as opened new avenues in regenerative medicine. The potential of stem cells to differentiate into various cell types of the body is the principal reason they are being explored in treatments for diseases in which there may be dysfunctional cells and/or loss of healthy cells due to disease. In addition, other properties are unique to stem cells; their endogenous trophic support, ability to home to sites of pathological entities, and stability in culture, which allows genetic manipulation, are also being utilized to formulate stem cell–based therapy for central nervous system (CNS) disorders. In this review, the authors will review key characteristics of embryonic and somatic (adult) stem cells, consider therapeutic strategies employed in stem cell therapy, and discuss the recent advances made in stem cell–based therapy for a number of progressive neurodegenerative diseases in the CNS as well as neuronal degeneration secondary to other abnormalities and injuries. Although a great deal of progress has been made in our knowledge of stem cells and their utility in treating CNS disorders, much still needs to be elucidated regarding the biology of the stem cells and the pathogenesis of targeted CNS diseases to maximize therapeutic benefits. Nonetheless, stem cells present tremendous promise in the treatment of a variety of neurodegenerative diseases.

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