scholarly journals Preface: A SPECIAL ISSUE ON PROGRESS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-154
Author(s):  
Mingjin Chu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Progressive Collapse ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Shear Wall ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Wide Range

The Open Civil Engineering Journal, which is one of the most relevant international journals in civil engineering area, wishes to promote the latest researches in engineering structures. This special issue contains 8 invited outstanding articles covering a wide range of topics. We have assembled recent studies in the field of several typical structures, attempting to provide a glimpse into the wide range of engineering problems. It is expected that the special issue will benefit researchers and engineers who are interested in the design of protective structures and stimulate the research interests in this important an d promising area of civil engineering. A brief overview of each article published in this special issue is provided here. In “Experimental Study on Assembled Monolithic Concrete Shear Walls Built with Precast Two-way Hollow Slabs” , Zhijuan Sun et al. present a quasi-static experiment on one reinforced concrete shear wall and two shear walls built with precast two-way hollow slab. Test result shows that the new type of shear walls experienced the loading process from the whole wall to the portioned wall due to the internal and vertical joints of the wall body, which can be applied in practical construction. In “Study on Metering Scheme of Seismic Experiment for Shear Wall Built with Precast Hollow Slab” , Zhijuan Sun et al. present the measuring scheme of shear wall deformation and steel strain. The special mechanical characteristic of the shear wall built with precast two-way hollow slab is the relative deformation of the concrete on both sides of vertical joint. The study shows that the measuring methods of shear wall deformation and relative deformation are reasonable and feasible. In “Experimental Study on Precast Concrete Shear Walls with Different Hollow Slabs” , Qinyan Zhao et al. present a test on two shear walls built with precast two-way hollow slab with different details. The study shows that brittle shear failure can be avoided and the failure behaviors tend to evolve from integral wall to the combination of wall and columns. Also, compressive capacity of walls can be affected by the dimension of transverse holes. In “Test Study on Strength and Permeability Properties of Lime -Fly Ash Loess Under Freeze-Thaw Cycles”, Zhiquan Zhang and Yufen Zhang present a study on the engineering behaviors of lime-fly ash loess using uniaxial compressive test, fast direct shearing test and permeability test. Test data show that uniaxial compressive strength of lime-fly ash loess has good water stability and freeze-thaw stability, and can be applied in permafrost subgrade. In “Unloading Phenomena Characteristics in Brittle Rock Masses by A Large-scale Excavation in Dam Foundation”, Changgen Yan et al. investigate a large-scale excavation around the foundation of the dam. The characteristics of unloading rock masses were described with the acoustic wave velocity monitoring method. The unloading deformation has a direct temporal dependence, and increases quickly during the first 90 days, then with a slower rate from 90 to 180 days, and after that the unloading deformation will be small enough to be neglected In “A Review on Progressive Collapse of Building Structures” , Hao Wang et al. assess the recent studies on the progressive collapse of building structures from experimental study, numerical simulation and theoretical analysis. The design methods to prevent progressive collapse for building structures are also discussed. In “Damage Identification of Continuous Rigid Frame Concrete Bridge”, Shengnan Huang et al. present a large-scale experimental study on safety monitoring methodology for continuous rigid frame concrete bridge. Two load stages and ten different load steps were simulated to test various scenario of long-term loading and different levels of overload. Curva ture mode method was adopted to detect the damage during the exercises. In addition, the Finite-Element Analysis (FEA) was utilized, and the experimental recurring was verified positively through FEA model. In “Corrosion Monitoring Using Embedded Piezoelectric Sensors”, Lei Qin et al. develop a new type of corrosion detection technique for reinforced concrete. The technique used piezoelectric sensors to detect the ultrasonic signals during corrosion. The state of bonding layer of concrete and steel bar could be monitored. It can also detect the initial of corrosion and cracking of bonding layer. I am grateful to all the authors and reviewers for the contribution and support during the course of editing this special issue. Their prompt responses have made it possible for us to publish this special issue on time.

Behaviour of slender concrete shear walls with high-strength reinforcement under reversed cyclic loading.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Aghniaey ◽  
Murat Saatcioglu ◽  
Hassan Aoude
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Shear Wall ◽  
Analytical Investigation ◽  
Seismic Behaviour ◽  
Drift Capacity ◽  
Lateral Drift ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Reversed Cyclic

Research on seismic behaviour of shear walls with high-strength steel is limited. A combined experimental and analytical investigation was conducted to assess seismic behaviour of flexure-dominant shear walls. A large-scale concrete shear wall with Grade 690 MPa (ASTM A1035) reinforcement and 84 MPa concrete was tested under simulated seismic loading. The wall was a ¼ -scale of a 6-storey shear wall, with 4.53 m height and 1.45 m length. It sustained a lateral drift of 1.8% prior to developing failure due to the rupturing of longitudinal reinforcement. This is 35% less than the drift capacity of a companion wall reinforced with 400 MPa reinforcement tested earlier. VecTor2 software was used to conduct an analytical parametric study to expand the experimental findings. The results indicate that the reinforcement grade has a significant impact on strength, ductility and hysteretic behaviour of shear walls.

Pottery Complex of the Second Half 13th – First Half 15th Centuries from Excavations in Kamianets-Podilskyi

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (6) ◽  
pp. 136-179
Author(s):  
Pavlo Nechytaylo ◽  
◽  
Olena Onohda ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Culture Development

The paper analyses ceramics and buildings remains of the second half 13th – first half 15th centuries, coming from excavations in Kamianets-Podilskyi. It aims to introduce materials into scientific circulation, to compare the collection with synchronous objects from adjacent territories, to trace interactions in the material culture development in late medieval towns. Ceramics of the Golden Horde and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania times began to be systematically researched relatively recently in Ukraine. Thus, the materials from Kamianets-Podilskyi contribute to deepening our knowledge of less-known periods in the history of Ukraine and Eastern Europe. Materials analyzed were obtained during rescue archaeological research on the Polish Market square in Kamianets. These were fragmented parts of underground and aboveground building structures, as well as a collection of various household items. Building materials were mostly local clays and loam, less often wood and stone were used. A set of clay ‘roll’ blocks set in one of the pits allows us to assume similarity with the Golden Horde building technologies. Finds of coins and Crimean polychrome bowls fragments also indicate the complex emerged during the Golden Horde period. However, certain groups of pottery and coins of European minting define the complex upper date within the first half 15th century. Diverse ceramic types range from the complex is an interesting local typological phenomenon. It reflects mutual influences of the pottery traditions development both in time and space. After processing artefacts collection, the main groups of pottery were identified according to technological features. Some of them are rooted in the local ancient Rus’ traditions, others were formed under the influence of Western trends, while samples of a ‘specific’ group were common for almost the entire territory of modern Ukraine during Late Middle Ages. Pots collection was preliminary systematized up to 5 most common types selection, based on rim profiles. Many of them have a wide range of analogies, locally from Kamianets, as well as from the Western Ukraine, in Poland, Moldova and Romania. In addition to pots, the collection includes other types of kitchen and tableware, such as makitras, lids, jars and other single samples of ceramics. The typological diversity correlates with the multi-layered processes which took place in Kamianets-Podilskyi life during the Golden Horde and the Lithuanian periods. Materials from the complex, as well as other finds from synchronous objects within the city, deepen our understanding of the city’s development large-scale picture, which, however, requires further research.

Cometary evolution and cryovolcanism 1This article is part of a Special issue that honours the work of Dr. Donald M. Hunten FRSC who passed away in December 2010 after a very illustrious career.

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 807-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J.S. Belton
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Apparent Absence ◽  
Cometary Nuclei ◽  
Evolutionary Hypothesis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Cometary Activity

Recent space observations of cometary nuclei show evidence of internal (cryovolcanic) activity while retaining aspects of their primitive origins. Using discoveries made during the two most recent cometary encounters: EPOXI at 103P/Hartley 2 and Stardust-NExT at 9P/Tempel 1, we test a hypothesis for their physical evolution, which, if true, could provide a unified basis for understanding the relative ages of their surfaces and the causes of a wide range of cometary activity. We show: (i) that the categorization of 103P/Hartley 2 as hyperactive is not a reflection of the extent of activity over the surface of the nucleus for which we find a normal H2O production rate; (ii) that the heterogeneous spatial distribution of CO2 and H2O in the inner comae of 9P/Tempel 1 and 103P/Hartley 2 is best explained by processes associated with cometary activity rather than the presence of primitive compositional heterogeneities in the nucleus; and (iii) that most of the quasi-circular depressions seen on the surface of 9P/Tempel are the result of outburst activity. The apparent absence of circular depressions and large scale layering on 103P/Hartley 2 present a challenge to the evolutionary hypothesis although the small size of its nucleus may ultimately provide an explanation.

scholarly journals Structure and Biodiversity of Rhodolith Seabeds: A Special Issue

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Tuya
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Decapod Crustaceans ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Associated Fauna ◽  
Climate Fluctuations ◽  
Wide Range

Rhodolith seabeds function as ‘ecosystems engineers’, which globally provide a range of ‘ecosystem services’. However, knowledge on the structure, composition and distribution of rhodolith seabeds is still lacking. This Special Issue comprises six articles, addressing specific questions of rhodolith seabeds, and covering a wide range of topics. Two papers provide new large-scale information on the presence, structure and distribution of rhodolith beds at two southern hemisphere areas, in particular continental shelfs off South Africa and Brazil. Another two studies contributed to the discovery on new algal species from rhodolith beds, including Sporolithon franciscanum, a new rhodolith-forming species from Brazil, and the small benthic alga Schizocladia ischiensis. In terms of associated fauna, the taxonomic composition and patterns of abundance of decapod crustaceans are described in another article, including the description of a depth-partitioning in the abundance of juveniles and adults of the crab Nanocassiope melanodactylus. Rhodoliths are often present in fossilized deposits, so we can track changes in their presence with climate fluctuations. High temperatures during the Eocene and widespread oligotrophic conditions are finally connected with low abundances of rhodolith beds at mid and high latitudes, despite a larger presence at equatorial regions.

Experimental Study on Shear Resistance of Precast RC Shear Walls with Novel Bundled Connections

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 1940002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Chen ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Jian Feng ◽  
Zhe Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Shear Wall ◽  
Shear Resistance ◽  
Lower Wall ◽  
Yield Load ◽  
Steel Bars ◽  
Wall Panels ◽  
Peak Value

This study presents shear resistance of precast reinforced concrete (RC) shear walls. A novel assembling method for upper and lower wall panels is proposed, whereas vertical steel bars are grouped into bundles and effectively connected in preformed holes. To evaluate the feasibility and shear resistance of such a connection method, three specimens of precast shear walls with different horizontal steel bars have been constructed and tested under monotonic loading while subjected to a constant vertical compression. The results show that cracks mainly appear under the line that connects the midpoint of tension side and the corner of the compression side. The weak section of these shear walls is at the top of the preformed holes, and through cracks do not appear at the bottom of walls. These innovative precast shear walls are reliable, and no rebar is pulled out or seriously slipped. The yield load of the shear wall is great, and the stage between yield and failure is satisfactory. The bearing capacity declines slowly after the peak value.

scholarly journals EFFICIENT THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELLING OF HIGH-RISE BUILDING STRUCTURES

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 811-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Jameel ◽  
A. B. M. Saiful Islam ◽  
Mohammed Khaleel ◽  
Aslam Amirahmad
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Shear Wall ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Structural Behaviour ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Structural Responses ◽  
Wall Openings ◽  
Storey Building

A multi-storey building is habitually modelled as a frame structure which neglects the shear wall/slab openings along with the inclusion of staircases. Furthermore, the structural strength provided by shear walls and slabs is not precisely incorporated. With increasing building height, the effect of lateral loads on a high-rise structure increases substantially. Inclusion of shear walls and slabs with the frame leads to improved lateral stiffness. Besides, their openings may play imperative role in the structural behaviour of such buildings. In this study, 61 multi-storey building configurations have been modelled. Corresponding analyses are performed to cope with the influence of shear walls, slabs, wall openings, masonry walls and staircases in addition to frame modelling. The finite element approach is used in modelling and analysis. Structural responses in each elemental combination are evaluated through equivalent static and free vibration analyses. The assessment reveals that inclusion of only slab components with frame modelling contributes trivial improvement on structural performance. Conversely, the presence of shear wall slabs with frame improves the performance noticeably. Increasing wall openings decreases the structural responses. Furthermore, it is not recommended to model staircases in addition to frame–slab–shear wall modelling, unless the effect of wall openings and slab openings is adequately considered.

Special Issue on “What can We do for Developing Search and Rescue Robot?”

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-435
Author(s):  
Koichi Osuka
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Response System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Response Systems ◽  
Rescue Robots

As a disaster-prone country, Japan has endured many earthquake disasters. The latest cases include the 1995 Great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake disaster, the 2004 Niigata Chuetsu earthquake, and the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake. Since the 1995 Great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake in particular, many robot researchers have started undertaking the research and development of rescue robots. Their practical applications have a long way to go, so to continue ongoing robot research and development, we should also be aware that comparatively few researchers and engineers are actually engaged in such research and development. Great earthquakes (or tsunami) are both rare and unpredictable, which makes it very difficult to establish research policies for rescue robots intended for specialized use in disaster response. We should also realize that Japan is almost constantly hit by one or another every year – e.g., the typhoons that hit Japan directly every year and themselves triggering other disasters caused by landslides or avalanches due to heavy rainfall. The Japanese populace is so accustomed to such happenings but, nevertheless, few actions have been taken unlike those against large-scale earthquakes. It is often said that an effective disaster response system can only be developed after we have experienced many actual disasters. It then occurs to us that we must first construct disaster response systems – rescue robots, etc. – directly targeting daily natural disasters. Any large-scale disaster response system can be built on such constant efforts. On the other hand, any disaster response system against daily natural disasters could only be developed by locally domiciled researchers and engineers. This makes us feel that it is possible to increase the number of personnel who become involved in disaster response research and development. Based on the above context, this special issue provides a wide range of articles on region-specific disasters and disaster response actions, focusing on their localities and specialties. We sincerely hope that this special issue will help in promoting research and development on rescue robots and putting them to practical use.

Experimental Study of Glued Laminated Guadua Bamboo Panel as an Alternative Shear Wall Sheathing Material

2012 ◽  
Vol 517 ◽  
pp. 164-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Francisco Correal ◽  
Sebastian Varela
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Shear Wall ◽  
Past Study ◽  
Full Size ◽  
Frame Buildings ◽  
Wood Frame

Wood frame buildings have shown good performance on past earthquakes mainly because the lateral system of those buildings was able to dissipate energy without significant loss of lateral capacity. Typically, the lateral load resisting system is provided by wood shear walls, which consist of a wood frame sheathed with wood or wood-based composites, such as Plywood or OSB panels. Taking into account the increasing forest demand for wood, there is a global need to find alternative energy-efficient, renewable and eco-friendly construction materials. Giant bamboo like Guadua Angustifolia kunt emerges as an interesting construction material, since it has a fast growing rate (3 to 4 years), high strength to weight ratio and high carbon (CO2) capture capabilities. Results of a past study conducted at the Universidad de los Andes in Bogotá-Colombia reported that Glued Laminated Guadua Bamboo (GLG) has mechanical properties comparable to those of the best structural timbers in Colombia. Potential applications of GLG include not only laminated beams and columns, but also structural panels to be used as a sheathing material for wood frame shear walls. A comprehensive experimental study has been performed on GLG sheathed shear walls in order to find an alternative sheathing material for wood frame buildings as well as to explore their possible application for residential and/or commercial construction in Colombia. A series of tests were conducted on full-size shear wall specimens in order to study the influence of the wall aspect ratio and the edge nail spacing on the shear wall performance. Based on cyclic tests on shear walls, it was found that the stiffness and maximum load carrying capacity of the wall increases as edge nail spacing decreases. In contrast, the displacement ductility capacity decreases, since the rotation of the panels is restricted when the edge nail spacing is reduced. Experimental results also revealed that stiffness, maximum load capacity, and ductility of the GLG sheathed shear walls are not affected by the aspect ratio of the wall. The final stage of the present study included dynamic shake-table tests on full-size one and two-story housing units using GLG sheathed shear walls. Results showed that the units had similar performance characteristics to those of OSB and Plywood sheathed shear walls, and it was concluded that wood-GLG combination could be a viable construction alternative from a structural point of view.

scholarly journals A Review on Progressive Collapse of Building Structures

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wang ◽  
Anqi Zhang ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
Weiming Yan
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Progressive Collapse ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Collapse Mechanism ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Collapse Behavior ◽  
Element Method

Progressive collapse of building structures is generally triggered by a local failure due to accidental actions, followed by subsequent chain effect of the structures which may result in wide range failure or even collapse of the entire buildings. Since the “911” event, progressive collapse of building structures has been widely concerned by engineers and researchers. This paper assesses the current researches on this issue from experimental study, numerical simulation and theoretical analysis. Given the limitation of costs and difficulties of experimental tests, the experimental studies investigate the collapse mechanism, such as development of stress/strain and damage/failure of materials, mainly via the scaled down specimens of structural components and substructures. On the other hand, the collapse behavior of entire building structures is analyzed via the numerical methods, such as the finite element method and the discrete element method. Further, the collapse resistance demand and the robustness assessment for building structures are theoretically studied in depth in which the simplified theoretical models of the collapse-resisting demand and the collapse risk assessment are proposed respectively. At last, the design method to prevent progressive collapse for building structures is also discussed.

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