Serum Alkaline Phosphatase and Calcium in Relation to Periodontal Status among Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women

Background: Menopause is a physiological phenomenon that occurs in aging women. Periodontal disease is associated with menopausal status. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) plays a role in general and periodontal bone turnover. Calcium is essential for the maintenance of bone and teeth, and serum ALP and calcium are specific bone markers related to the acceleration of bone mass loss in elderly women and periodontitis. Objectives: The aim of this study was to correlate the levels of serum ALP and calcium with periodontal status in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with periodontitis. Methods: A total of 22 perimenopausal and 49 postmenopausal women underwent a full periodontal examination assessing the pocket depth, number of teeth lost, clinical attachment loss, plaque index, calculus index, and papillary bleeding index. Using these measurements, the subjects were divided according to periodontal severity. Serum ALP and calcium were measured using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. A correlation between serum ALP and calcium to periodontal status was investigated. Results: Serum ALP was significantly correlated with the severity of periodontitis, clinical attachment loss, and the number of teeth lost among perimenopausal and postmenopausal women (p < 0.05). Serum calcium levels were not correlated with periodontal status. Conclusion: Postmenopausal women tended to have more periodontal breakdown, and the level of serum ALP was increased in severe periodontitis.

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Reduced Bone Stiffness in Women Is Associated with Clinical Attachment and Tooth Loss

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/0022034516666491 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 95 (13) ◽

pp. 1464-1471 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J.L. Silveira ◽

M. Albers ◽

D.M. Vargas ◽

E.T. Santa Helena ◽

C.M. Cordova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Tooth Loss ◽

Premenopausal Women ◽

Median Number ◽

Population Based ◽

Stiffness Index ◽

Clinical Attachment Loss ◽

Bone Stiffness ◽

Number Of Teeth ◽

The Mean

The authors evaluated the association of reduced bone stiffness of the calcaneus with clinical attachment loss (CAL) and tooth loss. The authors analyzed data from 4,678 subjects (2,384 women), aged 20 to 88 y, from the second follow-up of the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-2) and the baseline examination of the SHIP-Trend cohort. Bone stiffness, characterized by the stiffness index (SI) and the osteoporotic fracture risk (OFR), was assessed by quantitative ultrasound of the heel. SI and OFR were significantly associated with the mean CAL in women. While 1) the SI showed a significant association with the mean CAL and 2) the OFR with the median number of teeth in just the postmenopausal women, the OFR showed a significant association with mean CAL for both pre- and postmenopausal women. In postmenopausal women, a 10-unit increase in the SI was associated with a decrease in the mean CAL of 0.05 mm (95% confidence interval [CI]: –0.10 to 0.00; P = 0.046). Moreover, the adjusted median number of teeth was 21.4 (95% CI: 20.9 to 21.9) among the postmenopausal women with a low OFR, while it was 19.1 (95% CI: 17.8 to 20.3; P = 0.001) among the postmenopausal women with a high OFR. For the premenopausal women with a low OFR, the mean CAL was 1.60 mm (95% CI: 1.53 to 1.66), while for the premenopausal women with a high OFR, it was 2.24 mm (95% CI: 1.78 to 2.69; P = 0.006). Reduced bone stiffness was associated with clinical attachment and tooth loss in women but not in men.

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Bone Density and Clinical Periodontal Attachment in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/0022034516682017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 96 (3) ◽

pp. 261-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

D.C. Penoni ◽

T.K.S. Fidalgo ◽

S.R. Torres ◽

V.M. Varela ◽

D. Masterson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Qualitative Synthesis ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Clinical Attachment Loss ◽

Attachment Loss ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Periodontal Attachment

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and has been considered a risk factor for periodontal disease. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to verify the scientific evidence for the association of periodontal attachment loss with low BMD in postmenopausal women. A systematic search of the literature was performed in databases until August 2016, in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Eligibility criteria included studies that compared clinical attachment loss (CAL) between postmenopausal women with low and normal BMD. Studies using similar methodology, with lower and higher risk of bias, were pooled into 3 different meta-analyses to compare CAL among women with normal BMD, osteoporosis, and osteopenia. In the first meta-analysis, mean CAL was compared among groups. In the other 2 meta-analyses, the mean percentages of sites with CAL ≥4 mm and ≥6 mm were respectively compared among groups. From 792 unique citations, 26 articles were selected for the qualitative synthesis. Eleven of the studies were appraised as presenting low risk of bias, and the association between low BMD and CAL was observed in 10 of these studies. Thirteen cross-sectional articles were included in the meta-analysis for osteoporosis and 9 in the osteopenia analysis. Women with low BMD presented greater mean CAL than those with normal BMD (osteoporosis = 0.34 mm [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.20–0.49], P < 0.001; osteopenia = 0.07 mm [95% CI, 0.01–0.13], P = 0.02). Only studies with lower risk of bias were available for the analysis of CAL severity. Women with low BMD presented more severe attachment loss, represented as mean percentage of sites with CAL ≥4 mm (osteoporosis = 3.04 [95% CI, 1.23–4.85], P = 0.001; osteopenia = 1.74 [95% CI, 0.36–3.12], P = 0.01) and CAL ≥6 mm (osteoporosis = 5.07 [95% CI, 2.74–7.40], P < 0.001). This systematic review and meta-analysis indicates that postmenopausal women with osteoporosis or osteopenia may exhibit greater CAL compared with women with normal BMD.

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Comparative Evaluation of Periodontal Status of Chronic Renal Failure Patients and Systemically Healthy Individuals

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2261 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 324-330 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Radhika Gupta ◽

Uttam Kumar ◽

Siddharth Mallapragada ◽

Pallavi Agarwal

Keyword(s):

Renal Failure ◽

Chronic Renal Failure ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Comparative Evaluation ◽

Renal Dialysis ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Clinical Attachment Loss ◽

Periodontal Status ◽

Attachment Loss

ABSTRACT Aim Periodontitis, a chronic infectious disease, affects most of the population at one time or the other and its expression is a combination of hosts, microbial agents, and environmental factors. Extensive literature exists for the relationship between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Only a few studies performed in a limited number of patients have reported periodontal health status in chronic renal failure patients. Hence, the aim of the present study is to assess and compare the periodontal status of patients with chronic renal failure undergoing dialysis, predialysis with systemically healthy individuals. Materials and methods A total of 90 patients were divided into three groups. Group I: 30 renal dialysis patients. Group II: 30 predialysis patients. Control group comprised 30 systemically healthy patients who formed group III. Periodontal examination was carried out using oral hygiene index-simplified (OHI-S), plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth, and clinical attachment loss. Results The results of the study showed that the periodontal status of patients with chronic renal failure undergoing dialysis (dialysis group) and patients with chronic renal failure not undergoing renal dialysis (predialysis) when compared with systemically healthy subjects showed significantly higher mean scores of OHI-S, PI, and clinical attachment loss. Conclusion Thus, patients with chronic renal failure showed poor oral hygiene and higher prevalence of periodontal disease. Clinical significance The dental community’s awareness of implications of poor health within chronic renal failure patients should be elevated. How to cite this article Gupta R, Kumar U, Mallapragada S, Agarwal P. Comparative Evaluation of Periodontal Status of Chronic Renal Failure Patients and Systemically Healthy Individuals. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(3):324-330.

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EVALUATION OF SALIVARY ENZYMES IN POST MENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH AND WITHOUT PERIODONTITIS

Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1703840 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 04 (04) ◽

pp. 088-091

Author(s):

Santhosh Shenoy B. ◽

Prajnya Shenoy ◽

Avaneendra Talwar ◽

Biju Thomas ◽

K.S. Sharath ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Inflammatory Response ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Dental Plaque ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Periodontal Status ◽

Menopausal Women ◽

Post Menopausal

Abstract Aim: To compare the levels of Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in post-menopausal women with and without periodontitis Methodology: A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted. A total of 50 postmenopausal women were recruited and categorized into two groups based on their periodontal status. Their salivary samples were collected and subjected to Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) estimation in the laboratory Results: The activity of LDH and ALP were significantly higher in the post-menopausal women with periodontitis than those without periodontitis. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated post-menopausal women may have exaggerated inflammatory response to dental plaque.

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Changes in Serum Calcium, Albumin and Alkaline Phosphatase Levels of Postmenopausal Women

Community Based Medical Journal ◽

10.3329/cbmj.v8i2.55769 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 30-35

Author(s):

Kamana Rani Saha ◽

Susmita Das ◽

Shahidul Islam ◽

AHM Hasan ◽

Rafika Afrose ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Serum Calcium ◽

Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Colorimetric Method ◽

Medical College Hospital ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

College Hospital ◽

Medical College ◽

Increased Risk

A case-control cross-sectional study was carried out to observe the changes in serum calcium, albumin and alkaline phosphatase levels of postmenopausal women compared to their premenopausal counterparts. This is to enable us ascertain the relative risk of developing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in Bangladesh. One hundred and eighteen (118) apparently healthy females (59 premenopausal=control and 59 postmenopausal=case) were selected for the study. The study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Mymensingh Medical College in cooperation with the Department of Gynecology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital and Community Based Medical College Hospital Bangladesh during the period from January to December 2009. Data were collected through clinical evaluation from pre-selected questionnaires. Fasting venous blood samples were taken for laboratory investigations. Serum calcium and albumin was determined using colorimetric method and enzymatic end point method was used to determine serum alkaline phosphatase levels. Statistical significance of difference between two groups were evaluated by using Student's unpaired 't' test with the help of SPSS software package. The results showed statistically significant decrease in serum calcium and albumin (p<0.01) of menopausal women compared to reproductive age group. The postmenopausal women had significantly higher (p<0.01) concentrations of serum alkaline phosphatase than the premenopausal women with regular menstruation. Therefore, it can be concluded that menopause leads to the increased risk of osteoporosis by decreasing serum calcium and albumin and by increasing alkaline phosphatase levels. The decreased serum calcium and increased alkaline phosphatase levels indicate that menopause is an independent risk factor for developing osteoporosis in women of Bangladesh. CBMJ 2019 July: Vol. 08 No. 02 P: 30-35

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