Low Serum Levels of Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 in Gunn Rats: A Hyperbilirubinemia Animal Model of Schizophrenic Symptoms

Background: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 2 (also referred to as basic FGF) is a multifunctional growth factor that plays a pivotal role in the pro-survival, pro-migration and pro-differentiation of neurons. Method: Because alterations in FGF2 levels are suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis schizophrenia, we investigated serum levels of FGF2 in the Gunn rat, a hyperbilirubinemia animal model of schizophrenic symptoms. Results: The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that the serum levels of FGF2 in Gunn rats were 5.09 ± 0.236 pg/mL, while those in the normal strain Wistar rats were 11.90 ± 2.142 pg/mL. The serum FGF2 levels in Gunn rats were significantly lower than those in Wistar rats. We also measured serum levels of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) and found a significant negative correlation between UCB and FGF2 at serum levels in all the rats studied. Conclusion: Since it is known that FGF2 regulates dopaminergic neurons and have anti-neuroinflammatory effects, our finding suggests that low FGF2 levels may contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, in which disbalanced dopamin-ergic signaling and neuroinflammation are supposed to play certain roles.

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Serum fibroblast growth factor 19 serves as a potential novel biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma

BMC Cancer ◽

10.1186/s12885-019-6322-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Takahiro Maeda ◽

Hiroaki Kanzaki ◽

Tetsuhiro Chiba ◽

Junjie Ao ◽

Kengo Kanayama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Fibroblast Growth ◽

Ablation Therapy ◽

Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves ◽

Fibroblast Growth Factor 19

Abstract Background Abnormal autocrine fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) production has been observed in several types of cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we investigated the potential of serum FGF19 as a novel tumor marker of HCC based on a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Methods The serum FGF19 levels of 304 patients with HCC was measured by ELISA. The serum levels of existing markers, including alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) were determined by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay. Both diagnostic value of FGF19 and its changes after curative ablation therapy was further examined. Results The median FGF19 levels in controls, chronic liver disease patients, and primary HCC patients, were 78.8 pg/mL, 100.1 pg/mL, and 214.5 pg/mL, respectively. The subsequent receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) successfully determined an optimal cut-off value of 200.0 pg/mL. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of FGF19 for HCC detection was comparable to those of AFP and DCP. Of importance, FGF19 showed higher sensitivity for the detection of small HCC (solitary cancer with diameter < 20 mm) than those of existing markers. In addition, 43 out of 79 cases (54.4%) with normal AFP and DCP (so-called “double negative HCC”) exhibited serum FGF19 level ≥ 200 pg/mL. In 45 HCC patients treated with curative ablation therapy, serum FGF19 levels changed from 257.4 pg/mL to 112.0 pg/mL after the treatment. Conclusion Our findings reveal that FGF19 can be a potential novel biomarker for HCC. Although FGF19 is not necessarily a substitute for existing markers, it may help improve the prognosis in HCC patients owing to its resourceful use in various aspects of HCC management and treatment.

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Half-life modeling of basic fibroblast growth factor released from growth factor-eluting polyelectrolyte multilayers

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-89229-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ivan Ding ◽

Amy M. Peterson

Keyword(s):

Cell Culture ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽

Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽

Half Life ◽

Cell Types ◽

Polyelectrolyte Multilayers ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Fibroblast Growth ◽

Cell Culture Study

AbstractGrowth factor-eluting polymer systems have been widely reported to improve cell and tissue outcomes; however, measurements of actual growth factor concentration in cell culture conditions are limited. The problem is compounded by a lack of knowledge of growth factor half-lives, which impedes efforts to determine real-time growth factor concentrations. In this work, the half-life of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) was determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). FGF2 release from polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) was measured and the data was fit to a simple degradation model, allowing for the determination of FGF2 concentrations between 2 and 4 days of culture time. After the first hour, the FGF2 concentration for PEMs assembled at pH = 4 ranged from 2.67 ng/mL to 5.76 ng/mL, while for PEMs assembled at pH = 5, the concentration ranged from 0.62 ng/mL to 2.12 ng/mL. CRL-2352 fibroblasts were cultured on PEMs assembled at pH = 4 and pH = 5. After 2 days, the FGF2-eluting PEM conditions showed improved cell count and spreading. After 4 days, only the pH = 4 assembly condition had higher cells counts, while the PEM assembled at pH = 5 and PEM with no FGF2 showed increased spreading. Overall, the half-life model and cell culture study provide optimal concentration ranges for fibroblast proliferation and a framework for understanding how temporal FGF2 concentration may affect other cell types.

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HIGHER SERUM LEVELS OF FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 21 IN GERIATRIC PATIENTS WITH CACHEXIA

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igy023.1104 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. 300-300

Author(s):

K Franz ◽

M Ost ◽

C Herpich ◽

L Otten ◽

V Coleman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Factor ◽

Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽

Geriatric Patients ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽

Fibroblast Growth

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Higher serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 in old patients with cachexia

Nutrition ◽

10.1016/j.nut.2018.11.004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 63-64 ◽

pp. 81-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kristina Franz ◽

Mario Ost ◽

Lindsey Otten ◽

Catrin Herpich ◽

Verena Coleman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Factor ◽

Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽

Fibroblast Growth ◽

Old Patients

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Clinical Significance of Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) Expression in Colorectal Cancer

International Surgery ◽

10.9738/intsurg-d-14-00044.1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 99 (5) ◽

pp. 493-499 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Norie Jibiki ◽

Noboru Saito ◽

Shingo Kameoka ◽

Makio Kobayashi

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Clinical Significance ◽

Stage Iv ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Lymphatic Invasion ◽

Fibroblast Growth ◽

Clinicopathological Factors

Abstract In this study, we serologically and pathologically examined the clinical significance of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) expression in patients with colorectal cancer. Serum basic FGF (bFGF) levels in 92 surgical colorectal cancer patients and 31 controls were measured, and the relationship between those levels and clinicopathological factors were examined. Immunohistochemical study was also conducted on specimens from 51 cancer patients, and the association between bFGF staining and serum levels were investigated. An examination of clinicopathological factors revealed significant differences in bFGF levels between stage 0-IIIb and stage IV cancers (P = 0.013). Lymphatic invasion was one factor that differed significantly. Patients with a tumor 30 mm or smaller had a bFGF level of 7.65 ± 1.11 pg/ml while patients with a tumor 31 mm or larger had a bFGF level of 8.53 ± 3.22 pg/ml; significant differences in these bFGF levels were noted (P < 0.05). Patients with a tumor that had no lymphatic invasion (ly0) had a bFGF level of 7.25 ± 0.66 pg/ml, those with a tumor that had minimal lymphatic invasion (ly1) had a bFGF level of 7.99 ± 1.68 pg/ml, and those with a tumor that had moderate lymphatic invasion (ly2) had a bFGF level of 9.17 ± 4.23 pg/ml. bFGF levels differed significantly for tumors with no/minimal lymphatic invasion (ly0-ly1) and those with moderate lymphatic invasion (ly2) (P < 0.0001). Serological examination of bFGF levels during the proliferation of colorectal cancer revealed that moderate lymphatic invasion can be readily distinguished.

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Cardiac hypertrophy elevates serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 23

Kidney International ◽

10.1016/j.kint.2018.02.018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 94 (1) ◽

pp. 60-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Isao Matsui ◽

Tatsufumi Oka ◽

Yasuo Kusunoki ◽

Daisuke Mori ◽

Nobuhiro Hashimoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Factor ◽

Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽

Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽

Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Fibroblast Growth

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Regulation of serum 1,25(OH)2Vitamin D3 levels by fibroblast growth factor 23 is mediated by FGF receptors 3 and 4

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.00740.2010 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 301 (2) ◽

pp. F371-F377 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

Jyothsna Gattineni ◽

Katherine Twombley ◽

Regina Goetz ◽

Moosa Mohammadi ◽

Michel Baum

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽

Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Phosphate Transport ◽

Fibroblast Growth ◽

Wild Type ◽

Baseline Serum ◽

Renal Phosphate Reabsorption

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a phosphaturic hormone implicated in the pathogenesis of several hypophosphatemic disorders. FGF23 causes hypophosphatemia by decreasing the expression of sodium phosphate cotransporters (NaPi-2a and NaPi-2c) and decreasing serum 1,25(OH)2Vitamin D3 levels. We previously showed that FGFR1 is the predominant receptor for the hypophosphatemic actions of FGF23 by decreasing renal NaPi-2a and 2c expression while the receptors regulating 1,25(OH)2Vitamin D3 levels remained elusive. To determine the FGFRs regulating 1,25(OH)2Vitamin D3 levels, we studied FGFR3−/−FGFR4−/− mice as these mice have shortened life span and are growth retarded similar to FGF23−/− and Klotho−/− mice. Baseline serum 1,25(OH)2Vitamin D3 levels were elevated in the FGFR3−/−FGFR4−/− mice compared with wild-type mice (102.2 ± 14.8 vs. 266.0 ± 34.0 pmol/l; P = 0.001) as were the serum levels of FGF23. Administration of recombinant FGF23 had no effect on serum 1,25(OH)2Vitamin D3 in the FGFR3−/−FGFR4−/− mice (173.4 ± 32.7 vs. 219.7 ± 56.5 pmol/l; vehicle vs. FGF23) while it reduced serum 1,25(OH)2Vitamin D3 levels in wild-type mice. Administration of FGF23 to FGFR3−/−FGFR4−/− mice resulted in a decrease in serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and an increase in serum phosphorus levels mediated by increased renal phosphate reabsorption. These data indicate that FGFR3 and 4 are the receptors that regulate serum 1,25(OH)2Vitamin D3 levels in response to FGF23. In addition, when 1,25(OH)2Vitamin D3 levels are not affected by FGF23, as in FGFR3−/−FGFR4−/− mice, a reduction in PTH can override the effects of FGF23 on renal phosphate transport.

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Lower soluble Klotho and higher fibroblast growth factor 23 serum levels are associated with episodes of atrial fibrillation

Cytokine ◽

10.1016/j.cyto.2018.08.005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 111 ◽

pp. 106-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Katarzyna Mizia-Stec ◽

Joanna Wieczorek ◽

Mateusz Polak ◽

Maciej T. Wybraniec ◽

Iwona Woźniak-Skowerska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽

Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Fibroblast Growth

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Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Correlates with the Prognosis of Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Cardiology ◽

10.1159/000509239 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Lingyun Gu ◽

Wenlong Jiang ◽

Ruolong Zheng ◽

Yuyu Yao ◽

Genshan Ma

Keyword(s):

Growth Factor ◽

Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽

Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽

Nyha Class ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Left Ventricular Ejection ◽

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Fibroblast Growth ◽

Class Iv

Objectives: The goal of this study was to evaluate whether serum fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels can be used to predict the prognosis of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Methods: 241 patients with DCM and 80 control subjects were recruited and followed up for an average of 16.12 months. A 2-dimensional (2-D) echocardiography technique was performed to calculate the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) percentages. The levels of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and creatinine were measured in routine clinical laboratory tests. Serum FGF21 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The levels of serum FGF21 were significantly higher in the DCM groups than in the control groups (225.85 ± 32.57 vs. 145.36 ± 30.57, p < 0.001). Serum FGF21 levels were positively correlated with the NYHA functional classification of heart failure (HF) (r = 0.610, p < 0.001) and NT-proBNP levels (r = 0.741, p < 0.001). Moreover, a negative correlation was observed between the serum FGF21 levels and the LVEF (r = –0.402, p < 0.001). FGF21, NT-proBNP, the LVEF and a history of atrial fibrillation (AF) correlated significantly with NYHA class IV (p < 0.05). The AUC of NT-proBNP for predicting NYHA class IV in DCM patients was greater than that of FGF21 (0.830 vs. 0.772, p < 0.001). Overall, 133 patients with DCM were recorded at the end point. Kaplan-Meier analysis results showed that the survival probability of those individuals with high levels of FGF21 and NT-proBNP was significantly lower than of those with low levels of these factors (p < 0.001). In the multivariate Cox analysis, FGF21 (HR 2.561; 95% CI 1.705–3.849) and NT-proBNP (HR 4.458; 95% CI 2.645–7.513) were independent predictors of a poor prognosis in DCM patients. Conclusions: Serum FGF21 levels were associated with the risk factors, severity, and prognosis of DCM. Therefore, FGF21 may serve as a novel biomarker for the prognosis of DCM.

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