scholarly journals Weed Control, Environmental Impact and Profitability of Two-Pass Weed Management Strategies in Glyphosate-Resistant Corn

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
N. Soltani ◽  
R.E. Nurse ◽  
C. L. Gillard ◽  
P.H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Residual Herbicide

Twelve field trials were conducted over a three-year period (2010, 2011, 2012) at different locations in southwestern Ontario, Canada to compare various two-pass weed management strategies in glyphosate-resistant corn for crop injury, weed control, environmental impact, corn yield and profit margin. No visible injury resulted from the herbicide treatments evaluated. One early postemergence (EPOST) application of glyphosate provided good full season control of pigweed species and lady's thumb and fair control of velvetleaf, common ragweed, lamb's-quarters, barnyard grass and green foxtail. One late postemergence (LPOST) application of glyphosate provided excellent control of all weed species evaluated but corn yield was reduced due to early weed interference. The sequential application of glyphosate (EPOST fb LPOST) provided excellent control of all weed species evaluated with no adverse effect on corn yield. The sequential application of a preemergence residual herbicide followed by an application of glyphosate LPOST provided excellent full season control of all weed species evaluated and corn yield was equal to the weed free control. Among the sequential herbicide programs the lowest environmental impact was glyphosate EPOST fb LPOST and saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p, isoxaflutole + atrazine or rimsulfuron + s-metolachlor + dicamba applied PRE fb glyphosate LPOST. Based on this study, the most efficacious and profitable weed management programs in glyphosate-resistant corn are a sequential application of glyphosate or a two-pass program of a preemergence residual herbicide followed by glyphosate LPOST. The two-pass programs have glyphosate stewardship benefits.

Weed Control, Environmental Impact, and Economics of Weed Management Strategies in Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christie L. Stewart ◽  
Robert E. Nurse ◽  
Laura L. Van Eerd ◽  
Richard J. Vyn ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
The One ◽  
Gross Margins ◽  
Herbicide Programs

With the number of glyphosate-resistant weed species increasing in North America and a lack of new herbicide chemistries being developed, growers are shifting toward using older herbicides that are more expensive and may be less environmentally friendly. Therefore, to determine which weed management strategies are most cost effective and have the lowest impact on the environment we evaluated the efficacy, environmental impact, and the profitability of several weed management strategies in glyphosate-resistant soybean over a 3-yr period (2007 to 2009) at three locations in southwestern Ontario, Canada. No visible injury to soybean was observed with the herbicide treatments evaluated. A sequential application of glyphosate consistently provided high levels of weed control (99 to 100%) at 56 d after treatment in comparison with one- or two-pass herbicide programs. Soybean yield did not differ between the two-pass herbicide programs and glyphosate applied early POST; however, a yield benefit was found with a sequential application of glyphosate or a PRE herbicide followed by glyphosate compared with glyphosate applied only at late POST. The two-pass herbicide programs had higher environmental impact (EI) (> 23) than the one-pass herbicide programs (< 15), except when imazethapyr was followed by or tank-mixed with glyphosate, which had an equivalent EI (∼ 14) to the one-pass herbicide programs. Not surprisingly because of the low purchase price of glyphosate, gross margins were highest for treatments that included glyphosate. However, to reduce the selection pressure on glyphosate-resistant weed biotypes, to reduce environmental impact, and to increase gross margins a combination of glyphosate with another mode of action would be most beneficial. In this study glyphosate + imazethapyr was the best alternative to a sequential two-pass glyphosate program.

Integration of Oxyfluorfen into Strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa) Weed Management Programs

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Daugovish ◽  
Steven A. Fennimore ◽  
Maren J. Mochizuki
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Hairy Nightshade ◽  
Labor Inputs ◽  
Hand Weeding

Field trials were conducted at three California locations near Oxnard, Salinas, and Watsonville from 2002 to 2006 to evaluate broadleaf weed control and tolerance of strawberry to oxyfluorfen. Oxyfluorfen applied at 0.3 and 0.6 kg/ha before strawberry transplanting reduced densities of broadleaf weeds such as California burclover, hairy nightshade, little mallow, shepherd's-purse, and yellow sweetclover 70 to 100% compared with nontreated plots but did not control horseweed. Oxyfluorfen application resulted in 9% and 19% greater visible injury to strawberry for the two rates, respectively, compared with nontreated plants in 1 yr but did not reduce strawberry yield. After oxyfluorfen application at 0.6 kg/ha, strawberry plants had 5 to 48% more injury than nontreated plants in subsequent years but early-season yields were similar. Hand-weeding time was reduced 30 to 50% compared with nontreated plots regardless of oxyfluorfen rate. Both water-based and solvent-carrier formulations of oxyfluorfen resulted in similar weed control, strawberry injury, and fruit yield. Plastic mulch installation after oxyfluorfen application but before planting reduced injury to strawberry more than 50% compared with nonmulched beds. Oxyfluorfen applied 30 d before strawberry transplanting had similar crop injury and yield to applications made 15 and 7 d before planting. These results suggest that oxyfluorfen can be used safely in California plasticulture strawberry production for control of common weed species and to reduce labor inputs associated with hand weeding.

scholarly journals Efficacy of the herbicide GF-2581 (penoxsulam + florasulam) against broadleaf weeds in olives

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 574-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travlos IS ◽  
M. Lysandrou ◽  
V. Apostolidis
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Control Management

Effective weed control in perennial crops is a challenge due to the limited availability of registered herbicides and herbicide resistance. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the herbicide GF-2581 (penoxsulam + florasulam) on broadleaf weeds in comparison with other commonly used herbicides. Field trials were conducted in olives, in Etoloakarnania (Agrinio region) for two years (2012 and 2013). Efficacy assessments were made at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after treatment. The GF-2581 formulation provided excellent control of a broad spectrum of broadleaf weed species. The long-term control of Sonchus oleraceous, Conyza canadensis and Stellaria media, provided by GF-2581 during the growing season was significantly greater than that using flumioxazin. When combined with glyphosate or diquat, the level of control of these three weeds was improved. The GF-2581 agent applied pre-emergence followed 14 days later by application of glyphosate provided 100% control in 2012. Lower efficacy levels were observed in 2013 and may have been the result of higher rainfall when compared to 2012. GF-2581 is an effective herbicide product to control broadleaf weeds, as a part of integrated weed control management strategies in olives.

Alternatives to Atrazine for Weed Management in Processing Sweet Corn

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zubeyde Filiz Arslan ◽  
Martin M. Williams ◽  
Roger Becker ◽  
Vincent A. Fritz ◽  
R. Ed Peachey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Production Areas

Atrazine has been the most widely used herbicide in North American processing sweet corn for decades; however, increased restrictions in recent years have reduced or eliminated atrazine use in certain production areas. The objective of this study was to identify the best stakeholder-derived weed management alternatives to atrazine in processing sweet corn. In field trials throughout the major production areas of processing sweet corn, including three states over 4 yr, 12 atrazine-free weed management treatments were compared to three standard atrazine-containing treatments and a weed-free check. Treatments varied with respect to herbicide mode of action, herbicide application timing, and interrow cultivation. All treatments included a PRE application of dimethenamid. No single weed species occurred across all sites; however, weeds observed in two or more sites included common lambsquarters, giant ragweed, morningglory species, velvetleaf, and wild-proso millet. Standard treatments containing both atrazine and mesotrione POST provided the most efficacious weed control among treatments and resulted in crop yields comparable to the weed-free check, thus demonstrating the value of atrazine in sweet corn production systems. Timely interrow cultivation in atrazine-free treatments did not consistently improve weed control. Only two atrazine-free treatments consistently resulted in weed control and crop yield comparable to standard treatments with atrazine POST: treatments with tembotrione POST either with or without interrow cultivation. Additional atrazine-free treatments with topramezone applied POST worked well in Oregon where small-seeded weed species were prevalent. This work demonstrates that certain atrazine-free weed management systems, based on input from the sweet corn growers and processors who would adopt this technology, are comparable in performance to standard atrazine-containing weed management systems.

scholarly journals Weed Management Strategies in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum): A Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akashdeep Singh ◽  
S. S. Rana ◽  
Anju Bala
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Basic Requirement ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Hand Weeding

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is one of the most important pulse crops but it’s productivity in India is quite low. There are various reasons for low productivity. Weed control is the basic requirement and the major component of crop management. Weeds on an average reduce the crop yield by 40-87 per cent. Deciding time to control weeds requires detailed knowledge of the weed populations in the field. Different management practices like altering spacing, competitive cultivars, etc. can help in enhancing the productivity. With the world entering the precision-farming era, more emphasis is being put on the use of post-emergence herbicides. Application of two or more herbicide at the same time or as a double knockdown and integrating with hand-weeding provides desirable control of different weed species besides reducing the hazard of chemical weed control.

scholarly journals Weed Management in Transplanted Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum) with Pretransplant Tank Mixes of Sulfentrazone, S-metolachlor, and Dimethenamid-p

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1492-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
Kristen McNaughton ◽  
Nader Soltani
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Excellent Control

Pepper growers currently have limited access to many effective broadleaf herbicides. Field trials were conducted over a 3-year period in Ontario to study the effect of tank mixtures of sulfentrazone (100 or 200 g·ha−1 a.i.) with either s-metolachlor (1200 or 2400 g·ha−1 a.i.) or dimethenamid-p (750 or 1500 g·ha−1 a.i.) on transplanted bell pepper. Under weed-free conditions, there was no visual injury or reduction in plant height, fruit number, fruit size, or marketable yield of transplanted pepper with pretransplant applications of sulfentrazone applied in tank mixtures with s-metolachlor or dimethenamid-p. The tank mixture of sulfentrazone + s-metolachlor gave greater than 85% control of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum), but only 70% to 76% control of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album). The combination of sulfentrazone + dimethenamid-p provided good to excellent control of all weed species except velvetleaf. Based on this study, sulfentrazone and dimethenamid-p have potential for minor use registration in pepper.

Effect of Crop Residue on Seedling Emergence and Growth of Selected Weed Species in a Sprinkler-Irrigated Zero-Till Dry-Seeded Rice System

Weed Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhagirath S. Chauhan ◽  
Seth B. Abugho
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Residue Retention

Crop residues acting as mulches can influence weed seedling emergence and weed biomass. A field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of rice residue amounts (0, 3, and 6 t ha−1) on seedling emergence of eight weed species in zero-till dry-seeded rice. The highest seedling emergence of spiny amaranth, southern crabgrass, crowfootgrass, junglerice, eclipta, goosegrass, and Chinese sprangletop was observed in the absence of residue. Seedling emergence of these weeds declined with increasing residue amounts; however, the greatest and most substantial reductions in emergence occurred with 6 t ha−1of residue. The presence of residue also resulted in less weed biomass than with the no-residue treatment. The emergence and biomass of threelobe morningglory seedlings, however, were not influenced by residue amounts. The use of residue also increased the time taken to reach 50% of maximum emergence for some species, for example, spiny amaranth and Chinese sprangletop. The results of our study suggest that the use of residue at high rates can help suppress seedling emergence and growth of many weeds. However, there is a need to integrate other weed management strategies with residue retention to achieve season-long weed control.

A Screening of Weed Control Options During Juneberry (Amelanchier alnifolia) Establishment

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harlene M. Hatterman-Valenti
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Common Purslane ◽  
Physical Weed Control ◽  
Plant Injury ◽  
Physical Treatments

Few weed management options are available for juneberry, which has limited the potential for this new crop. Field trials were initiated at three locations in North Dakota to evaluate efficacy and crop safety associated with chemical and physical weed control treatments applied just before or immediately after transplanting. All treatments except norflurazon and trifluralin provided at least 85% control of redroot pigweed, common lambsquarters, common purslane, and yellow foxtail for the duration of the trial at Absaraka, ND, during 2001. Stinkgrass weed control 8 wk after treatment (WAT) dropped to unacceptable levels (<85%) with all treatments except azafenidin at 0.5 kg ai/ ha, norflurazon, and oxyfluorfen at 1.1 kg ai/ha at Dawson, ND, during 2001. However, juneberry injury 4 WAT by azafenidin at 0.5 kg/ha, flumioxazin at both locations, or azafenidin at 0.34 kg/ha and oxyfluorfen at 1.1 kg ai/ha at Absaraka, ND, was greater than observed for plants within the physical treatments. Juneberry injury generally decreased with time, yet remained >20% at 8 WAT for azafenidin and flumioxazin at Absaraka, ND, and for all treatments except the mulches at Dawson, ND. Plant injury 8 WAT at Absaraka in 2002 was 10% or less for all treatments and was lower compared with 2001. All physical treatments—azafenidin at 0.34 and 0.5 kg/ha, flumioxazin at 0.29 kg/ha, and oryzalin at 4.5 kg/ha—provided at least 85% control of all weed species at Carrington and Absaraka, ND, during 2002.

scholarly journals Weed Control, Environmental Impact and Profitability of Weed Management Strategies in Glyphosate-Resistant Corn

2012 ◽  
Vol 03 (11) ◽  
pp. 1594-1607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Christie L. Stewart ◽  
Robert E. Nurse ◽  
Laura L. Van Eerd ◽  
Richard J. Vyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategies

Evaluation of Thermal Implements and Organic Herbicides for Weed Control in a Nonbearing Almond (Prunus dulcis) Orchard

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Shrestha ◽  
Marcelo Moretti ◽  
Nathalia Mourad
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Lemongrass Oil ◽  
Almond Orchards ◽  
Treatment Comparisons ◽  
The Cost

Sustainable weed management strategies are needed for organic orchard systems. A study was conducted in an almond orchard in Fresno, CA from 2009 to 2011. Treatment comparisons included steam, flame, and broad applications of either lemongrass oil or D-limonene. An untreated control was also included. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications. Weekly evaluations on percent weed control were taken and weed biomass was sampled 4 to 8 wk after treatment (WAT). Weed control and biomass differed between seasons but, in general, steam and flame provided as much as 95% control 1 WAT. However, the effects lasted only 3 to 4 wk as new weeds emerged or the treated weeds overcame the suppressive effects of the thermal treatments. Weed biomass was 95% lower in the steam- and flame-treated plots compared with the untreated plots in summer. Both steam and flame were more effective on certain erect-growing broad-leaved weed species than on prostrate-growing weeds and grasses. Lemongrass oil provided very little weed control. However, D-limonene provided up to 95% weed control 1 WAT and in one experiment 53% control was observed up to 5 WAT. This herbicide also resulted in lower weed biomass than the untreated and the thermal-treated plots. Monthly applications of steam or flame or applications of D-limonene every 5 to 6 wk may have to be made to adequately suppress weeds in organic almond orchards. Cost estimates of propane use were $41 to 56 ha−1 and $26 ha−1 for the steam and flame treatments, respectively. The cost of D-limonene was estimated as $275 ha−1. To optimize weed control and costs, these tools may need to be used in combination rather than by themselves.

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