Prevalence and Determinants of Dyslipidemia: Data from a Saudi University Clinic

Background: Dyslipidemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The relationship between demographic factors and dyslipidemia in Saudi Arabia is not completely explored. Objectives: This analytic cross-sectional study was conducted to describe the lipid profile, determine the proportion and identify significant demographic determinants of dyslipidemia among patients who have undergone lipid profile analysis in a university multispecialty clinic. Methods: The results of lipid profile examination of 1,541 King Faisal University clinic patients from 1 April, 2014 to 7 March, 2016 were compiled and subjected to descriptive and analytical statistics using STATA MP version 14. Multivariable logistic regression model using Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was fitted to analyze the independent predictors of dyslipidemia. Results: The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia, and hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia were 13.8%, 17.0%, 40.0% 12.85%, respectively. Logistic regression revealed that in comparison with those who were 20 years old and below, those who were between the age of 40-49 years were 4.5 times more likely to have hypercholesterolemia and 3.5 times more likely to have hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia. Similarly, those who were 30-39 years old were 4.3 times and 3 times more likely to have hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia, respectively. The same stage group was 3 times more likely to develop hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia. Females were 1.4 times more like to have hypercholesterolemia; non-Saudis were nearly twice as likely to develop hypertriglyceridemia than Saudis. Conclusion: Hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia was the most prevalent form of dyslipidemia. Age, gender and nationality were significant determinants of specific types of dyslipidemia.

Download Full-text

Association between the intact foreskin and inferior standards of male genital hygiene behaviour: a cross-sectional study

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1258/0956462054679151 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. 556-559 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Nigel O'Farrell ◽

Maria Quigley ◽

Paul Fox

Keyword(s):

Odds Ratio ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Crude Odds Ratio ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Hygiene Behaviour ◽

Genital Hygiene ◽

The Relationship ◽

Male Genital

This study was undertaken to determine whether non-circumcised men have inferior standards of genital hygiene behaviour, as measured by reported washing of the whole penis, compared with circumcised men. Male attenders at a sexually transmitted infections (STI) clinic at Ealing Hospital, London had routine STI tests and examinations performed and were asked about the frequency and thoroughness of genital washing. One hundred and fifty non-circumcised and 75 circumcised men were enrolled. Not always washing the whole penis, including retracting the foreskin in non-circumcised men every time they washed (defined as inferior genital hygiene behaviour) was more common in non-circumcised (26%) than circumcised men (4%) (crude odds ratio = 8.43, 95% confidence interval: 2.51–28.3, P<0.001) and those with balanitis (42% and 5%, P=0.036). Circumcised men were more likely than non-circumcised men to wash the genital area more than once a day (37% and 19%, P=0.011). Studies investigating the relationship between male circumcision status and other outcomes, for example HIV infection, should include assessment of genital hygiene.

Download Full-text

Factors Related to Locomotive Syndrome in School-Aged Children in Okazaki: A Cross-Sectional Study

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9111595 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1595

Author(s):

Yingzhi Gu ◽

Tadashi Ito ◽

Yuji Ito ◽

Koji Noritake ◽

Nobuhiko Ochi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Locomotive Syndrome ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽

Lifestyle Habits ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical Checkup ◽

Clinical Measurements ◽

The Relationship

The relationship of locomotive syndrome with other physical characteristics and lifestyle habits in children has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of children’s locomotive syndrome, and to determine its relationship with the above-mentioned factors. This was a cross-sectional study of 285 elementary school children who volunteered to participate in a medical checkup for physical function. Data was collected via medical examination, clinical measurements, and questionnaires. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to determine the relationship (odds ratios; ORs) of participants’ characteristics, physical functions, and other outcomes determined by questionnaire on locomotive syndrome. The following factors were related to locomotive syndrome: older age (OR = 1.421, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.039, 1.945]), male sex (OR = 4.011, 95% CI [2.189, 7.347]), and more time spent watching television per day (OR = 1.281, 95% CI [1.001, 1.640]). These results may assist in the encouragement of children to perform appropriate physical activities and avoid unhealthy lifestyle habits, reducing the occurrence of locomotive syndrome.

Download Full-text

Mild behavioral impairment is related to frailty in non-dementia older adults: a cross-sectional study

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-020-01903-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shaoyi Fan ◽

Ximin Liang ◽

Tianchan Yun ◽

Zhong Pei ◽

Bin Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Consecutive Series ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Behavioral Impairment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background Frailty and cognitive decline are highly prevalent among older adults. However, the relationship between frailty and mild behavioral impairment (MBI), a dementia risk syndrome characterized by later-life emergence of persistent neuropsychiatric symptoms, has yet to be elucidated. We aimed to evaluate the associations between MBI and frailty in older adults without dementia. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a consecutive series of 137 older adults without dementia in the Anti-Aging Study, recruited from primary care clinics, were enrolled. Frailty was estimated using the Fried phenotype. MBI was evaluated by the Mild Behavioral Impairment Checklist (MBI-C) at a cut-off point of > 8. Cognition was assessed with the Chinese versions of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-BC) and Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE). Multivariable logistic regression was performed to estimate the relationship between MBI and objective cognition with frailty status. Results At baseline, 30.7% of the older adults had frailty and 18.2% had MBI (MBI+ status). Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that compared to those without MBI (MBI- status), MBI+ was more likely to have frailty (odds ratio [OR] = 7.44, 95% CI = 1.49–37.21, p = 0.02). Frailty and MBI were both significantly associated with both MMSE and MoCA-BC score (p < 0.05). Conclusions Both frailty and MBI status were associated with higher odds of cognitive impairment. MBI was significantly associated with an increased risk of having frailty in the absence of dementia. This association merits further study to identify potential strategies for the early detection, prevention and therapeutic intervention of frailty.

Download Full-text

Association between level of care and colonization with resistant gram-negative bacteria among nursing-home residents

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1017/ice.2020.1274 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Timileyin Y Adediran ◽

Kinjal N Sethuraman ◽

Surbhi Leekha ◽

Mary-Claire Roghmann

Keyword(s):

Nursing Home ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Nursing Home Residents ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Level Of Care ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gram Negative ◽

The Relationship

Abstract In this cross-sectional study, we examined the relationship between resident level of care in the nursing home and colonization with resistant gram-negative bacteria. Residential-care residents were more likely to be colonized with resistant gram-negative bacteria than were postacute care residents (odds ratio, 2.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.40–3.80; P < .001).

Download Full-text

Factors associated with elevated alanine aminotransferase in employees of a German chemical company: results of a large cross-sectional study

BMC Gastroenterology ◽

10.1186/s12876-021-01601-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Matthias Claus ◽

Christoph Antoni ◽

Bernd Hofmann

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Quantile Regression ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chemical Company

Abstract Background We aimed to determine the prevalence of elevated alanine aminotransferase (eALT) in employees of a German chemical company, and analyze its association with sociodemographic, work- and lifestyle-related factors. Methods The cross-sectional study is based on data surveyed from occupational health check-ups between 2013 and 2018 at the site clinic of a chemical company based in Ludwigshafen, Germany. We used logistic regression analyses to assess the association between sociodemographic, work- and lifestyle-related characteristics and eALT. Quantile regression technique was applied to investigate if associations vary across different quantiles of the ALT distribution. Results Participants (n = 15,348) were predominantly male (78.3%) with a mean age of 42.2 years (SD 10.7). The prevalence of eALT was 18.5% (21.6% in men/7.2% in women) with a geometric mean of 28.9 U/L (32.8 U/L in men/18.5 U/L in women). In the multivariable logistic regression model, odds of eALT were significantly higher for males (OR 2.61; 95%-CI 2.24–3.05), manual workers (OR 1.23; 95%-CI 1.06–1.43), overweight (OR 2.66; 95%-CI 2.36–3.00) or obese respondents (e.g. OR 7.88; 95%-CI 5.75–10.80 for obesity class III), employees who consume any number of alcoholic drinks/week (e.g. OR 1.32; 95%-CI 1.16–1.49 for ≥ 3 drinks per week) and diabetics (OR 1.47; 95%-CI 1.22–1.78). Additionally, season of participation was significantly associated with eALT, with odds being higher for participation in spring, fall or winter, as compared to summer. A significant interaction between age and gender (pInteraction < 0.001) was found, showing approximately a u-shaped age/ALT relationship in women and an inversely u-shaped relationship in men. Quantile regression showed an increasing positive effect of male gender, overweight/obesity, and for diabetics on ALT level when moving from the lowest (q0.1) to the highest (q0.9) considered quantile. Additionally, from the lowest to the highest quantile an increasing negative effect on ALT for older age was observed. Conclusions Prevalence of eALT in our sample of employees can be considered as high, with almost one in five participants affected. Identification of risk groups allows the implementation of targeted preventive measures in order to avoid transition to severe morbidity.

Download Full-text

Mild behavioral impairment is related to frailty in cognitively normal older adults: a cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-34750/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shaoyi Fan ◽

Ximin Liang ◽

Tianchan Yun ◽

Zhong Pei ◽

Bin Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Behavioral Impairment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cognitively Normal ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background: Frailty and cognitive decline are highly prevalent among older adults. However, the relationship between frailty and mild behavioral impairment (MBI), a neurobehavioral syndrome characterized by later-life emergence of sustained neuropsychiatric symptoms, has yet to be elucidated.We aimed to evaluate the associations between mild behavioral impairment and frailty in cognitively normal older adults.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. A consecutive series of 137 cognitively normal older adults in the Anti-Aging study, recruited from primary care clinics, were enrolled. Frailty was estimated using the original Fried phenotype. MBI was evaluated by the Mild Behavioral Impairment Checklist at a cut-off point of >8 (optimizing sensitivity and specificity), which was developed to assess emergent neuropsychiatric symptoms in accordance with the MBI criteria. Cognition was assessed with the Chinese versions of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-BC) and Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE). Multivariate logistic regression was performed to estimate the relationship between MBI and objective cognition with frailty status.Results: At baseline, 30.6% of the older adults had frailty, 35.0% had prefrailty and 18.2% had MBI (MBI+ status). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that compared to MBI- status (without MBI), MBI+ was more likely to have frailty (odds ratio [OR] = 7.44, p = 0.02). The frailty and MBI categories were both significantly associated with both MMSE and MoCA-BC score (p<0.05).Conclusions: Both frailty and MBI status are related to higher risk of cognitive impairment. MBI is significantly associated with an increased risk of having frailty before overt cognitive impairment. This association merits further study to identify strategies to the early detection, prevention and therapeutic intervention of frailty.

Download Full-text

Mild behavioral impairment is related to frailty in non-dementia older adults: a cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-34750/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shaoyi Fan ◽

Ximin Liang ◽

Tianchan Yun ◽

Zhong Pei ◽

Bin Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Consecutive Series ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Behavioral Impairment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background: Frailty and cognitive decline are highly prevalent among older adults. However, the relationship between frailty and mild behavioral impairment (MBI), a dementia risk syndrome characterized by later-life emergence of persistent neuropsychiatric symptoms, has yet to be elucidated. We aimed to evaluate the associations between MBI and frailty in older adults without dementia.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a consecutive series of 137 older adults without dementia in the Anti-Aging Study, recruited from primary care clinics, were enrolled. Frailty was estimated using the Fried phenotype. MBI was evaluated by the Mild Behavioral Impairment Checklist (MBI-C) at a cut-off point of >8. Cognition was assessed with the Chinese versions of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-BC) and Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE). Multivariable logistic regression was performed to estimate the relationship between MBI and objective cognition with frailty status.Results: At baseline, 30.7% of the older adults had frailty and 18.2% had MBI (MBI+ status). Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that compared to those without MBI (MBI- status), MBI+ was more likely to have frailty (odds ratio [OR] = 7.44, 95% CI = 1.49-37.21, p = 0.02). Frailty and MBI were both significantly associated with both MMSE and MoCA-BC score (p<0.05).Conclusions: Both frailty and MBI status were associated with higher odds of cognitive impairment. MBI was significantly associated with an increased risk of having frailty in the absence of dementia. This association merits further study to identify potential strategies for the early detection, prevention and therapeutic intervention of frailty.

Download Full-text

Mild behavioral impairment is related to frailty in non-dementia older adults: a cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-34750/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shaoyi Fan ◽

Ximin Liang ◽

Tianchan Yun ◽

Zhong Pei ◽

Bin Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Behavioral Impairment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background: Frailty and cognitive decline are highly prevalent among older adults. However, the relationship between frailty and mild behavioral impairment (MBI), a neurobehavioral syndrome characterized by later-life emergence of sustained neuropsychiatric symptoms, has yet to be elucidated.We aimed to evaluate the associations between mild behavioral impairment and frailty in non-dementia older adults.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. A consecutive series of 137 non-dementia older adults in the Anti-Aging Study, recruited from primary care clinics, were enrolled. Frailty was estimated using the Fried phenotype. MBI was evaluated by the Mild Behavioral Impairment Checklist at a cut-off point of >8 (optimizing sensitivity and specificity), which was developed to assess emergent neuropsychiatric symptoms in accordance with the MBI criteria. Cognition was assessed with the Chinese versions of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-BC) and Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE). Multivariate logistic regression was performed to estimate the relationship between MBI and objective cognition with frailty status.Results: At baseline, 30.7% of the older adults had frailty and 18.2% had MBI (MBI+ status). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that compared to MBI- status (without MBI), MBI+ was more likely to have frailty (odds ratio [OR] = 7.44, 95% CI = 1.49-37.21, p = 0.02).Conclusions: MBI is significantly associated with an increased risk of having frailty before the presence of overt dementia. This association merits further study to identify strategies for the early detection, prevention and therapeutic intervention of frailty.

Download Full-text

Inverse Associations of Schistosoma mansoni Infection and Metabolic Syndromes in Humans: A Cross-Sectional Study in Northeast Ethiopia

Microbiology Insights ◽

10.1177/1178636119849934 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 117863611984993 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mistire Wolde ◽

Nega Berhe ◽

Girmay Medhin ◽

Feyissa Chala ◽

Irma van Die ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Blood Sugar ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Northeast Ethiopia ◽

Metabolic Syndromes

Background: Recent animal and retrospective human studies have demonstrated that Schistosoma mansoni infection may have potential to protect against development of metabolic syndromes. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess metabolic panel among S. mansoni egg positives and egg negatives in stool examinations. This study was a cross-sectional study, conducted involving 120 participants from S. mansoni endemic town (Kemise) and 61 from non-endemic town (Kombolcha), Northeast Ethiopia. Stool samples were collected and examined for S. mansoni and other helminths using Kato-Katz method. Furthermore, blood samples were collected and used for determination of blood sugar, lipid profile tests, insulin, and C-reactive protein. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20. Chi-square test, independent mean t-test, and logistic regression models were employed on data. P values less than .05 were considered as statistically significant. Results: S. mansoni infected participants (n = 41; all from Kemise) had significantly lower levels of fasting blood sugar, low prevalence of dyslipidemia (at least one or more abnormal lipid profile tests; total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], and triglycerides) as compared with controls (n = 79 in Kemise and 61 in Kombolcha). Moreover, logistic regression model indicated that with the adjusted odds ratios, there was significant inverse association between S. mansoni infection and impaired fasting glucose (adjusted odds ratio −0.181, 95% confidence interval: 0.042-0.774). Conclusions: Low fasting blood sugar and reduced prevalence of dyslipidemia in S. mansoni egg positive participants might suggest inverse association of S. mansoni infection and development of metabolic syndromes. Furthermore, large-scale studies are recommended to assess the role of S. mansoni egg and/or worm antigens in modulating the host metabolic profile and reducing the risk of metabolic syndromes, including diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases.

Download Full-text

Relationship between Serum Homocysteine and Metabolic Syndrome among Patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: A Cross Sectional Study

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.18502/ijps.v15i4.4292 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shadi Naderyan Fe'li ◽

Seyed Mojtaba Yassini Ardekani ◽

Ali Dehghani

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Significant Difference

Objective: This study aimed to compare the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and hyperhomocysteinemia and to specify predictors of the metabolic syndrome among patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Method: This cross sectional study was conducted on 100 patients with schizophrenia and 100 patients with bipolar disorder. The participants' metabolic syndrome was determined according to the criteria set by Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program–Adult Treatment Panel III. Hyperhomocysteinemia was considered as homocysteine levels higher than 15 µmol/L. Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, student t test, Mann-Whitney test, and logistic regression were used for data analysis. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was not significantly different (P = 0.07) between patients with schizophrenia (27%) and bipolar disorder (39%). No statistically significant difference (P = 0.17) was observed between patients with schizophrenia (82%) and bipolar disorder (74%) in the prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia. The results of multivariable logistic regression model showed a significant association of smoking and BMI with metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia (OR = 3.69, 95% CI: 1.13-12.05, and OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.20-1.60, respectively). In patients with bipolar disorder, BMI was a significant predictor of developing metabolic syndrome (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.14-1.47). Metabolic syndrome was more prevalent in women than in men in both diagnostic groups (P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in hyperhomocysteinemia prevalence between male and female patients with schizophrenia (P = 1.00). However, hyperhomocysteinemia was more prevalent in males than in females among patients with bipolar disorder (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Findings showed a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome and hyperhomocysteinemia among patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. To deal with this problem, regular monitoring and conducting early interventions are recommended to determine the metabolic risk profile and to prevent the cardiovascular diseases.

Download Full-text