scholarly journals Mixed Cropping of Dwarf Napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott) with Indigofera (Indigofera zollingeriana) using an Alley Cropping System

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Renny Fatmyah Utamy ◽  
Herry Sonjaya ◽  
Yasuyuki Ishii ◽  
Syamsuddin Hasan ◽  
Maulina Nazira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Alley Cropping ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Mixed Cropping ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Indigofera Zollingeriana

Background: Mixed cropping of forage grasses and legumes can potentially improve the performance of herbivores. However, the feasibility of grasses mixed-cropped with legumes should be examined at different plant densities. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the growth characters and forage chemical composition in dwarf napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott) with Indigofera (Indigofera zollingeriana) grown using alley cropping. Methods: Three densities of dwarf napiergrass with Indigofera, i.e., high density (2 and 1 plants m-2, respectively); medium density (1.33 and 1 plants m-2, respectively); and low density (1 and 1 plants m-2, respectively) were applied under rainfed conditions in Makassar. Results: Plant density significantly affected growth characteristics, such as plant height and tiller density in dwarf napiergrass (p<0.05), and non-significantly affected plant height and branch density (p>0.05) in Indigofera. Plant density did not affect the yielding ability at the first defoliation and annual total of yields (p>0.05), except at the second defoliation when the dry matter production of dwarf napiergrass peaked in the low plant density treatment (p<0.05). In terms of chemical composition, plant density significantly affected fiber concentrations of acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber, which were lowest at low plant densities (p<0.05). The acid detergent lignin and cellulose concentrations tended to be lower at low plant densities, but the differences were not significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: We consider that alley cropping systems for dwarf napiergrass and Indigofera are suitable if low plant densities are employed in the region.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Growth Characteristics, Dry Matter Yield, and Forage Quality Between Mixed Cropping and Pure Stand Systems (Monoculture Systems)

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renny Fatmyah Utamy ◽  
Herry Sonjaya ◽  
Kusumandari Indah Prahesti
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Mixed Cropping

Smallholders beef cattle are facing many problems, such as the unsustainable supply, limited quantity, and poor quality of forage, which all are crucial to increase the population and productivity of their beef cattle. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of monoculture and mixed cropping system between dwarf napiergrass with siratro and centro on growth characteristics, fresh and dry matter (DM) yield, and forage quality. The study was carried out for 4 months. There were 3 experiment treatments, namely P0 = dwarf napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum cv Mott) planted on monoculture system; P1 = dwarf napiergrass planted in mixed cropping system with siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum cv Siratro); and P2 = dwarf napiergrass planted in mixed cropping system with centro (Centrocema pubescent). All treatments were replicated 3 times. All plants on each treatment were planted on 3 3 m plots, with 1 m of distance between the plots. Data were collected four times after transplanting, i.e. August 20th, September 17th; October 28th; and December 16th of 2017, respectively. The results of study indicated that neither plant height nor tiller number in all treatments and measurement periods were significantly affected (p>0.05), except in month-3 (plant height) and month-4 (tiller number). Although treatments did not alter fresh and DM yield (p>0.05), the DM yield from mixed cropping system tended to be higher. Hence, it can be concluded that growth characteristic, productivity, and forage quality in mixed cropping system were better than in monoculture system. 

Plant height and height of the main ear in maize (Zea mays L.) at different locations and different plant densities

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Gyenes-Hegyi ◽  
I. Pók ◽  
L. Kizmus ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
The Best Approximation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Ear Height

The plant height and the height of the main ear were studied over two years in twelve single cross maize hybrids sown at three different plant densities (45, 65 and 85 thousand plants/ha) at five locations in Hungary (Keszthely, Gönc, Gyöngyös, Sopronhorpács, Martonvásár). The results revealed that plant height and the height of the main ear are important variety traits and are in close correlation with each other. It was found that the hybrids grew the tallest when the genetic distance between the parental components was greatest (Mv 4, Mv 5). The height of the main ear was also the greatest in these hybrids, and the degree of heterosis was highest (193% for plant height, 194% for the height of the main ear). The shortest hybrids were those developed between related lines (Mv 7, Mv 11). In this case the heterosis effect was the lowest for both plant height (128%) and the height of the main ear (144%). The ratio of the height of the main ear to the plant height was stable, showing little variation between the hybrids (37–44%). As maize is of tropical origin it grows best in a humid, warm, sunny climate. Among the locations tested, the Keszthely site gave the best approximation to these conditions, and it was here that the maize grew tallest. The dry, warm weather in Gyöngyös stunted the development of the plants, which were the shortest at this location. Plant density had an influence on the plant size. The plants were shortest when sown at a plant density of 45,000 plants/ha, and the main ears were situated the lowest in this case. At all the locations the plant and main ear height rose when the plant density was increased to 65,000 plants/ha. At two sites (Gönc and Sopronhorpács) the plants attained their maximum height at the greatest plant density (85,000 plants/ha). In Keszthely there was no significant difference between these two characters at plant densities of 65 and 85 thousand plants/ha, while in Gyöngyös and Martonvásár the greatest plant density led to a decrease in the plant and main ear height. The year had a considerable effect on the characters tested.

RESPONSE OF EARLY-MATURING SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS TO ROW SPACING AND PLANT DENSITY

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1169-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. GUBBELS ◽  
W. DEDIO
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Normal Height ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Plant Densities

Two early-maturing sunflower hybrids, Sunwheat 101 and MRS 34, with shorter than normal height and a narrower growth habit were grown at 30- and 60-cm row spacings and three plant densities at each row spacing in the 1986 and 1987 seasons at Morden, Manitoba. There were no differences in achene yield or oil content between row spacings. Plant height and oil content of achenes increased with increase in plant density, while achene weight decreased. Achene yield of both hybrids increased as plant density increased from 55 000 to the 74 000 plants ha−1 density, then remained relatively constant to 148 000 plants ha−1.Key words: Oilseed sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., plant row spacing, plant density

Influence of growth factors on the yield and quality of dry beans

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Nemeskéri ◽  
L. Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Nutritive Quality ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
High Level

investigations were made on the relationship between plant density and plant height, and on the yield, thousand seed mass, and ratio of diseased and broken seeds of varieties with different seed sizes. Experiments were carried out to analyse the effects of potassium on the yield, bacterial diseases and nutritive quality of the seed of bean varieties. Three dry bean cultivars representing the small, medium and large seed size groups were investigated. Six plant density treatments were chosen based on theoretical seed norms, taking the germinative value of the seeds into consideration. The correlation between plant density and yield average showed that the volume of yield increased for varieties with large and medium-sized seeds up to a plant density of 285-400 thousand/ha, after which it declined. On the basis of the results, yield averages at plant densities of 285-334 thousand plants/ha were 0.17 t/ha higher than those achieved at low density (200 thousand plants/ha). At greater plant density the plant height increased in the case of large-seeded varieties and there was a considerable decrease in the thousand seed mass. With an adequate water supply a high level of potassium decreased the number of pods and seeds per plant compared with the basic level, which gave a yield of 2.5 t/ha. The use of high rates of potassium fertilizer decreased the number of infected seeds, but the differences were only significant for the small-seeded variety. A moderately high potassium level was advantageous for food quality, particularly during drought.

scholarly journals Plant density and nitrogen topdressing of high-altitude main-season corn

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 2651-2668
Author(s):  
Denis Piazzoli ◽  
◽  
Moryb Jorge Lima da Costa Sapucay ◽  
André Mateus Prando ◽  
João Alberto de Oliveira Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Plant Densities

An appropriate combination of plant density with nitrogen (N) fertilization can optimize corn growth and increase grain yields. This study evaluated the effects of nitrogen topdressing rates and plant density levels on the agronomic performance of corn. The early hybrid DKB 240 YG, with high yield potential and stability, was evaluated in two summer crops in Mauá da Serra, Paraná (950 m asl), in a Cfb climate, on a Rhodic Eutrudox. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete blocks and subdivided plots with four replications. The plant densities (60,000; 75,000; 90,000 and 105,000 plants ha-1) were assessed in the plots and the nitrogen (ammonium nitrate 32% N) topdressing rates (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg ha-1) in the subplots. The stem diameter, plant height, ear insertion height and grain yield were evaluated. The stem diameter, plant height, ear insertion height and grain yield were influenced by the interaction between plant density and nitrogen topdressing under the tested high-altitude edaphoclimatic conditions. The stem diameter of corn plants decreased due to the increase in plant density whereas nitrogen topdressing attenuated this reduction. Maximum plant height was observed at a density of 75,000 plants ha-1 associated with a topdressing of 169 kg ha-1 of N, and highest ear insertion at 60,000 plants ha-1 and 168 kg ha-1 of N. Corn yield was highest at a density of 105,000 plants ha-1 associated with a topdressing of 185 kg N ha-1 of N.

scholarly journals Forage legumes included in diets with tropical grasses. I. Chemical composition and in-vitro digestibility

1969 ◽  
Vol 82 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Abner A. Rodríguez ◽  
Ernesto O. Riquelme ◽  
Paul F. Randel
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Stylosanthes Guianensis ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of including legume species (Leucaena leucocephala, Stylosanthes guianensis, Centrosema pubescens Benth or Neonotonia wightii) at levels of 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40% of the dry matter on the chemical composition (crude protein, CP neutral detergent fiber, NDF; acid detergent fiber, ADF) and on in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of mixtures of each legume with four grass species (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst, Panicum maximum jacq., Pennisetum purpureum Schum., or Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). Of the legume species included, Leucaena leucocephala and Centrosema pubescens had the highest CP content and IVDMD, respectively. For the legumes, the mean CP and IVDMD values, respectively, were Leucaena leucocephala, 21.98 and 68.09; Stylosanthes guianensis, 13.70 and 63.44; Centrosema pubescens, 18.29 and 68.60; and Neonotonia wightii, 16.72 and 66.64%. For the grasses, they were, respectively, Cynodon nlemfuensis, 8.27 and 61.38; Panicum maximum, 7.64 and 60.06; Pennisetum purpureum, 8.02 and 53.47; and Sorghum bicolor, 7.57 and 59.62%. Neutral detergent fiber and ADF contents were higher in the grasses (Cynodon nlemfuensis, 73.03 and 44.45; Panicum maximum, 65.27 and 49.06; Pennisetum purpureum, 69.26 and 51.88; and Sorghum bicolor, 60.24 and 50.99%, respectively) than in the fegumes (Leucaena leucocephala, 50.52 and 28.50; Stylosanthes guianensis, 52.57 and 36.63; Centrosema pubescens, 58.43 and 34.84; and Neonotonia wightii, 54.11 and 33.23%, respectively). The chemical composition of the forages varied according to the relative proportions of the species included, as expected. However, the effects on IVDMD were not additive; rather, associative effects, mainly antagonistic, were observed in most of the mixtures.

Growth and nutritional value of the silage of two cultivars of Pennisetum purpureum at different ages

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cándido Enrique Guerra Medina ◽  
CARLOS HUGO AVENDAÑO ARRAZATE ◽  
Oziel Dante Montañez-Valdez ◽  
Jose de Jesus Madonado Méndez ◽  
Alejandro Ley de Coss
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Objetive: To evaluate the growth, chemical composition and quality of the silage of 45 d and 60 d cuts of Pennisetum purpureum sp. Gigante and Pennisetum purpureum cv. Taiwan grasses. Design/methodology/approximation: The study took place at the Germplasm Bank of the Rosario Izapa Experimental Field in Tuxtla Chico, Chiapas, Mexico. Chemical analysis of the silage determined crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), crude fiber (CF), ash (A), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and pH. Plant height, leaf length, leaf width and stem diameter were also determined. A completely randomized design was used with three repetitions per treatment as per PROC GLM and means comparison using the Tukey procedure. Results: The CP content of both grasses decreased in the 45 d to 60 d period; from 7.18 % to 5.36 % in Taiwan grass and from 7.53 % to 6.05 % in Pennisetum sp. Gigante. Plant height, length and width of leaf, and stem diameter were greater in the Taiwan variety (P<0.05) at 30 d, 45 d and 60 d; the pH of the silage was similar in both grasses evaluated (P>0.05) at 45 d and 60 d. Study limitations /implications:  A review during low water periods is required (December-April). Findings/conclusions: Taiwan grass registered a greater growth rate in all periods; while Gigante grass showed higher nutritional value at 45 and 60 days of cutting.

scholarly journals Light interception, chemical, and productive characteristics of elephant grass subjected to different cutting intervals

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2351
Author(s):  
Sâmara Stainy Cardoso Sânches ◽  
Rosane Cláudia Rodrigues ◽  
Ricardo Alves Araújo ◽  
Clésio dos Santos Costa ◽  
Franscisco Naysson Sousa Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Optimal Point ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Cutting Frequency ◽  
Pattern Of Variation

This study aimed to evaluate the interception of light (%IL), leaf area index (LAI), and the chemical and productive characteristics of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum) under different defoliation frequencies (30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 days after cutting). The experimental design was completely randomized with five replications and five treatments (cutting frequencies). The chemical composition was analyzed in a factorial arrangement 2 ×5 (two fractions: leaf and stem, and five defoliation frequencies). The pattern of variation in IL and LAI in function of the frequency of cutting was ascending order. The maximum values of %IL and LAI occurred at 75 and 90 days after cutting with 98.46%; 98.72% (%IL) and 7.08; 8.10 (LAI), respectively. There was no effect of cutting frequency on the total yield of forage, leaf production, generation of stem and dead material, tillers alive, dead tillers and height. Only the leaf/stem ratio was not influenced (P > 0.05) among the factors studied. The frequency of cutting influenced (P < 0.05) the chemical composition, where decreased cutting frequency significantly increased the levels of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, cellulose, and ash in two fractions evaluated (leaf and stem); the crude protein content showed a decline from the moment the frequency of cutting was increased. The LAI, and productive and chemical characteristics of elephant grass were influenced by increased frequency of cutting. Limiting the cutting of the grass to 60 days implies an optimal point of production and quality.

scholarly journals Productive performance of soybean cultivars grown in different plant densities

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Augusto Belchior Marchetti Ribeiro ◽  
Adriano Teodoro Bruzi ◽  
Alan Mario Zuffo ◽  
Everton Vinicius Zambiazzi ◽  
Igor Oliveri Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Pod Harvest Index

ABSTRACT: Plants density in soybean cultivation is an important management practice to achieve high grain yield. In this way, the objective was to evaluate the agronomic traits and grain yield in soybean in different plant densities, in two locations in the south of Minas Gerais. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, arranged in a split plot design, with three replications. Plots were composed of four population densities (300, 400, 500 and 600 thousand plants per hectare) and the subplots were composed of six cultivars (‘BMX Força RR’, ‘CD 250 RR’, ‘FMT 08 - 60.346/1’, ‘NA 5909 RR’, ‘TMG 7161 RR’ and ‘V - TOP RR’) grown in Lavras and Inconfidentes, both in Minas Gerais. At the time of harvest was determined the plant height, lodging, insertion of the first pod, harvest index, number of pods per plant, number of grains, number of grains per pod and yield. Regardless of the soybean cultivar, the plant density of up to 600,000 per ha does not affect grain yield, plant height, lodging, harvest index, and number of grains per pod. The cultivars ‘V-TOP RR’ and ‘BMX FORÇA RR’ showed high grain yield and good agronomic traits in Lavras and Incofidentes.

scholarly journals Nutritional value of elephant grass genotypes

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 951-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Henrique de Souza ◽  
Cristian Faturi ◽  
Luiz Fernando de Souza Rodrigues ◽  
Ednaldo da Silva Filho ◽  
Aníbal Coutinho do Rêgo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Nutritive Values

Abstract: The objective of this work was to assess the nutritive value of four elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) genotypes. The chemical composition, intake by sheep, and digestibility of different genotypes (G1, G2, G3, and G4) were evaluated. A dry matter (DM) digestibility assay was performed with total leftovers and feces collected from 20 sheep kept in metabolic cages. G3 had lower DM intake in grams per animal per day compared with G1 and G2, and it had greater digestibility, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber values. G1, G2, and G4 have the best nutritive values among the evaluated genotypes.

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