Pharmaceutical Drug Nanocrystals: Role in Dermal Delivery

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-310
Author(s):  
Manish Kumar ◽  
Nithya Shanthi ◽  
Arun Kumar Mahato
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drug ◽  
Dermal Delivery ◽  
Biopharmaceutical Classification System ◽  
Class Iv

Introduction: Nanocrystals constitutes of 100% drug and considered as a “new drug” by Food and Drug Administration. It is proven to be an effective alternative for topical delivery of drug with increased bioavailability. Recently formulation of the drug as nanocrystals has been accomplished for many drugs exhibiting low aqueous solubility, ineffective permeability or both in order to increase the dermal bioavailability. Conclusion: In this review article, an effort was made to explain the role of nanocrystals in the dermal delivery of the drug which results in increased bioavailability and efficacy through enhancement of solubility, dissolution velocity, permeation and penetration. Recently dermal delivery of the drug as nanocrystals is a challenging method but explained by many researchers through their work. Preparation of drugs as nanocrystals might be a promising method of drug delivery to Class II and Class IV drugs of Biopharmaceutical Classification System. Drug nanocrystals can also be applied in cosmetics for effective results.

scholarly journals Dendrimers and their Applications: A Review Article

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mughisa Munir ◽  
Muhammad Hanif ◽  
Nazar Muhammad Ranjha
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
Pamam Dendrimers ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Surface Groups ◽  
Convergent Method ◽  
Routes Of Drug Administration

Dendrimers are the valuable additives in different routes of drug administration and are the most successful agents, because dendrimers provide greater biocompatibility, water solubility and bioavailability. In this review, synthesis structures, method of preparation have been discussed. Interaction mechanisms between dendrimer molecules and active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), like simple encapsulation and covalent conjugation and the recent applications of dendrimers have also been focused. Divergent method of poly amidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers is found to be more applicable as compare to convergent method and PAMAM are also considered as ideal carriers for drug delivery because of large variety of surface groups, high aqueous solubility, and their unique architecture. 

A comprehensive insight on self emulsifying drug delivery systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renu Kadian ◽  
Arun Nanda
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagram ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Hydrophobic Drug ◽  
Lipophilic Drugs ◽  
Factors Affecting

Background: The oral route is a highly recommended route for the delivery of a drug. But most lipophilic drugs are difficult to deliver via this route due to their low aqueous solubility. Selfemulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) have emerged as a potential approach of increasing dissolution of a hydrophobic drug due to spontaneous dispersion in micron or nano sized globules in the GI tract under mild agitation. Objective: The main motive of this review article is to describe the mechanisms, advantages, disadvantages, factors affecting, effects of excipients, possible mechanisms of enhancing bioavailability, and evaluation of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems. Result: Self emulsifying systems incorporate the hydrophobic drug inside the oil globules, and a monolayer is formed by surfactants to provide the low interfacial tension, which leads to improvement in the dissolution rate of hydrophobic drugs. The globule size of self-emulsifying systems depends upon the type and ratio of excipients in which they are used. The ternary phase diagram is constructed to find out the range of concentration of excipients used. This review article also presents recent and updated patents on self-emulsifying drug delivery systems. Self-emulsifying systems have the ability to enhance the oral bioavailability and solubility of lipophilic drugs. Conclusion: This technique offers further advantages such as bypassing the first pass metabolism via absorption of drugs through the lymphatic system, easy manufacturing, reducing enzymatic hydrolysis, inter and intra subject variability, and food effects.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF LIPID BASED SELF EMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF GLIMEPIRIDE

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
K Sneha Latha ◽  
◽  
G. B Kiran Kumar ◽  
G. A Mohammed ◽  
S.K Chowdary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Dissolution Rate ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Low Solubility ◽  
Biopharmaceutical Classification System

Aim of the present investigation was to develop lipid based self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) to improve bioavailability of glimepiride. Glimepiride is a class II molecule according to BCS (Biopharmaceutical Classification System), having low solubility. Optimized self-emulsifying drug delivery system of glimepiride comprising oil (oleic acid), surfactant (Tween 80®) and co-surfactant (PEG 200®) was prepared. Optimized SEDDS of glimepiride showed increase in dissolution rate. It was concluded that the formulation was found to be showing significant improvement in terms of the drug release with complete release of drug within 18 minutes. Thus, self-emulsifying formulation of glimepiride was successfully developed.

Molecular salts of quinine. A crystal engineering route to enhance the aqueous solubility

CrystEngComm ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indira S Divya ◽  
Amrutha Surendran ◽  
Sunil SeethaLekshmi ◽  
Sunil Varughese
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Engineering ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Bcs Class Ii ◽  
Molecular Salts ◽  
Aliphatic Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Biopharmaceutical Classification System

The anti-malarial drug quinine (QUN) has poor aqueous solubility and belongs to Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) Class-II. We report 12 novel molecular salts of QUN with α,ω-aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, and...

Review: Emerging role of nanosuspensions for drug delivery and stability

2021 ◽  
Vol 06 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitesh Kumar Dewangan ◽  
Brijesh Yadav ◽  
Manas Kumar Jha
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Active Surface Area ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Media Milling ◽  
Advanced Therapies ◽  
Processing Techniques

: Poor aqueous solubility of some of the drug molecules are of a major concern, which can be emerged in the nano-suspension for better delivery. Coming up to the nanoparticles, it enhances the bioavailability along with the aqueous solubility of the drug which is accomplished by increasing the active surface area of the drug. The gained attention of the nanosuspension is due to its stabilization facility which is done by polymers such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) having a particular size range of 10-100 nm. Hence, to our notice, these nanoparticles have the capacity of binding in the targeted parts with a very low damage to the healthy tissues. These are seen to be prepared by various methods such as media milling, high pressure homogenization, and emulsification along with melt emulsification. Apart it can also be seen that surface modification and solidification have been used to add specific properties to the advanced therapies as post-processing techniques. These days, it is very evident that the drugs are water insoluble and thus have a poor bioavailability which have been developed from the drug delivery programmes and in order to combat this obstacle, nanotechnology have been found to be of specific interest. In order to elevate the bioavailability by increasing the dissolution rate, the methodology of reduction of the associated drug particles into its subsequent submicron range is incorporated. For oral and non-oral administration, these nanosuspensions formulations are used for delivering of the drugs.

COMPARATIVE PHARMACEUTICAL EVALUATION OF VARIABLE RETAIL PRICED MEDICINES CONTAINING BIOPHARMACEUTICAL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM CLASS-II OR CLASS-IV DRUGS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
Mahesh S. Soni ◽  
◽  
Atmaram P. Pawar ◽  
Chellampillai Bothiraja ◽  
Vinod L. Gaikwad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Everted Gut Sac ◽  
The Right ◽  
Biopharmaceutical Classification System ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Class Iv

The purpose of the present study is to highlight the discriminations if any, between the quality of low and high-cost medicines, which would help to select the right brand of medicine. In the present work, brands of medicines having high, medium, and low prices containing either of biopharmaceutical classification system class-II or class-IV drugs were comparatively evaluated for different pharmacopoeial standards as well as for biopharmaceutical classification system solubility and permeability. An ex vivo permeability test was carried out using a simple and non-invasive everted gut sac technique. Insignificant variation in pharmaceutical quality and permeability of the tested three types of brands was observed; however, the study could not consider the state of quality assurance facilities and parameters used while manufacturing these medicines. The study will help to make aware and assure medical and pharmacy practitioners and consumers for the selection of quality quality generic medicines.

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