Astragalus hamosus Acts as an Insulin Sensitizer Through the Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Rat Models by Affecting IRS1 Expression

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Nejati ◽  
Maryam Parvini Kohneh Shahri ◽  
Tarlan Farahvash
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Insulin Sensitizer ◽  
Rat Models ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Pcos Group ◽  
The Impact

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine abnormality among women of reproductive age. Insulin resistance is known as the hallmark of PCOS that leads to hyperinsulinemia and type 2 diabetes in PCOS patients. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the expression pattern of IRS1 as a candidate gene in insulin resistance development in the PCOS Rat models. Methods: In this study, estradiol valerate was used for PCOS induction. Then, all of the rats were divided into five experimental groups and treated with Astragalus hamosus extract. Ethanol was used for extraction by Soxhlet, and extracts were analyzed by GC-MS. Ovarian morphology was analyzed using histological experiments. Finally, the expression of IRS1 and hormonal titration of testosterone and insulin were evaluated using qRT-PCR and ELISA assays, respectively. Results: Induction of PCOS led to an increase in body weight, which decreased after treatment with the extract. Histological assessment declared an increased number of corpus luteums in treated groups and reduced cystic follicles compared with the PCOS group. Astragalus hamosus extract-treated groups exhibited decreased levels of insulin and testosterone compared to the PCOS group. qRT-PCR results showed an increase in the expression levels of IRS1 in the treated groups compared to the PCOS group. Conclusions: This study indicated the impact of Astragalus hamosus extract on PCOS by clarifying the increased levels of IRS1 expression in the treated groups compared to the PCOS group.

Luteolin alleviates polycystic ovary syndrome in rats by resolving insulin resistance and oxidative stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Huang ◽  
Xiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Ovarian Morphology ◽  
Pcos Group

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder characterized by elevated secretion of androgen, commonly associated with insulin resistance (IR), which could exacerbate patient with PCOS. Development of a safe and effective treatment in preventing and treating PCOS will be beneficial to women of reproductive age. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham group treated with vehicle (saline) or luteolin; letrozole and high fat diet induced PCOS group treated with vehicle or luteolin (25, 50, 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally). Ovary tissue and blood were collected for further analysis. Luteolin normalized estrus cycle and improved ovarian morphology, including reduced polycystic and alleviated the loss of oocytes and corpus luteum in PCOS rats. Serum follicle stimulating hormone, and estradiol were reduced while luteinizing hormone and testosterone were elevated in PCOS rats relative to that of sham, which were significantly normalized by luteolin. Notably, luteolin significantly inhibited IR and up-regulated protein levels of PI3K p85a and pAKT compared with PCOS rats treated with vehicle. In addition, the activities of antioxidants such as SOD, GPx, CAT and GSH were reduced in PCOS rats, which were significantly increased by luteolin. Protein and mRNA expressions of Nrf2 and downstream genes such as Hmox1 and Nqo1 were restored by luteolin in PCOS rats. Collectively, this study demonstrated that luteolin inhibited IR by prompting PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and enhanced antioxidative response through the restoration of Nrf2 pathway.

Insulin Therapy in Pregnancy Hypertensive Diseases and its Effect on the Offspring and Mother Later in Life

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Mate ◽  
Antonio J. Blanca ◽  
Rocío Salsoso ◽  
Fernando Toledo ◽  
Pablo Stiefel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders ◽  
The Impact ◽  
In Pregnancy

Pregnancy hypertensive disorders such as Preeclampsia (PE) are strongly correlated with insulin resistance, a condition in which the metabolic handling of D-glucose is deficient. In addition, the impact of preeclampsia is enhanced by other insulin-resistant disorders, including polycystic ovary syndrome and obesity. For this reason, there is a clear association between maternal insulin resistance, polycystic ovary syndrome, obesity and the development of PE. However, whether PE is a consequence or the cause of these disorders is still unclear. Insulin therapy is usually recommended to pregnant women with diabetes mellitus when dietary and lifestyle measures have failed. The advantage of insulin therapy for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) patients with hypertension is still controversial; surprisingly, there are no studies in which insulin therapy has been used in patients with hypertension in pregnancy without or with an established GDM. This review is focused on the use of insulin therapy in hypertensive disorders in the pregnancy and its effect on offspring and mother later in life. PubMed and relevant medical databases have been screened for literature covering research in the field especially in the last 5-10 years.

Polycystic ovary syndrome and probiotics: a natural approach to an inflammatory disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Schiattarella ◽  
Gaetano Riemma ◽  
Marco La Verde ◽  
Gianluigi Franci ◽  
Annalisa Chianese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Natural Approach ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Gut Microbial Community ◽  
New Evidence

: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition that affects about 15% of women of reproductive age and is correlated with infertility, insulin resistance, and obesity. The etiology of PCOS is multifactorial and genetic, endocrine, and metabolic causes were involved. New evidence suggests a link between microorganisms residing in the digestive tracts of humans and the development of PCOS. Moreover, an imbalance in the gut microbial community could be a possible factor for the onset of insulin resistance and obesity. Hyperandrogenism, a key feature of PCOS, could also play a critical role in shaping the microbiome community. Probiotics could modify the gut microbiota and serve as a potential treatment for PCOS. Here we disclose the association between PCOS and intestinal microbiota and the possible role of probiotics as a new treatment approach.

Polycystic ovary syndrome: a contemporary clinical approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelica Bjekić-Macut ◽  
Tamara Vukašin ◽  
Zelija Velija-Ašimi ◽  
Azra Bureković ◽  
Marija Zdravković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Insulin Sensitizer ◽  
Central Type ◽  
Increased Risk

: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a frequent endocrine disease in women during reproductive period. It is considered a complex metabolic disorder with long-term metabolic, as well as reproductive consequences. Main pathophysiological pathways are related to the increased androgen levels and insulin resistance. Nowadays, genetic origins of PCOS are acknowledged, with numerous genes involved in the pathogenesis of hyperandrogenemia, insulin resistance, inflammation and disturbed folliculogenesis. Rotterdam diagnostic criteria are most widely accepted and four PCOS phenotypes have been recognized. Metabolic abnormalities are more common in phenotypes 1 and 2. Women with classic PCOS are more obese and typically have central type of obesity, more prevalently displaying dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome that could be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular complications during life. Heterogeneity of phenotypes demands an individualized approach in the treatment of women with PCOS. Metabolic therapies involve a lifestyle intervention followed by the introduction of insulin sensitizers including metformin and inositols, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA), as recently sodium glucose contransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. Addition of an insulin sensitizer to the standard infertility therapy such as CC improves ovulation and pregnancy rates. Our current review analyzes the contemporary knowledge of PCOS etiology and etiopathogenesis, its cardiometabolic risks and their outcomes, as well as therapeutic advances for women with PCOS.

Polycystic ovary syndrome: reproductive aspects

2011 ◽  
pp. 1229-1234
Author(s):  
Sophie Catteau-Jonard ◽  
Cécile Gallo ◽  
Didier Didier
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of anovulation and hyperandrogenism in women, affecting between 5 and 10% of women of reproductive age worldwide (1). Although this difficult topic in endocrine gynaecology is under extensive research, controversies still remain about the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapy of PCOS. The PCOS phenotype can be structured in three components: manifestations of anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and the metabolic syndrome (of which hyperinsulinaemia secondary to insulin resistance is the central abnormality). The latter two are addressed in other chapters. Our knowledge about the mechanism of disturbed folliculogenesis in PCOS that is responsible for its reproductive aspects has much increased these last years, thus opening new avenues for the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals A review of therapeutic options for managing the metabolic aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 204201882093830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Altigani Abdalla ◽  
Harshal Deshmukh ◽  
Stephen Atkin ◽  
Thozhukat Sathyapalan
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Reduction ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Incretin Mimetics

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Metabolic sequelae associated with PCOS range from insulin resistance to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Insulin resistance plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of PCOS and it is a reliable marker for cardiometabolic risk. Although insulin sensitising agents such as metformin have been traditionally used for managing metabolic aspects of PCOS, their efficacy is low in terms of weight reduction and cardiovascular risk reduction compared with newer agents such as incretin mimetics and SGLT2 inhibitors. With current pharmaceutical advances, potential therapeutic options have increased, giving patients and clinicians more choices. Incretin mimetics are a promising therapy with a unique metabolic target that could be used widely in the management of PCOS. Likewise, bariatric procedures have become less invasive and result in effective weight loss and the reversal of metabolic morbidities in some patients. Therefore, surgical treatment targeting weight loss becomes increasingly common in the management of obese women with PCOS. Newer emerging therapies, including twincretins, triple GLP-1 agonists, glucagon receptor antagonists and imeglemin, are promising therapeutic options for treating T2DM. Given the similarity of metabolic and pathological features between PCOS and T2DM and the variety of therapeutic options, there is the potential to widen our strategy for treating metabolic disorders in PCOS in parallel with current therapeutic advances. The review was conducted in line with the recommendations from the international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome 2018.

scholarly journals The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and the Metabolic Syndrome: A Possible Chronobiotic-Cytoprotective Adjuvant Therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Spinedi ◽  
Daniel P. Cardinali
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
The Impact

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a highly frequent reproductive-endocrine disorder affecting up to 8–10% of women worldwide at reproductive age. Although its etiology is not fully understood, evidence suggests that insulin resistance, with or without compensatory hyperinsulinemia, and hyperandrogenism are very common features of the polycystic ovary syndrome phenotype. Dysfunctional white adipose tissue has been identified as a major contributing factor for insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome. Environmental (e.g., chronodisruption) and genetic/epigenetic factors may also play relevant roles in syndrome development. Overweight and/or obesity are very common in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, thus suggesting that some polycystic ovary syndrome and metabolic syndrome female phenotypes share common characteristics. Sleep disturbances have been reported to double in women with PCOS and obstructive sleep apnea is a common feature in polycystic ovary syndrome patients. Maturation of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone secretion pattern in girls in puberty is closely related to changes in the sleep-wake cycle and could have relevance in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome. This review article focuses on two main issues in the polycystic ovary syndrome-metabolic syndrome phenotype development: (a) the impact of androgen excess on white adipose tissue function and (b) the possible efficacy of adjuvant melatonin therapy to improve the chronobiologic profile in polycystic ovary syndrome-metabolic syndrome individuals. Genetic variants in melatonin receptor have been linked to increased risk of developing polycystic ovary syndrome, to impairments in insulin secretion, and to increased fasting glucose levels. Melatonin therapy may protect against several metabolic syndrome comorbidities in polycystic ovary syndrome and could be applied from the initial phases of patients’ treatment.

scholarly journals Promotion of reproductive and metabolic health - current trends in the treatment and prevention of polycystic ovary syndrome in different periods of life

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-149
Author(s):  
Joanna Smyczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Treatment And Prevention

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common hormonal disorders and causes of infertility in women in reproductive age. Diagnostic criteria of PCOS in adult women include: ovulation disorders, hyperandrogenism and  polycystic ovaries. According to most recommendations, 2 out of these 3 criteria are confirm the diagnosis of PCOS. In girls during puberty and in the first years after menarche, different diagnostic criteria of menstrual disorders should be taken into account (variable length of menstrual cycles, monophasic cycles) and the limited usefulness of ultrasound examination for PCOS diagnosis within 8 years after menarche. Fairly extensive differential diagnosis is also necessary, especially – exclusion of adrenal hyperandrogenism. Moreover, the diagnostic criteria of PCOS do not take into account the metabolic disorders found in most patients (obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes), which should be diagnosed as early as possible and treated appropriately. This is especially true for teenagers, in whom the unequivocal diagnosis of PCOS or its exclusion may be very difficult. Current recommendations regard hormonal contraception as the first-line therapy in PCOS, in both adult women and adolescents. Together with its beneficial effect on the reduction of hyperandrogenism and obtaining regular bleeding (which in fact are not menstruations), the unfavorable metabolic effects of hormonal contraception are emphasized, as well as the inadequacy of its use if it is expected to achieve or restore ovulation and fertility. The latest reports indicate the legitimacy of treatment aimed at correcting disorders of carbohydrate metabolism and its greater effectiveness compared to the use of oral contraceptives in both adult women and girls with PCOS. In the pharmacotherapy of insulin resistance, metformin is of fundamental importance, the use of pioglitazone, GLP-1 receptor agonists or inositols is also proposed. Adequate lifestyle and dietary modification are of major importance in the treatment and prevention of PCOS. The mechanisms of "inheritance" of PCOS and insulin resistance with the participation of epigenetic modifications are still better understood, taking into account the effects of exposure to androgen excess in utero, intrauterine growth retardation, and maternal obesity and hyperalimentation. This creates new possibilities for PCOS prophylaxis.

scholarly journals Assessment of Psycho-emotional Distress Due to Age, Body Mass Index, and Marital Status in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in North Indian Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-375
Author(s):  
Fauzia Tabassum ◽  
Hemali Heidi Sinha ◽  
Kavita Dhar ◽  
Chandra Jyoti ◽  
Md Sayeed Akhtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted endocrine disorder in reproductive age having a greater impact on health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The aim of this study was to find out PCOS demographics and its related HRQOL effects for improving psychological understanding in disease management. Materials and Methods: A prospective questionnaire-based study was conducted for a period of twelve months at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India. The data of 100 PCOS cases were collected about socio-demographic status, clinical history, and dietary intake. Then, a validated PCOS questionnaire (PCOSQ) was used to observe the impact of PCOS symptoms on patients’ HRQOL. Results: The overall 57% and 48% of PCOS cases belonged to the age range of 20-30 years and had a body mass index (BMI) of >25-30, respectively. Based on the results, a significant difference was observed in the mean score of PCOSQ vs. marital status in PCOS cases with respect to emotion (P=0.039), body weight (P=0.002), and infertility (P=0.001). Furthermore, the result showed a significant difference in the domain of emotion (P=0.008), body hair (P=0.035), body weight (P<0.001), and infertility (P=0.018) among BMI group, and a high score was observed in the BMI group <18 in comparison to the other groups of BMI. Conclusions: In general, our findings indicated that infertility, emotions, and BMI had extremely higher impacts on the HRQOL of women suffering from PCOS although their educational status failed to affect HRQOL.

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