The mixed AII and BIII genotypes of human Giardia lamblia isolates circulating in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Kialashaki ◽  
Mahdi Fakhar ◽  
Mehdi Sharif ◽  
Ahmad Daryani ◽  
Reza Saberi
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Mazandaran Province ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Stool Samples

Objectives: Giardiasis is one of the human parasitic diseases by a flagellate protozoan named Giardia lamblia. This parasite is one of the most common organisms causing diarrhea in human and a common gastrointestinal parasite in vertebrates. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the molecular epidemiology of Giardia lamblia (G.lamblia) by PCR-RFLP method in the Mazandaran Province and to investigate possible relationship between parasite genotype and clinical symptoms. Methods: In this study, 50 stool samples were collected from human cases of G. lamblia. referred to health centers in Sari, Babol, Nowshahr cities. The samples were examined by formalin-ether concentration procedure. DNA extraction was carried out on samples containing adequate Giardia cysts, and then PCR-RFLP was done on glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) marker. Results: In these patients, the most common signs were abdominal pain (42.9%), diarrhea (47.6%) and least marked common signs was malaise (4.7%). Of all 21 isolates, 9 samples (42.8%) were found as genotype mixed AII and BIII, 6 samples (28.6%) belonged to genotype BIII and 6 ones (28.6%) were genotype AII. Additionally, there was a significant correlation between AII genotype and clinical symptoms (P <0.05). According to the statistical tests there was a significant relation between abdominal pain and intensity of infection (P<0.05). Conclusion: However, genotype AII and mixed AII and BIII genotypes were more common respectively. The relatively high prevalence of mixed infection of these genotypes indicated the potential of zoonotic source of giardiasis among patients in Mazandaran Province.

Giardia Lamblia Subtypes and Their Relationship with Clinical Symptoms in Patients with Giardiasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-400
Author(s):  
Soghra Viesy ◽  
Jahangir Abdi ◽  
Karimeh Haghani ◽  
Reza Valizadeh ◽  
A. Mirzaei
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Intestinal Protozoan ◽  
The People ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Stool Specimens

Giardia lamblia has proved to be the most common intestinal protozoan parasite in humans that causes giardiasis. Given the high mutations in the genome of this parasite, the present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Giardia lamblia subtypes and their relationship with clinical symptoms in patients who appear to have giardiasis. In 69 stool specimens with an appropriate number of giardia cysts, the DNA was first purified, and the genotype was then determined based on the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) gene sequence using PCR-RFLP. Data were collected on the clinical symptoms of the patients through a questionnaire, and their relationship with molecular results was studied. Four samples (5.8%) were found to be of subtype AI, 51 (73.9%) of subtype AII and 14 (20.3 %) of subtype BIII. No BIV subtype was found in the present study. A correlation was observed between Giardia lamblia genotypes (AI, AII and BIII) and abdominal pain. All of the people (100%) who had the AI genotype (i.e. the zoonosis subtype) had been losing weight. There was a significant correlation between weight loss and the AI subtype. All of the people (100%) infected with the BIII genotype experienced diarrhea, and this genotype was found to be associated with diarrhea. The present study found abdominal pain to be the most common symptom of giardiasis in Ilam province. Moreover, humans were found to be the main reservoir for giardia lamblia, although zoonosis subtypes such as AI and BIII still exist in the region and pose a risk for a giardiasis epidemic.

scholarly journals Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of COVID-19 in Children in Northern Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Leila Shahbaznejad ◽  
Hamed Rouhanizadeh ◽  
Mohammad Reza Navaeifar ◽  
Fatemeh Hosseinzadeh ◽  
Faeze Sadat Movahedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Mazandaran Province ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
The Mean

Objective. Since December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been spread rapidly all over the world, infecting all age groups with this novel virus. In this manuscript, we report characteristics of children with COVID-19 in Mazandaran province, northern Iran. Method. From 12 February to 28 July 2020, medical records of 100 children diagnosed with COVID-19 admitted to the hospitals of Mazandaran province were collected. Patients’ age, gender, clinical symptoms, and signs, in addition to therapeutic management and outcomes, were reported. Results. 57 (57%) boys and 43 girls with the mean age of 104.63 ± 79.14 months were evaluated. 20 patients (20%) were transferred to the PICU (pediatric intensive care unit), and 13 children experienced a severe form of the disease, pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS). The mean duration of hospitalization was 5.3 ± 4.7 days. Fever (81%), respiratory (79%), gastrointestinal (47%), and neurologic complaints (29%) were experienced by the patients in addition to skin rash (14%). Sixty-two patients needed supplemental oxygen, and 6 of them underwent endotracheal intubation. Leukopenia was reported in 7, anemia in 24, and thrombocytopenia in 12 patients. 4 patients with underlying diseases including chronic renal failure, Down syndrome with cerebral palsy, and morbid obesity died. Conclusion. COVID-19 can cause symptoms in children in two stages. In the first week, upper and lower respiratory symptoms can occur which has lower severity and prevalence compared to adults. But after 2-3 weeks following infection, symptoms of MIS-C or multisystem involvement can occur and COVID-19 should be considered. The most common indication for admission is fever, rash, and respiratory problems.

scholarly journals Prevalence and clinical symptoms of Human Parainfluenza and Influenza infections in patients admitted to Mazandaran province health centers, 2019

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Zeinab Daneshyar ◽  
Hamid Reza Goli ◽  
Bahman Mirzaei ◽  
Mehdi Rabie ◽  
Mohammad Reza Haghshenas
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Mazandaran Province

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Parasitological, Immunodiagnostic and Histopathological Methods in the Diagnosis of Human Giardiasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 378-383
Author(s):  
Natasa Miladinovic Tasic ◽  
Vuka Katic
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Concentration Technique ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Conventional Microscopy ◽  
Human Digestive Tract ◽  
Southeastern Serbia

Giardiasis/lambliosis is a disease caused by the presence of a protozoan Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia) in the upper portions of the human digestive tract (DT). This cosmopolitan parasite is present particularly in children, but in all other age groups and socioeconomic conditions as well. The studies undertaken in the Ni�ava District (southeastern Serbia) have demonstrated a high prevalence of infection caused by G. lamblia species using conventional microscopy of three stool samples with or without concentration technique (6.24%), i.e. using the immunoenzymatic method to confirm the presence of G. lamblia antigen in the stool (6.59%). The use of invasive methods in the diagnosis of giardiasis is warranted in individual selected cases, when the significance of the parasite should be assessed regarding its involvement in the pathogenetic mechanisms of damage to the digestive tract mucosa.

scholarly journals Giardiasis Pattern among Different Age Categories: Childhood Assemblage B Proclaim Endemicity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doaa A. AHMED ◽  
Mona A. RABBO ◽  
Manal JAMJOOM ◽  
Hala S. SALEM ◽  
Marwa A. GHIETH
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
P Value ◽  
Wet Mount ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Estimated Risk ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Assemblage B

Background: Giardiasis is one of the commonest intestinal parasitic diseases that affects wide range of age groups. We aimed to detect the pattern of Giardia intestinalis assemblages among symptomatic patients at the age of 2 up to 40 years. Methods: Stool samples were collected from 278 patients and examined microscopically and genetically for giardiasis. Giardia was diagnosed using wet mount examination and subjected to molecular assays targeting three genes, glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) using semi-nested PCR (nPCR), β-giardin (bg) and triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) using nPCR. Amplified products were subjected to genotyping using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) targeting gdh and bg genes. Results: Among 48 samples positive by microscopy and by a minimum of one of the three used genes, genotyping was successful among 23 samples (47.9%). Assemblage B was more prevalent (16/23, 69.6%), than assemblage A (4/23, 17.4%) and 3 (13%) isolates were identified as assemblage B at gdh locus which later were identified as assemblage A at bg locus. Sub-assemblage AII (3/4, 75%) and sub-assemblage BIII (12/15, 66.7%) were predominate at gdh locus. Age groups was an estimated risk factor for infection with assemblage B with a peak (87.5%) during 6 to 12 years (P value ˂ 0.05), diarrhea and abdominal pain (OR (95%CI) = .654 (.094, .963); .201 (.048, 1.009), respectively) were significantly associated with assemblage B. Conclusion: It is recommended to suspect infection with giardiasis assemblage B by physicians during late childhood presenting with diarrhea and abdominal pain.

scholarly journals Genotype characterization of livestock and human cystic echinococcosis in Mazandaran province, Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Gorgani-Firouzjaee ◽  
N. Kalantrai ◽  
S. Ghaffari ◽  
J. Alipour ◽  
S. Siadati
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Cox1 Gene ◽  
Mazandaran Province ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded

AbstractEchinococcus granulosus is a helminth from the family Taeniidae, which causes cystic echinococcosis (CE) in humans and diverse livestock around the world. The identification of existing genotypes in different regions is a major step towards the prevention and establishment of control programmes for the disease. This study aimed to detect CE genotypes using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) of the internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS1) gene and sequencing of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (Cox1) gene in isolates from the central part of Mazandaran province, northern Iran. Forty isolates were collected from sheep, 17 from cattle and 6 from human formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues (FFPE). The ITS1 and Cox1 genes were successfully amplified by PCR in 41 and 42 samples, respectively. PCR-RFLP and sequencing showed that all isolates had the G1–G3 genotypes in this study. Out of 31 isolates subjected to sequencing for the Cox1 gene, 80.7% had the G1 genotype. G2 (16.1%) and G3 (3.2%) genotypes were observed in five sheep and one cattle samples, respectively. Five human isolates were also sequenced for the ITS1 gene, which showed that all samples belonged to the G1 genotype. Ten haplotypes were determined among the isolates by alignment analysis of the Cox1 gene. In summary, this study demonstrated that G1 was the dominant genotype circulating between humans and livestock in the studied region. Furthermore, high genotypic diversity among the CE isolates was observed.

scholarly journals High prevalence of selected viruses and parasites and their predictors in Malawian children

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-M. Fan ◽  
S. Oikarinen ◽  
K.-M. Lehto ◽  
N. Nurminen ◽  
R. Juuti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Environmental Predictors ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Child Undernutrition ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain

AbstractEnteric pathogens have been related to child undernutrition. Whereas there are lots of data on enteric bacterial microbiota and infections, much less is known about the incidence of prevalence of intestinal colonisation with viruses or important parasitic species. This study assessed the presence of selected viruses and parasites in stools of 469, 354, 468 Malawian children at 6, 12 and 18 months. We also assessed environmental predictors of the presence of viruses and parasites among 6-month infants. Microbial presence was documented using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Enteroviruses were identified in 68%, 80% and 81% of the stool samples at 6, 12 and 18 months children, rhinovirus in 28%, 18% and 31%, norovirus in 24%, 22% and 16%, parechovirus in 23%, 17% and 17%, rotavirus in 3%, 1% and 0.6%,Giardia lambliain 9.6%, 23.5% and 26%, andCryptosporidium(spp.) in 6%, 8% and 2% of the 6, 12 and 18 months stool samples. Dry season (May–October) was associated with a low infection rate of enterovirus, norovirus andCryptosporidium(spp.). Higher father's education level, less number of person in the household and higher sanitation were associated with a low infection rate of enterovirus, norovirus and rotavirus, respectively. The results suggest that the prevalence of asymptomatic viral and parasitic infections is high among Malawian children and that the family's living conditions and seasonality influence the rate of infections.

scholarly journals Incidental Finding of Myxobolus Spores (Protozoa: Myxozoa) in Stool Samples from Patients with Gastrointestinal Symptoms

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 3728-3730 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Boreham ◽  
S. Hendrick ◽  
P. J. O’Donoghue ◽  
D. J. Stenzel
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Incidental Findings ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Stool Samples

Myxozoan spores were detected in fecal samples from three patients presenting with abdominal pain and/or diarrhea. The spores were identical to those of Myxobolus plectroplites, a previously described pathogen from the freshwater fish Plectroplites ambiguus. All patients had recently eaten fish caught from local waters, and frozen fillets of such fish were found to be infected withM. plectroplites cysts. The passage of spores unchanged through the alimentary tract suggests they were incidental findings unrelated to clinical symptoms, especially since other enteric pathogens were present in two patients.

An Epidemiological, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Study of Giardia lamblia in Anbar Province – Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Suad Shallal Shahatha
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Teucrium Polium L ◽  
Therapeutic Study

This study was carried out to investigate the epidemiology of Giardia lamblia parasites in patients who visited some of the hospitals in Anbar province, which included (Fallujah Teaching Hospital, Ramadi Teaching Hospital, Ramadi Teaching Hospital for Women and Children and Hit Hospital) during by examining 864 stool samples in a direct examination method, The results revealed the infection rate was 41.7 % and the percentage of infection among males 47.8% is higher than that of females 35.4% with significant differences (p≤0.05). The age groups (1-9) years recorded the highest rates 55.4% and the lowest rate 13.6% in the age group (40-49) years. The highest rate of infection was 62.5% during the month of June, while the month of October was the lowest rate 5% and significant differences. The incidence rate in rural areas was 50.6% higher than in the urban areas 32.5%. The study also included the effect of Teucrium polium L. on the parasite in the culture media HSP-1, the concentrations of 0.5-3 mg / mL significantly affected Giardia, it was noted whenever the greater the concentration, the greater the effect during different treatment periods (1-4) days, as the highest concentration 3 mg/ml killed all Giardia parasites on the fourth day of treatment.

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