Safety and Efficacy of Levetiracetam for the Management of Levodopa- Induced Dyskinesia in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud A. Ebada ◽  
Souad Alkanj ◽  
Mohamed Ebada ◽  
Ahmed H. Abdelkarim ◽  
Ahmed Diab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Involuntary Movement ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Small Effect Size ◽  
Prisma Statement ◽  
Poor Tolerability

Background: Levetiracetam, a novel antiepileptic drug, has shown antidyskinetic effects in experimental animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD). The tolerability and efficacy of levetiracetam in reducing the levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) in PD patients have not been established. Therefore, this study aims to synthesize evidence from published prospective clinical trials about the efficacy of levetiracetam for the management of LID in PD patients. Methods: We followed the PRISMA statement guidelines during the preparation of this systematic review. A computer literature search of PubMed, EBSCO, Scopus, MEDLINE, and the web of science was carried out. We selected prospective clinical trials assessing the anti-dyskinetic efficacy of levetiracetam for treating LID in patients with PD. The Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS), Clinical Global Impression Score (GCI), UPDRS III, and UPDRS IV were considered as the primary outcome measures; their data were extracted and reviewed. Results: Our review included seven clinical trials with a total of 150 patients. Of them, three studies were randomized controlled trials, and the remaining were open-label single arm trials. Four studies reported poor tolerability of the levetiracetam with mild anti-dyskinetic effects. Levetiracetam slightly improved the UPDRS-IV and AIMS scores with small effect size. In the remaining three studies, levetiracetam failed to exhibit any anti-dyskinetic effects. Conclusion: Current evidence does not support the efficacy of the levetiracetam for treating LID in PD patients, however, due to the limited number of published randomized control trials (RCTs), further RCTs are required.

Brain Neuroimaging of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder in Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Rafail Matzaras ◽  
Kuangyu Shi ◽  
Artemios Artemiadis ◽  
Panagiotis Zis ◽  
Georgios Hadjigeorgiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Imaging ◽  
Sleep Behavior ◽  
Imaging Results

Background: REM-sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia and a common comorbidity in Parkinson’s disease (PD). There is evidence that the presence of RBD is associated with more severe PD. The differences in the clinical manifestations and the natural history are likely to imply underlying differences in the pathophysiology among PD patients with and without RBD. The increasing number of neuroimaging studies support this notion. Objective: Our primary objective was to review the current evidence regarding the brain neuroimaging findings in PD patients with RBD (PDRBD). Methods: A systematic review of articles, published in PubMed between January 1, 2000 and September 23, 2020 was performed. We evaluate previous studies that assessed PD patients with RBD using various brain structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques and brain nuclear medicine imaging. Results: Twenty-nine studies, involving a total of 3,347 PD subjects among which 912 subjects with PDRBD, met the selection criteria and were included. The presence of RBD in PD patients is associated with structural and functional alterations in several brain regions, mainly in brainstem, limbic structures, frontotemporal cortex, and basal ganglia, raising the hypothesis of a PDRBD neuroimaging phenotype. Conclusion: The current review provides up-to-date knowledge in this field and summarizes the neurobiological/neuroimaging substrate of RBD in PD.

scholarly journals Effects of Nordic walking on Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franciele Cascaes da Silva ◽  
Rodrigo da Rosa Iop ◽  
Beatriz Angélica Valdivia Arancibia ◽  
Elizandra Gonçalves Ferreira ◽  
Salma Stéphany Soleman Hernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nordic Walking ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Manual Search

ABSTRACT Several exercise modalities improve the symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Among the variety of physical exercises, Nordic walking has been used. The aim of this study was to summarize scientific literature on effects of Nordic walking on patients with PD by a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. The following electronic databases were selected: MEDLINE by Pubmed, Cochrane, PEDro, SCOPUS and Web of Science and articles identified by manual search, without restriction of date and language. The reviewers evaluated the articles and selected studies according to the eligibility criteria. The following data were extracted from the selected studies: publication identification, participants’ characteristics (sex, age, disease stage, duration of disease), experimental intervention characteristics, control group characteristics, duration, follow-up time, outcome measures and main results. Nordic walking programs with moderate and high intensities, with a minimum of 12 sessions of 60 minutes in a period from 6 to 24 weeks promoted positive effects on the severity, gait, balance, quality of life, functional capacity and motor function in patients with PD.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of gait training in water for patients with Parkinson’s Disease: systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-557
Author(s):  
Priscila Silva Costa ◽  
Elaine Cristina Cartaxo Villas Bôas ◽  
Erika Pedreira da Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Gait Velocity

INTRODUCTION: Hydrotherapy is increasingly used in the treatment of patients with neurodegenerative disease, being aimed at improving functionality and reduce falls. Allows safe walking, promotes relaxation and reduces fear of falling. There is a requirement to analyze the methodological quality of existing studies in this context. OBJECTIVE: To systematize the knowledge about the effectiveness of water walking training for people with Parkinson's disease. METHODS: This is a systematic review. We searched the Pubmed and Lilacs database from March 2017 to May 2018 without filters. We included randomized clinical trials that verified the effects of a water gait training protocol for patients with Parkinson's disease. We excluded studies that performed water training, but not specifically gait. A Cochrane Collaboration tool was utilized to evaluate the methodological quality of the studies. RESULTS: Fifteen studies were found in the search, three of these were included. There was different from those between the articles regarding outcomes, in relation to the increase in walking speed. The methodological quality analysis showed randomization and blindness failure in the methodology of the studies. CONCLUSION: It was evidenced that gait training in water has a positive effect on gait velocity and the mobility of these individuals. For a positive clinical outcome in walking, exercises for mobility and balance should be associated. Further randomized clinical trials are necessary for follow the guidelines and have satisfactory methodological quality.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Parkinson’s Disease Pharmacogenomics: Is There Time for Translation into the Clinics?

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7213
Author(s):  
Vladimira Vuletić ◽  
Valentino Rački ◽  
Eliša Papić ◽  
Borut Peterlin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Manual Search

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most frequent neurodegenerative disease, which creates a significant public health burden. There is a challenge for the optimization of therapies since patients not only respond differently to current treatment options but also develop different side effects to the treatment. Genetic variability in the human genome can serve as a biomarker for the metabolism, availability of drugs and stratification of patients for suitable therapies. The goal of this systematic review is to assess the current evidence for the clinical translation of pharmacogenomics in the personalization of treatment for Parkinson’s disease. Methods: We performed a systematic search of Medline database for publications covering the topic of pharmacogenomics and genotype specific mutations in Parkinson’s disease treatment, along with a manual search, and finally included a total of 116 publications in the review. Results: We analyzed 75 studies and 41 reviews published up to December of 2020. Most research is focused on levodopa pharmacogenomic properties and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) enzymatic pathway polymorphisms, which have potential for clinical implementation due to changes in treatment response and side-effects. Likewise, there is some consistent evidence in the heritability of impulse control disorder via Opioid Receptor Kappa 1 (OPRK1), 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 2A (HTR2a) and Dopa decarboxylase (DDC) genotypes, and hyperhomocysteinemia via the Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene. On the other hand, many available studies vary in design and methodology and lack in sample size, leading to inconsistent findings. Conclusions: This systematic review demonstrated that the evidence for implementation of pharmacogenomics in clinical practice is still lacking and that further research needs to be done to enable a more personalized approach to therapy for each patient.

scholarly journals GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonists in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease: Translational systematic review and meta-analysis protocol of clinical and preclinical studies

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255726
Author(s):  
Carolina Vaccari ◽  
Denise Grotto ◽  
Tiago da V. Pereira ◽  
João Lauro V. de Camargo ◽  
Luciane C. Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Increased Risk

Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive multifactorial neurodegenerative condition. Epidemiological studies have shown that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM2) are at increased risk for developing PD, indicating a possible insulin-modulating role in this latter condition. We hypothesized that drugs similar to glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), used in the treatment of T2DM2, may play a role in PD. Objectives The purpose of this study is to systematically review and meta-analyze data of preclinical and clinical studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 and GIP drugs in the treatment of PD. Methods Two reviewers will independently evaluate the studies available in the Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cinahl, and Lilacs databases. Preclinical rodent or non-human primate studies and randomized controlled human clinical trials will be included, without language or publication period restrictions. Outcomes of interest in preclinical studies will be primarily locomotor improvements and adverse effects in animal models of PD. For clinical trials, we will evaluate clinical improvements rated by the Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale–parts I, II, III, and IV, and adverse effects. The risk of bias of preclinical studies will be assessed by the SYRCLE tool and CAMARADES checklist and the clinical studies by the Cochrane tool; the certainty of the evidence will be rated by GRADE. Discussion and conclusion There is an urge for new PD treatments that may slow the progression of the disease rather than just restoring dopamine levels. This study will comprehensively review and update the state of the art of what is known about incretin hormones and PD and highlight the strengths and limitations of translating preclinical data to the clinic whenever possible. Systematic review registration PROSPERO registration number CRD42020223435.

scholarly journals Does Caffeine Consumption Affect the Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease? A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Reyhanifard ◽  
Sarvin Sanaie ◽  
Mojgan Mirghafurvand ◽  
Sama Rahnemayan ◽  
Arezoo Fathalizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library

Objectives: This systematic review of the literature was carried out to see whether coffee consumption could affect Parkinson’s disease (PD) symptoms. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), crossover studies, and quasi-experimental studies were assessed to evaluate the effect of caffeine on PD. The databases including Medline/PubMed, ProQuest, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were systematically searched. The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing the risk of bias in randomized clinical trials and the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool for non-randomized studies of interventions (ROBINS-I) were used to assess the quality of RCTs and non-randomized clinical trials, respectively. A meta-analysis of the results was not possible because of reporting different outcomes. Results: Four papers were included in this study. Only one study reported the significant effect of caffeine on ESS and UPDRS. Another study observed no significant effect of caffeine on ESS during three- and six-week interventions. However, a significant reduction in ESS scores in the sixth week was reported after excluding four protocol violations. This study reported that the UPDRS score reduced in the third week, but significant changes were observed after six weeks. The other two studies did not show a significant effect of caffeine on ESS and UPDRS. Conclusions: Since a meta-analysis was not conducted, there was insufficient evidence to evaluate the effect of caffeine on PD. Thus, it is recommended to conduct more well-designed RCTs with a larger sample size to assess the effect of caffeine on PD.

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