Performance Evaluation of Time Synchronized Multi Layer-MAC Protocol

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-255
Author(s):  
Manju Khurana ◽  
Manish Kumar Jha
Keyword(s):  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Time Synchronization ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Common Time ◽  
Packet Retransmission ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Application Requirements ◽  
Throughput And Delay

Background & Objective: Patents suggest that time synchronization in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) directs at imparting a common time scale for local clocks of nodes in the network. It has been observed that all hardware clocks are unsynchronized, local clocks of nodes may drift away from each other in time. Hence durations of time intervals may differ for each node in the network. This paper evaluates the performance by suggesting an algorithm for time synchronized MLMAC protocol. Methods: Packet retransmission drains the non-replaceable power source that degrades the network lifetime, one of the major concerns in WSN. Simulation results indicate that time synchronized MLMAC outperforms the existing ML-MAC scheme in terms of both energy efficiency and packets dropped at individual nodes. Results: After Analyzing the results of simulation, network for improved synchronization performs better w.r.t. network lifetime and packets dropped. Throughput and delay are matter of concern which needs to be explored further. Conclusion: Simulation results validate the proposed protocol under various network conditions and application requirements.

Maximizing the Lifetime of Sliding Wireless Sensors in Barrier Coverage

2012 ◽  
Vol 157-158 ◽  
pp. 503-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Yang ◽  
Pan Guo Fan ◽  
De Jun Mu
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Wireless Sensors ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Barrier Coverage ◽  
Coverage Ratio ◽  
Simulation Results

Wireless sensor network is always deployed in specific area for intrusion detection and environmental monitoring. The sensor nodes suffer mostly from their limited battery capacity.Maximizing the lifetime of the entire networks is mainly necessary considered in the design. Sliding the sensors in different barriers under the optimal barrier construction is a good solution for both maximizing network lifetime and providing predetermined coverage ratio. The simulation results demonstrate that the scheme can effectively reduce the energy consumption of the wireless sensor network and increase the network lifetime.

A DEPLOYMENT ALGORITHM FOR UNDERWATER SENSOR NETWORKS IN OCEAN ENVIRONMENT

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (06) ◽  
pp. 1051-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
LINFENG LIU
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Underwater Sensor Networks ◽  
Cluster Shape ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Ocean Environment ◽  
Near Future

Underwater sensor networks will find many oceanic applications in near future, and the deployment problem in 3D sensor networks has not been paid enough attention at present. In order to maximize the network lifetime, a deployment algorithm (UDA) for underwater sensor networks in ocean environment is proposed. UDA can determine and select the best cluster shape, then partition the space into layers and clusters while maintaining full coverage and full connectivity. In addition, nodes closer to sinks are possible to bear a heavier data-relaying mission. UDA sets different node deployment densities at different layers in response to the potential relay discrepancy. The simulation results suggest UDA can choose the proper cluster shape to get the maximum underwater wireless sensor network lifetime approximately.

Self-Correcting Time Synchronization Based on Cross Layer for Wireless Sensor Network

2012 ◽  
Vol 220-223 ◽  
pp. 1871-1876
Author(s):  
Feng Mei Liang ◽  
Bin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Time Synchronization ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Physical Layer ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Cross Layer ◽  
Synchronization Mechanism ◽  
Synchronization Algorithm ◽  
Crystal Oscillation

Due to energy restrictions, node distribution density and hardware computing power etc., the traditional time synchronization mechanism is not suitable for wireless sensor network. The paper discussed the main reason that caused asynchronization and proposed an improved time synchronization algorithm based on cross layer optimization for wireless sensor network. Considering the stability of crystal oscillation and the linearity of crystal deviation in the physical layer, the improved time synchronization mechanism implemented a self-correction by the cross-layer MAC protocol. Estimating the crystal oscillation drift, the crystal deviation had been self-corrected just by a few times data broadcast. The experiment on the MCU Si1000 physical layer platform has demonstrated the practicability of the algorithm. The synchronization algorithm is able to keep a stable network operation in the way of extending the synchronization period and reducing the synchronization cost. The synchronization mechanism is applicable to the active acquisition network, especially the realtime one.

The Analysis of Probability Detection CSMA Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network Based on the Request-Response Mechanism

2014 ◽  
Vol 543-547 ◽  
pp. 3511-3515
Author(s):  
Hong Wei Ding ◽  
Ying Ying Guo ◽  
Jia Guo ◽  
Yuan Long Chen ◽  
Yi Fan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Mathematical Expression ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Response Mechanism ◽  
Transmission Quality ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Mathematical Derivation

This paper presents a new MAC protocol the probability detection CSMA protocol for wireless sensor network based on the request-response mechanism. Builds the corresponding mathematical model using the average cycle method, and get the mathematical expression of systemic throughput through a rigorous mathematical derivation and makes the computer simulations. Simulation results show the correctness of the theoretical analysis and the effectiveness of the protocol; meanwhile, the protocol this paper presents increases the reliability and stability of the system through increasing RTS-CTS request-response mechanism and ACK handshake signal, thereby improving the systems transmission quality.

A Novel Algorithm to Improve Network Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 433-435 ◽  
pp. 599-602
Author(s):  
Rui Ma ◽  
Yan Cheng Liu ◽  
Chuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Hybrid Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Wireless Sensor Nodes ◽  
Sensor Cover ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Local Search Strategy ◽  
Novel Algorithm

One approach to extend the network lifetime is to divide the deployed sensors into disjoint subsets of sensors, or sensor covers, such that each sensor cover can cover all targets and work by turns. The more sensor covers can be found, the longer sensor network lifetime can be prolonged.This study propose a novel hybrid genetic algorithm (NHGA) comprising both basic generic operations with a fitness-improving local-search strategy to divide all wireless sensor nodes into a maximum number of disjoint set covers (DSCs). The simulation results show that NHGA outperforms the existing methods by generating more disjoint set covers and prolongs network lifetime.

scholarly journals Routing of emergency data in a wireless sensor network for mining applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandana Jafarian
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
End To End

Emergency situations in mines result in loss of precious human lives. In this thesis we discussed architecture of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) that can be deployed in mines, which takes care of severe geographical and environmental constraints found inside mines. The proposed architecture is a two-level hierarchy of small sized WSNs that employs a wireless Mesh network as the backbone connecting small sized WSNs scattered inside mines. We proposed a routing protocol for that WSN that is optimized for both emergency and non-emergency data routing. Since our main goal is to provide safety in the mining environment, the main consideration of the routing protocol is to provide reliability and reduce the end-to-end delay for vital emergency traffic while optimizing for network longevity for non-emergency traffic. We present a new cost-based routing protocol called MDML, which provides Minimum Delay and Maximum Lifetime routing for such networks. The proposed MDML routing defines separate cost metrics for emergency and non-emergency traffic. It finds the least-cost path for the reliable delay-constrained emergency traffic with regards to link error rate but also gives secondary consideration to nodes' residual energy. It is an energy efficient routing scheme for non-emergency or regular data traffic routing that maximizes the network lifetime. However, for emergency traffic energy efficiency is compromised to achieving minimal delay. Regular traffic is generated through periodic monitoring and is delay-insensitive. For regular traffic delivery, a shortest path routinig algorithm is employed which uses link costs that reflect both the communication energy consumption rates and the residual energy levels at the two end nodes. Simulation results show that using the proposed emergency routes reduces the end-to-end delay for emergency traffic. The effect of protocol update cycle on increasing the network lifetime is verified true simulation. MDML is also compared with a simulated non-MDML approach to compare the lifetime and delay performance. Simulation results have demonstrated the effectiveness of our approach.

Adaptive WSN MAC Protocol Based on Mixing Broadcast

2011 ◽  
Vol 474-476 ◽  
pp. 517-521
Author(s):  
Xin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Data Frame ◽  
Network Layer ◽  
Network Parameters ◽  
Simulation Results

MAC protocol of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) requires high efficiency to achieve maximum traffic transmission, while pursuit high reliability at the same time. The paper researched on reliable mixing broadcast implementation manner of WSN. Based on analysis on implementation manners of broadcast, unicast and mixing broadcast, a kind of adaptive MAC protocol supporting reliable mixing broadcast was presented. The protocol dynamically select implementation manner with maximum mixing broadcast efficiency based on given network parameters to complete transmission of data frame. Simulation results based on NS2 shows that the protocol has better performance to achieve reliable mixing broadcast, which solve problems of reliable broadcast/multicast at network layer.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Zone-Based Routing with Hierarchical Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Rab Nawaz Jadoon ◽  
WuYang Zhou ◽  
Iftikhar Ahmed Khan ◽  
Muhammad Amir Khan ◽  
Shahbaz Akhtar Abid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Hierarchical Routing ◽  
Battery Power ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Static Clustering

Routing remains a most challenging task in sensor networks because of constrained resources like battery power, processing, and memory. Many energy efficiency techniques for the sensor networks have been proposed, among which hierarchical routing is considered the most energy-efficient and extended network lifetime technique. This technique has a lesser number of transmissions in the network. On the contrary, zone-based routing claims lesser control and routing overhead on the overall network lifetime. In this research, a simulation-based comparison of zone-based routing with static clustering hierarchical routing is conducted. The simulation results show that the zone-based routing outperforms hierarchical routing with static clustering in terms of energy efficiency, network lifetime, and throughput.

Simulation Research on MAC Layer Protocol Base on OPNET Modeler

2014 ◽  
Vol 945-949 ◽  
pp. 2349-2352
Author(s):  
Yong Ming Mao ◽  
Dong Wei Zhang ◽  
Feng Long Kan
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Mac Layer ◽  
Simulation Research ◽  
Information Delay ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
End To End ◽  
Average Energy Consumption

Modeling and simulation of MAC layer protocols for wireless sensor networks was realized, including WOO-MAC, IEEE802.11 and S-MAC base on OPNET Modeler. On three aspects performance of the average end-to-end information delay, the end-to-end throughput and the average energy consumption, the simulation results were analyzed and research. And the results base on WOO-MAC protocol showed better performance than IEEE802.11 and S-MAC.

Wireless Mine Plastic Pipeline Monitoring System

2013 ◽  
Vol 339 ◽  
pp. 199-204
Author(s):  
Ze Hua Wu ◽  
Xue En Li ◽  
Kang Ping Yao ◽  
Li Geng Yu
Keyword(s):  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Time Synchronization ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Pipeline Transportation ◽  
Svm Algorithm ◽  
Pipeline Monitoring ◽  
Special Environment ◽  
Monitoring Application

In the pipeline transportation, pipeline deformation often occurs. In the special environment, the mine-used gas pipeline often deforms because of the too high gas pressure or the blockage. This paper presents a system for monitoring the deformation of gas pipeline based on wireless sensor network. The multifunctional and low-power WSN nodes are designed, and the system adopts chain routing. The MAC protocol, based on TDMA in clusters and RTC-based time synchronization, is adapted to the system. At the same time, the paper proposes the SVM algorithm to diagnostic pipeline deformation fault. The test proves the system can fulfill the need of real monitoring, and achieves good results in remote monitoring application.

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