Application of quantum dots in drug delivery

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subham Jain N ◽  
Preeti S ◽  
Amit B Patil
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Quantum Confinement Effect ◽  
Semiconductor Nanocrystals ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Research Field ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Potential Candidate

Background: The nanotechnology which has vast growth in the research field and the outcome product of nanotechnology is nanoparticles. Quantum dots with a size range of 2-10nm represents a new form in nanotechnology materials. It has showed widespread attention in recent years in the field of science and its application in drug delivery. Quantum dots are semiconductor nanocrystals which possess interesting properties and characteristics such as unique optical properties, quantum confinement effect and emit fluorescence on excitation with a light source which makes them a potential candidate for nano-probes and for carriers for biological application. Objective: The objective of the article is to explain the role and application of Quantum dots in drug delivery and its future application in pharmaceutical science and research. This review focuses on drug delivery through Quantum dots and Quantum dots helping nanocarriers for drug delivery. The development of QD nano-carriers for drugs has become a hotspot in the fields of nano-drug research. The Quantum Dot labelled nano-carrier can able to deliver the drugs with fewer side effects and it can able to trace the drug location in the body. Results: The Fluorescent emission of Quantum dots is better than other organic dyes which leads to better drug delivery for cancer or acting as a tag for other drug carriers. Conclusion: Because of emission property of Quantum Dots, it can be said used with other drug carriers and later it can be traced with the help of Quantum Dots. Quantum dots can be said as smart Drug delivery.

Biocompatible Nanovesicular Drug Delivery Systems with Targeting Potential for Autoimmune Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (42) ◽  
pp. 5488-5502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yub Raj Neupane ◽  
Asiya Mahtab ◽  
Lubna Siddiqui ◽  
Archu Singh ◽  
Namrata Gautam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Autoimmune Response ◽  
Treatment Modalities

Autoimmune diseases are collectively addressed as chronic conditions initiated by the loss of one’s immunological tolerance, where the body treats its own cells as foreigners or self-antigens. These hay-wired antibodies or immunologically capable cells lead to a variety of disorders like rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis and recently included neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s, Parkinsonism and testicular cancer triggered T-cells induced autoimmune response in testes and brain. Conventional treatments for autoimmune diseases possess several downsides due to unfavourable pharmacokinetic behaviour of drug, reflected by low bioavailability, rapid clearance, offsite toxicity, restricted targeting ability and poor therapeutic outcomes. Novel nanovesicular drug delivery systems including liposomes, niosomes, proniosomes, ethosomes, transferosomes, pharmacosomes, ufasomes and biologically originated exosomes have proved to possess alluring prospects in supporting the combat against autoimmune diseases. These nanovesicles have revitalized available treatment modalities as they are biocompatible, biodegradable, less immunogenic and capable of carrying high drug payloads to deliver both hydrophilic as well as lipophilic drugs to specific sites via passive or active targeting. Due to their unique surface chemistry, they can be decorated with physiological or synthetic ligands to target specific receptors overexpressed in different autoimmune diseases and can even cross the blood-brain barrier. This review presents exhaustive yet concise information on the potential of various nanovesicular systems as drug carriers in improving the overall therapeutic efficiency of the dosage regimen for various autoimmune diseases. The role of endogenous exosomes as biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of autoimmune diseases along with monitoring progress of treatment will also be highlighted.

scholarly journals Resealed Erythrocytes as Drug Carriers and Its Therapeutic Applications

2017 ◽  
pp. 459-485
Author(s):  
Prabhakar Singh ◽  
Sudhakar Singh ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Kesharwani
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Ideal

In this pharma innovative world, there are more than 30 drug delivery systems. Today's due to lacking the target specificity, the present scenario about drug delivery is emphasizing towards targeted drug delivery systems. Erythrocytes are the most common type of blood cells travel thousands of miles from wide to narrow pathways to deliver oxygen, drugs and nutrient during their lifetime. Red blood cells have strong and targeted potential carrier capabilities for varieties of drugs. Drug-loaded carrier erythrocytes or resealed erythrocytes are promising for various passive and active targeting. Resealed erythrocyte have advantage over several drug carrier models like biocompatibility, biodegradability without toxic products, inert intracellular environment, entrapping potential for a variety of chemicals, protection of the organism against toxic effects of the drug, able to circulate throughout the body, ideal zero-order drug-release kinetics, no undesired immune response against encapsulated drug etc. Resealed erythrocytes are rapidly taken up by macrophages of the Reticuloendothelial System (RES) of the liver, lung, and spleen of the body and hence drugs also. Resealed erythrocytes method of drugs delivery is secure and effective for drugs targeting specially for a longer period of time. This chapter will explain the different method of drug loading for resealed erythrocytes, their characterization, and applications in various therapies and associated health benefits.

Resealed Erythrocytes as Drug Carriers and Its Therapeutic Applications

2016 ◽  
pp. 340-366
Author(s):  
Prabhakar Singh ◽  
Sudhakar Singh ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Kesharwani
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Ideal

In this pharma innovative world, there are more than 30 drug delivery systems. Today's due to lacking the target specificity, the present scenario about drug delivery is emphasizing towards targeted drug delivery systems. Erythrocytes are the most common type of blood cells travel thousands of miles from wide to narrow pathways to deliver oxygen, drugs and nutrient during their lifetime. Red blood cells have strong and targeted potential carrier capabilities for varieties of drugs. Drug-loaded carrier erythrocytes or resealed erythrocytes are promising for various passive and active targeting. Resealed erythrocyte have advantage over several drug carrier models like biocompatibility, biodegradability without toxic products, inert intracellular environment, entrapping potential for a variety of chemicals, protection of the organism against toxic effects of the drug, able to circulate throughout the body, ideal zero-order drug-release kinetics, no undesired immune response against encapsulated drug etc. Resealed erythrocytes are rapidly taken up by macrophages of the Reticuloendothelial System (RES) of the liver, lung, and spleen of the body and hence drugs also. Resealed erythrocytes method of drugs delivery is secure and effective for drugs targeting specially for a longer period of time. This chapter will explain the different method of drug loading for resealed erythrocytes, their characterization, and applications in various therapies and associated health benefits.

Biocompatible Carbon Nanodots for Functional Imaging and Cancer Therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Roumenov Loukanov ◽  
Hristo Stefanov Gagov ◽  
Milena Yankova Mishonova ◽  
Seiichiro Nakabayashi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Carbon Quantum Dots ◽  
Photon Absorption ◽  
Carbon Nanodots ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Bio Imaging

This article describes how carbon quantum dots (C-dots) are tiny carbon nanoparticles (less than 10 nm in size) being envisaged to be used in bio-sensing, bio-imaging and drug delivery nanosystems. Their low toxicity and stable chemical properties make them suitable candidates for new types of fluorescent probe, which overcome the common drawbacks of previous fluorescent probes (organic dyes and inorganic quantum dots). In addition, fluorescent C-dots possess a rather strong ability to bind with other organic and inorganic molecules due to their abundant surface groups. For that reason, fluorescent C-dots can be manipulated via series of controllable chemical treatments in order to satisfy the demands in the photocatalytic, biochemical and chemical sensing, bio-imaging, drug delivery and enhanced cell targeting. In recent studies it was described the development of carbon quantum dots with large two-photon absorption cross sections towards two-photon imaging for use in photodynamic cancer therapy. Thus, C-dots have become a rising star in biomedical research with a promising future for the application in nanomedicine.

scholarly journals Biosynthesised Drug-Loaded Silver Nanoparticles: A Vivid Agent for Drug Delivery for Human Breast Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1839-1846
Author(s):  
Pradeepa Varadharajaperumal
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Drug Bioavailability ◽  
Resonance Band

The use of nanoparticles as drug carriers has been investigated, and it offers various benefits, including the controlled and targeted release of loaded or associated drugs, as well as enhanced drug bioavailability. They do, however, have certain disadvantages, such as in vivo toxicity, which affects all organs, including healthy ones, and overall disease treatment improvement, which might be undetectable or limited. Silver nanoparticles are being studied more and more due to their unique physical, chemical, and optical properties, which allow them to be used in a variety of applications, including drug delivery to specific targets in the body. Given the constraints of traditional cancer treatment, such as low bioavailability and the resulting usage of high doses that produce side effects, attempts to address these challenges are essential. In this work, Biocompatible Silver nanoparticles (AgNps) loaded with tamoxifen have been prepared using the gelation process. Tamoxifen-loaded green synthesized AgNps are reported to be amorphous. The phytochemicals present in the extract of Hemionitis arifolia leaf were responsible for the reduction of silver nitrate to AgNPs. The functional groups existing in the particles were identified with FT-IR analysis. XRD analysis state that the particles were crystalline in nature and arranged in quartzite crystal. Particle size and shape were illustrated from SEM analysis and revealed that the particles were amorphous in nature. UV-visible spectrophotometer showed the band around 440nm which was identified as “surface Plasmon resonance band”. The synthesized AgNps loaded with tamoxifen were significantly effective against Human breast cancer cells. The silver nanoparticle loaded with tamoxifen was found to be inducing apoptotic signals in the selected cells. It inhibits the breast cancer cells even at the lower concentration of AgNPs and TAM-AgNPs. Further apoptotic studies (AO/EtBr and DAPI) reveal that cell death is due to the fragmentation of nuclear material of the treated cells.

Quantum Dots Based Optical Sensors

2012 ◽  
Vol 326-328 ◽  
pp. 682-689
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Lobnik ◽  
Špela Korent Urek ◽  
Matejka Turel
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Semiconductor Nanocrystals ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Chemical Systems ◽  
Luminescent Sensors ◽  
Luminescent Nanoparticles ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
New Applications

Luminescent sensors are chemical systems that can deliver information on the presence of selected analytes through the variations in their luminescence emission. With the advent of luminescent nanoparticles several new applications in the field of chemical sensing were explored. Among them, quantum dots (QD) represent inorganic semiconductor nanocrystals that are advantageous over conventional organic dyes from many different points of view. In this short review, the optical detection of various analytes using QD-based probes/sensors is presented and significant sensors characteristics are discussed. The biosensing approaches are not included in this article.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity of Ni-Doped Zn(Se,S) Quantum Dots

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Cruz-Acuña ◽  
Sonia Bailón-Ruiz ◽  
Carlos R. Marti-Figueroa ◽  
Ricardo Cruz-Acuña ◽  
Oscar J. Perales-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Semiconductor Nanocrystals ◽  
Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Potential Toxicity ◽  
Light Excitation

Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor nanocrystals with desirable optical properties for biological applications, such as bioimaging and drug delivery. However, the potential toxicity of these nanostructures in biological systems limits their application. The present work is focused on the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of the toxicity of water-stable Ni-doped Zn(Se,S) QDs. Also, the study of nondoped nanostructures was included for comparison purposes. Ni-doped nanostructures were produced from zinc chloride and selenide aqueous solutions in presence of 3-mercaptopropionic acid and Ni molar concentration of 0.001 M. In order to evaluate the potential cytoxicity of these doped nanostructures, human pancreatic carcinoma cells (PANC-1) were used as model. The cell viability was monitored in presence of Ni-doped Zn(Se,S) QDs at concentrations ranging from 0 μg/mL to 500 μg/mL and light excited Ni-doped Zn(Se,S) nanostructures were evaluated at 50 μg/mL. Results suggested that Ni-doped Zn(Se,S) nanostructures were completely safe to PANC-1 when concentrations from 0 μg/mL to 500 μg/mL were used, whereas non-doped nanostructures evidenced toxicity at concentrations higher than 200 μg/mL. Also, Ni-doped Zn(Se,S) QDs under light excitation do not evidence toxicity to PANC-1. These findings suggest strongly that Zn(Se,S) nanostructures doped with nickel could be used in a safe manner in light-driving biological applications and drug delivery.

Water Soluble Silicon Quantum Dots Grafted with Amoxicillin as a Drug Delivery System

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 4624-4628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dowoo Ki ◽  
Honglae Sohn
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Burst Release ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Silicon Quantum Dots ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Soluble Silicon

Water soluble silicon quantum dots (Si QDs) are prepared and used for the measurement of the efficiency for the controlled release drug delivery. Amoxicillin, antibiotics, is covalently grafted with Si QDs through a surface derivatization reaction. Si QDs are embedded in hydrogel polymer. The release of amoxicillin has been measured by using Ultra violet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectrometer. Amoxicillin-embedded hydrogels exhibit a burst release for 1 h, however covalently loaded Amoxi-Si QDs hydrogel composite exhibited very slow release. Absorption analysis reveals that the Si QDs exhibits a great potential candidate for controlled release of drug. The controlled drugrelease profiles depend on the hydrolysis of amoxicillin from the surface of Si QDs.

scholarly journals Alterations in Cellular Processes Involving Vesicular Trafficking and Implications in Drug Delivery

Biomimetics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Muro
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Vesicular Transport ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Vesicular Trafficking ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Cellular Models ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Body Compartments ◽  
Biological Environment

Endocytosis and vesicular trafficking are cellular processes that regulate numerous functions required to sustain life. From a translational perspective, they offer avenues to improve the access of therapeutic drugs across cellular barriers that separate body compartments and into diseased cells. However, the fact that many factors have the potential to alter these routes, impacting our ability to effectively exploit them, is often overlooked. Altered vesicular transport may arise from the molecular defects underlying the pathological syndrome which we aim to treat, the activity of the drugs being used, or side effects derived from the drug carriers employed. In addition, most cellular models currently available do not properly reflect key physiological parameters of the biological environment in the body, hindering translational progress. This article offers a critical overview of these topics, discussing current achievements, limitations and future perspectives on the use of vesicular transport for drug delivery applications.

scholarly journals Protein nano-cages: Novel carriers for optimized targeted remedy

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negar Etehad Roudi ◽  
Neda Saraygord-Afshari ◽  
Maryam Hemmaty
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Multiple Protein ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Novel Protein

Since 1980, when the idea of drug-delivery was proposed, various drug-carriers have been developed, including DNA, proteins, liposomes and several other polymer cages, consisting of many well established natural and synthetic nano-particles. All these drug-carriers can self-assemble in the body and can be manipulated for safer delivery into target tissues. By definition, nano-scale drug delivery systems encompass any structure (either cage or particle) in the form of solid colloids, which range in size from 10 nm to 100 nm. Today, optimization of these nano drug-vehicles is a topic in many research centers. Researchers are trying to improve the carrier’s solubility and their loading capacity and also wish to increase the half-life of drug delivery cargos in target tissues. Efforts in recent years have led to the introduction of novel protein nano-cages composed of multiple protein subunits, which self-assemble within a superfine and precise format. Science their introduction these promising structure have shown many unique characteristics, including low toxicity, bio-system compatibility, minor immunogenicity, high solubility, and a relatively easy production in large scale. Herein, we review and discuss the recently developed protein nano-carriers that are used as drug cargos for targeted delivery and/or diagnostic tools.

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