scholarly journals Lessons Learned to Control COVID-19 to Prevent a Crisis: The Case of Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 529-530
Author(s):  
Javad Nazari ◽  
Saeed Amini ◽  
Mohammadreza Amiresmaili
Keyword(s):  
Patient Care ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Central Province ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
First Case ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Improving Patient Care ◽  
And Control

Following the detection of the first case of infection due to COVID-19 in Iran central province (named Markazi) on 18 Feb 2020, a serious alert was announced at Arak University of Medical Sciences (the main medical university in Markazi province) to prevent a disaster. The performed measures played a unique role in improving patient care and prevention and control of the disease. Previously, it was expected that Markazi province, due to being situated on the junction of the national highways and placing in the center of Iran, was faced with huge health and social crisis. However, fortunately, the disease morbidity and mortality have been placed in a stabilized status after 7 weeks of the epidemic.

Epidemiology of HIV in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-236
Author(s):  
Zeinab Najafi ◽  
Leila Taj ◽  
Omid Dadras ◽  
Fatemeh Ghadimi ◽  
Banafsheh Moradmand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Key Populations ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
First Case ◽  
And Control ◽  
Hiv Aids

: Iran has been one of the active countries fighting against HIV/AIDS in the Middle East during the last decades. Moreover, there is a strong push to strengthen the national health management system concerning HIV prevention and control. In Iran, HIV disease has its unique features, from changes in modes of transmission to improvement in treatment and care programs, which can make it a good case for closer scrutiny. The present review describes the HIV epidemic in Iran from the first case diagnosed until prevention among different groups at risk and co-infections. Not only we addressed the key populations and community-based attempts to overcome HIV-related issues in clinics, but we also elaborated on the efforts and trends in society and the actual behaviors related to HIV/AIDS. Being located in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, given the countryspecific characteristics, and despite all the national efforts along with other countries in this region, Iran still needs to take extra measures to reduce HIV transmission, especially in health education. Although Iran is one of the pioneers in implementing applicable and appropriate policies in the MENA region, including harm reduction services to reduce HIV incidence, people with substance use disorder continue to be the majority of those living with HIV in the country. Similar to other countries in this region, the HIV prevention and control programs aim at 90-90-90 targets to eliminate HIV infection and reduce the transmission, especially the mother-to-child transmission and among other key populations.

scholarly journals Evaluating the effectiveness of measures to control the novel coronavirus disease 2019 in Jilin Province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinglong Zhao ◽  
Yao Wang ◽  
Meng Yang ◽  
Meina Li ◽  
Zeyu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Jilin Province ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
First Case ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Based on differences in populations and prevention and control measures, the spread of new coronary pneumonia in different countries and regions also differs. This study aimed to calculate the transmissibility of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and to evaluate the effectiveness of measures to control the disease in Jilin Province, China. Methods The data of reported COVID-19 cases were collected, including imported and local cases from Jilin Province as of March 14, 2019. A Susceptible–Exposed–Infectious–Asymptomatic–Recovered/Removed (SEIAR) model was developed to fit the data, and the effective reproduction number (Reff) was calculated at different stages in the province. Finally, the effectiveness of the measures was assessed. Results A total of 97 COVID-19 infections were reported in Jilin Province, among which 45 were imported infections (including one asymptomatic infection) and 52 were local infections (including three asymptomatic infections). The model fit the reported data well (R2 = 0.593, P < 0.001). The Reff of COVID-19 before and after February 1, 2020 was 1.64 and 0.05, respectively. Without the intervention taken on February 1, 2020, the predicted cases would have reached a peak of 177,011 on October 22, 2020 (284 days from the first case). The projected number of cases until the end of the outbreak (on October 9, 2021) would have been 17,129,367, with a total attack rate of 63.66%. Based on the comparison between the predicted incidence of the model and the actual incidence, the comprehensive intervention measures implemented in Jilin Province on February 1 reduced the incidence of cases by 99.99%. Therefore, according to the current measures and implementation efforts, Jilin Province can achieve good control of the virus’s spread. Conclusions COVID-19 has a moderate transmissibility in Jilin Province, China. The interventions implemented in the province had proven effective; increasing social distancing and a rapid response by the prevention and control system will help control the spread of the disease.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of a Foot and Mouth Disease Outbreak Control Programme in Thailand 2008–2015: Case Studies and Lessons Learned

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terdsak Yano ◽  
Sith Premashthira ◽  
Tosapol Dejyong ◽  
Sahatchai Tangtrongsup ◽  
Mo D. Salman
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
And Control

Three Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreaks in northern Thailand that occurred during the implementation of the national FMD strategic plan in 2008–2015 are described to illustrate the lessons learned and to improve the prevention and control of future outbreaks. In 2008, during a FMD outbreak on a dairy farm, milk delivery was banned for 30 days. This was a part of movement management, a key strategy for FMD control in dairy farms in the area. In 2009, more than half the animals on a pig farm were affected by FMD. Animal quarantine and restricted animal movement played a key role in preventing the spread of FMD. In 2010, FMD infection was reported in a captive elephant. The suspected source of virus was a FMD-infected cow on the same premises. The infected elephant was moved to an elephant hospital that was located in a different province before the diagnosis was confirmed. FMD education was given to elephant veterinarians to promote FMD prevention and control strategies in this unique species. These three cases illustrate how differences in outbreak circumstances and species require the implementation of a variety of different FMD control and prevention measures. Control measures and responses should be customized in different outbreak situations.

scholarly journals Ending preventable child deaths from pneumonia and diarrhoea by 2025. Development of the integrated Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Pneumonia and Diarrhoea

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. S23-S28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamim Qazi ◽  
Samira Aboubaker ◽  
Rachel MacLean ◽  
Olivier Fontaine ◽  
Carsten Mantel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Child Deaths ◽  
Global Action ◽  
And Control ◽  
Global Action Plan

Despite the existence of low-cost and effective interventions for childhood pneumonia and diarrhoea, these conditions remain two of the leading killers of young children. Based on feedback from health professionals in countries with high child mortality, in 2009, WHO and Unicef began conceptualising an integrated approach for pneumonia and diarrhoea control. As part of this initiative, WHO and Unicef, with support from other partners, conducted a series of five workshops to facilitate the inclusion of coordinated actions for pneumonia and diarrhoea into the national health plans of 36 countries with high child mortality. This paper presents the findings from workshop and postworkshop follow-up activities and discusses the contribution of these findings to the development of the integrated Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Pneumonia and Diarrhoea, which outlines the necessary actions for elimination of preventable child deaths from pneumonia and diarrhoea by 2025. Though this goal is ambitious, it is attainable through concerted efforts. By applying the lessons learned thus far and continuing to build upon them, and by leveraging existing political will and momentum for child survival, national governments and their supporting partners can ensure that preventable child deaths from pneumonia and diarrhoea are eventually eliminated.

scholarly journals Reflecting on the first two COVID-19 deaths in Uganda: a public health case study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Kawuki ◽  
Quraish Sserwanja ◽  
Nathan Obore ◽  
Johnson Wang ◽  
Joseph Lau
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Support Staff ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
The Public ◽  
First Case ◽  
Health Relevance ◽  
And Control

Abstract Objective: COVID-19 being a rapidly evolving pandemic, early lessons from the first deaths must be learnt to help feed into the public health guidelines. This study, therefore, aims to present the first two deaths due to COVID-19 in Uganda and their public health relevance.Cases: The first case was a 34-year female and support staff at a health center II. She first presented with COVID-19 like symptoms before dying on 21st July 2020. The second case was an 80 years old female, who also presented with COVID-19 like symptoms before dying on 24th July 2020. The postmortem samples of both cases were confirmed positive for COVID-19. Conclusion: This study identifies a need for timely identification and testing of COVID-19 suspects, strengthening of health center capacity, as well as more awareness for effective prevention and control of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Covid-19 pandemic: chronicle of responses and experiences of the infection prevention and control committee at a tertiary hospital in southwest Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1093-1099
Author(s):  
Akinwumi Ayodeji Akinbodewa ◽  
Michael Simidele Odimayo ◽  
Olorunfemi Akinbode Ogundele ◽  
Tosin Oluwapelumi Ogunleye ◽  
Olanrewaju Olayinka Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Healthcare Management ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
And Control

Since the advent of 2019-Corona virus Disease (COVID-19) in Nigeria in February 2020, the number of confirmed cases has risen astronomically to over 61,307 cases within 8 months with more than 812 healthcare workers infected and some recorded deaths within their ranks. Infection prevention and control is a key component in ensuring safety of healthcare workers in the hospital as health- care-associated infection is one of the most common complications of healthcare management. Unbridled transmission of infection can lead to shortage of healthcare personnel, reduced system efficiency, increased morbidity and mortality among patients and in some instances, total collapse of healthcare delivery services. The Infection Prevention and Control Committee is a recognised group by the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention with their core programmes including drawing up activities, procedures and policies designed to achieve above-stated objectives before, during and after any disease outbreak, especially emerging and re-emerging ones such as the 2019 Coronavirus Disease. In this report, we highlight the roles played by the Infection Prevention and Control Committee of the University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital to prevent the spread of COVID-19 within and outside the hospital community and the lessons learned to date. Keywords: COVID-19; infection prevention; infection control; Nigeria.

scholarly journals Challenges and opportunities for Iranian global health diplomacy: lessons learned from action for prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Asadi-Lari ◽  
Ahmad Ahmadi Teymourlouy ◽  
Mohammadreza Maleki ◽  
Leila Eslambolchi ◽  
Mahnaz Afshari
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Healthcare Management ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Global Health Diplomacy ◽  
Health Diplomacy ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background The steady rise in noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide has been a key global health challenge. Governments have the primary responsibility for taking action to prevent and control NCDs. Given the growing importance of globalization of healthcare as well as the increasing use of soft power, governments need to identify challenges and opportunities to enhance global health diplomacy (GHD) for NCD prevention and control. The purpose of this qualitative research was to explain the challenges and opportunities of GHD for NCDs in Iran. Methods This study was conducted in 2020 using a qualitative approach and through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 21 experts and specialists in related fields such as health policy, healthcare management, epidemiology and other related specialties. The participants were selected from all levels of diplomacy, including global, regional and national levels, with at least 3 years of experience in managerial, executive and scientific activities. Data analysis was performed by content analysis with an inductive approach. Data were analysed using inductive content analysis. Results The identified challenges were categorized into five main themes, including content challenges, structural challenges, process challenges, governance challenges and cultural challenges. Opportunities extracted from the interviews were also categorized into four main themes, including strong political will, utilizing the capacity of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), multisectoral collaborations and a well-developed health system. Conclusions NCD prevention and control requires a multilateral collaboration-based solution. Recognition of the challenges and opportunities in GHD can help draw significant lessons for building the necessary capacities and implementing more effective policies to prevent and control NCDs.

scholarly journals Celebrating the World Breastfeeding Week in the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic in Southern Nigeria: Lessons Learned

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-57
Author(s):  
A. R. Nte ◽  
G. K. Eke
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Virtual Meetings ◽  
And Control

Background: The annual World Breastfeeding Week (WBW) celebration has been a period of massive interaction with stakeholders through various means and sharing of information related to the promotion, protection and support of breastfeeding since its inception in 1992. However, with the advent of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and subsequent uncertainties about the fate of breastfeeding on one hand, and the imposed measures for COVID-19 infection prevention and control on the other, there was need to modify the traditional way of celebrating the Week to ensure that knowledge about the COVID-19-breastfeeding dyad is communicated to relevant stakeholders while complying with the COVID-19 preventive protocols. Aims: To share experiences and document lessons learned from the celebration of the 2020 WBW which can be reflected upon and used for improving on strategies to protect, promote and support breastfeeding even amidst the restrictions imposed by the protocols for the prevention and control of COVID-19 infection. Place of Study: University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Nigeria. Methodology: The Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) Committee of the UPTH has celebrated the annual WBW every 1st to 7th August for the past 22 years (1997-2019). The reports of events of previous WBW Celebrations were retrieved and the format of the various activities was compared with that of activities for the 2020 WBW Celebration, which took place in the era of COVID-19 pandemic. The findings are presented in tables. Results: Activities for the celebration of WBW in the pre-COVID-19 era usually included physical meetings for the sensitisation of the hospital communities/stakeholders, radio/television sessions, information sharing in various places of religious activities and a rally to interact with the community people. During the COVID-19 pandemic, new strategies for celebration of the WBW were adopted, including among others, virtual meetings, decentralisation of sensitisation of the hospital’s clientele and a physical meeting for the sensitisation of the Hospital Management Committee. Positive outcomes of the 2020 Celebration included the management’s commitment to the promotion, protection and support of breastfeeding, participation in the webinars by stakeholders from within and outside the hospital/Rivers State and establishment of collaborations with several partners. Lesson learned included among others, the celebration of the Week by many stakeholders, the reduced cost of celebration due to the absence of physical meetings and their attendant costs. The personalised invitation of all departments, units and professional associations secured their commitments to breastfeeding. Decentralising the celebration facilitated the adaptation of the messages to the needs of different clienteles and strengthening of members from different departments to promote, protect and support breastfeeding in their work environment. However, the poor participation of the hospital community in the virtual meetings attributable to lack of experience and the cost of participation were setbacks to the targets of the Committee. Conclusion: The era of the COVID-19 pandemic provided a good opportunity to engage stakeholders from within and outside the hospital for the support of breastfeeding as a safe infant feeding option in the midst of COVID-19 and introduced a new normal, the use of virtual meetings to promote, protect and support breastfeeding in a cost effective manner. The celebration of the Week reiterated the role of breastfeeding for ensuring planetary health which was being challenged by the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Intersectoral Collaborations for the Prevention and Control of Vector Borne Diseases: A Scoping Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma. Sophia Graciela L. Reyes ◽  
Chelseah Denise H. Torres ◽  
Amiel Nazer C. Bermudez ◽  
Kim L. Cochon ◽  
Evalyn A. Roxas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Comprehensive Framework ◽  
And Control ◽  
And Training

Objectives. This scoping review aimed to support a landscape analysis to identify lessons learned about intersectoral collaborations (ISCs) by describing their existing models in the context of dengue, malaria and yellow fever. Methods. A scoping review following the methodology of Joanna Briggs Institute was performed using the following inclusion criteria: studies involving humans; studies discussing intersectoral collaborations, malaria/dengue/yellow fever, and prevention or control at any level; and studies in countries endemic for the aforementioned diseases. Studies were screened using Covidence, while data were extracted using NVivo. Results. Of the 7,535 records retrieved, 69 were included in the qualitative analysis. Most ISCs were initiated by multilateral organizations and ministries of health, and none by communities. Strategies included advocacy, health education, research, public health measures, resource mobilization, service delivery and training; mostly employed on a community level. Monitoring and evaluation were mostly formative, ongoing, and participatory. Gaps included administrative and policy barriers, resource shortages, and inadequate research and training. Conclusions. Multiple models of ISC exist in the literature. There is a need to develop a comprehensive framework for an effective and sustainable multisectoral approach for the prevention and control of VBDs ensuring adequate resources, active stakeholders, and strategies that span the entire socio-ecological spectrum.

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