scholarly journals Beneficial Role of Vitexin and Isovitexin Flavonoids in the Vascular Endothelium and Cardiovascular System

2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon O. Azubuike-Osu ◽  
Ikenna C. Ohanenye ◽  
Claus Jacob ◽  
Chukwunonso E.C.C. Ejike ◽  
Chibuike C. Udenigwe
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Medicinal Products

Abstract: Various medicinal plants contain phenolic compounds, which are useful in the treatment of many disease conditions. Particularly, vitexin and its isomer, isovitexin, possess many pharmacological effects including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, and antinociceptive activities. Current research has provided evidence for the prospective use of vitexin and isovitexin in the formulation of medicinal products useful in the prevention and treatment of specific ailments. The aim of this review was therefore to examine the influence of vitexin and isovitexin on the vascular system as well as the possible mechanisms through which the flavonoids exert their effects. The review also discussed the importance of vitexin and isovitexin in cardiovascular health through the vascular endothelium. In vivo and in vitro studies suggest that vitexin and isovitexin play a cardioprotective role during ischaemic reperfusion injury and angiogenesis, while isovitexin decreases perfusion pressure and increases the bioavailability of nitric oxide. Taken together, vitexin and isovitexin are promising as therapeutic agents for the formulation of nutraceuticals for the prevention, management and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Wide Biological Role of Hydroxytyrosol: Possible Therapeutic and Preventive Properties in Cardiovascular Diseases

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1932
Author(s):  
Chiara D’Angelo ◽  
Sara Franceschelli ◽  
José Luis Quiles ◽  
Lorenza Speranza
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The growing incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has promoted investigations of natural molecules that could prevent and treat CVD. Among these, hydroxytyrosol, a polyphenolic compound of olive oil, is well known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-atherogenic effects. Its strong antioxidant properties are due to the scavenging of radicals and the stimulation of synthesis and activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, HO-1, NOS, COX-2, GSH), which also limit the lipid peroxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, a hallmark of atherosclerosis. Lowered inflammation and oxidative stress and an improved lipid profile were also demonstrated in healthy subjects as well as in metabolic syndrome patients after hydroxytyrosol (HT) supplementation. These results might open a new therapeutic scenario through personalized supplementation of HT in CVDs. This review is the first attempt to collect together scientific literature on HT in both in vitro and in vivo models, as well as in human clinical studies, describing its potential biological effects for cardiovascular health.

scholarly journals The Role of the Adhesion Receptor CD146 and Its Soluble Form in Human Embryo Implantation and Pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Bouvier ◽  
Elise Kaspi ◽  
Ahmad Joshkon ◽  
Odile Paulmyer-Lacroix ◽  
Marie-Dominique Piercecchi-Marti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Angiogenic Factor ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Extravillous Trophoblasts

CD146 is an adhesion molecule essentially located in the vascular system, which has been described to play an important role in angiogenesis. A soluble form of CD146, called sCD146, is detected in the bloodstream and is known as an angiogenic factor. During placental development, CD146 is selectively expressed in extravillous trophoblasts. A growing body of evidence shows that CD146 and, in particular, sCD146, regulate extravillous trophoblasts migration and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. Hereby, we review expression and functions of CD146/sCD146 in the obstetrical field, mainly in pregnancy and in embryo implantation. We emphasized the relevance of quantifying sCD146 in the plasma of pregnant women or in embryo supernatant in the case of in vitro fertilization (IVF) to predict pathological pregnancy such as preeclampsia or implantation defect. This review will also shed light on some major results that led us to define CD146/sCD146 as a biomarker of placental development and paves the way toward identification of new therapeutic targets during implantation and pregnancy.

Role of the vascular endothelium in O2 extraction during progressive ischemia in canine skeletal muscle

1995 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 1351-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Curtis ◽  
B. Vallet ◽  
M. J. Winn ◽  
J. B. Caufield ◽  
C. E. King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Microvascular Endothelium ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
O2 Extraction ◽  
O2 Supply ◽  
O2 Delivery

O2 extraction during progressive ischemia in canine skeletal muscle, J. Appl. Physiol. 79(4): 1351–1360, 1995.--O2 uptake (VO2) is defended during decreased O2 delivery (QO2) by an increase in the O2 extraction ratio (O2ER, VO2/QO2), presumably by recruitment of capillaries. This study tested the hypothesis that activity of the microvascular endothelium plays a necessary role in achievement of maximal O2ER. We pump perfused the vascularly isolated hindlimbs of 24 anesthetized and paralyzed dogs at progressively lower flows over a 90-min period. In eight dogs, hindlimb vascular endothelium was removed by injection of deoxycholate (DOC) into the perfusing artery before the ischemic challenge. DOC treatment resulted in loss of normal in vivo and in vitro endothelium-dependent dilatory responses to acetylcholine, but endothelium-independent vascular smooth muscle responses were intact. Eight other dogs were pretreated with nitro-L-arginine methyl ester plus indomethacin (L+I group) to block the synthesis of the vasodilators nitric oxide and prostacyclin. L+I and DOC treatment were associated with increases in hindlimb vascular resistance of 168 +/- 17 and 63 +/- 12%, respectively. O2ER at critical QO2 (QO2 at which VO2 begins to decrease) was 81 +/- 2% in eight control dogs, 66 +/- 6% in L+I, and 42 +/- 4% in DOC, indicating a significant O2 extraction defect in the two treatment groups. These data suggest that products of the vascular endothelium play an important role in the matching of O2 supply to demand during supply limitation in skeletal muscle.

Cocoa Polyphenols: Chemistry, Bioavailability and Effects on Cardiovascular Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (37) ◽  
pp. 4903-4917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Dugo ◽  
Giusy Tripodo ◽  
Luca Santi ◽  
Chiara Fanali
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Intervention Trials

This review gives an overview of the phenolic compounds composition of cocoa beans and their modification during manufacturing processes to the final products. Recently published papers dealing with the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the different classes of cocoa phenolic compounds will be discussed. Modifications of the qualitative profile and amount of phenolic compounds in cocoa after the main processes of production chain, fermentation, drying, roasting, and alkalization, will be described. The second part will focus on some of the biological effects described for cocoa phenolic compounds in vitro and in vivo. In particular, the effects of cocoa flavanols on cardiovascular health and endothelial function have been extensively investigated over the last decades, with interesting results from nutritional intervention trials and molecular studies. A few recent updates on the role of cocoa and chocolate consumption on sport performances will be reported.

scholarly journals Encapsulation of Three Different Crude Extracts Rich in Triterpenes in a Biocompatible Polymer and their Evaluation in vitro for further Applications as Anti-inflammatory and/or Anti-tumour Alternative Therapeutic Agents

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 282-284
Author(s):  
Marius Biris ◽  
Adrian Gluhovschi ◽  
Madalina Boruga ◽  
Voichita Lazureanu ◽  
Iren Moza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plga Nanoparticles ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Birch Bark ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Gingival Fibroblasts ◽  
Olive Leaves ◽  
Primary Origin

Medicinal plants continue to be of real interest to researchers in interdisciplinary fields such as chemistry, pharmacy, medicine. Due to the metabolites in which it abounds, the plant material can successfully represent both a prophylactic and curative treatment. At present, countless studies, both in vitro and in vivo, are conducted to elucidate the pharmacological effects and establish the mechanisms involved. The actual experiment was purposed to evaluate the activity of raw birch bark, apple pomace and olive leaves extracts rich in triterpenes, formulated as PLGA nanoparticles, on normal/healthy different cell lines immortalized and of primary origin, such as keratinocytes, dermal fibroblasts, and gingival fibroblasts.

The Role of Polyphenols in the Modulation of Plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC)

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Serafini ◽  
Giuseppa Morabito
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

Dietary polyphenols have been shown to scavenge free radicals, modulating cellular redox transcription factors in different in vitro and ex vivo models. Dietary intervention studies have shown that consumption of plant foods modulates plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC), a biomarker of the endogenous antioxidant network, in human subjects. However, the identification of the molecules responsible for this effect are yet to be obtained and evidences of an antioxidant in vivo action of polyphenols are conflicting. There is a clear discrepancy between polyphenols (PP) concentration in body fluids and the extent of increase of plasma NEAC. The low degree of absorption and the extensive metabolism of PP within the body have raised questions about their contribution to the endogenous antioxidant network. This work will discuss the role of polyphenols from galenic preparation, food extracts, and selected dietary sources as modulators of plasma NEAC in humans.

Anti-obesity role of Aster glehni extract: in vivo and in vitro effects

Planta Medica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
HM Lee ◽  
TG Ahn ◽  
CW Kim ◽  
HJ An
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Effects

A Molecular Approach to Immunoscintigraphy: A Study of the T-Antigen Conformation on the Surface of Tumors

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Selvaraj ◽  
M. R. Suresh ◽  
G. McLean ◽  
D. Willans ◽  
C. Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
T Antigen ◽  
Human Carcinomas ◽  
Animal Tumor ◽  
Synthetic Antigens

The role of glycoconjugates in tumor cell differentiation has been well documented. We have examined the expression of the two anomers of the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen on the surface of human, canine and murine tumor cell membranes both in vitro and in vivo. This has been accomplished through the synthesis of the disaccharide terminal residues in both a and ß configuration. Both entities were used to generate murine monoclonal antibodies which recognized the carbohydrate determinants. The determination of fine specificities of these antibodies was effected by means of cellular uptake, immunohistopathology and immunoscintigraphy. Examination of pathological specimens of human and canine tumor tissue indicated that the expressed antigen was in the β configuration. More than 89% of all human carcinomas tested expressed the antigen in the above anomeric form. The combination of synthetic antigens and monoclonal antibodies raised specifically against them provide us with invaluable tools for the study of tumor marker expression in humans and their respective animal tumor models.

THYROID STIMULATORS AND THYROID STIMULATION

1971 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 558-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Burke
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory System ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Thyroid Cell ◽  
Primary Control ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Site Of Action ◽  
Long Acting

ABSTRACT A long-acting thyroid stimulator (LATS), distinct from pituitary thyrotrophin (TSH), is found in the serum of some patients with Graves' disease. Despite the marked physico-chemical and immunologic differences between the two stimulators, both in vivo and in vitro studies indicate that LATS and TSH act on the same thyroidal site(s) and that such stimulation does not require penetration of the thyroid cell. Although resorption of colloid and secretion of thyroid hormone are early responses to both TSH and LATS, available evidence reveals no basic metabolic pathway which must be activated by these hormones in order for iodination reactions to occur. Cyclic 3′, 5′-AMP appears to mediate TSH and LATS effects on iodination reactions but the role of this compound in activating thyroidal intermediary metabolism is less clear. Based on the evidence reviewed herein, it is suggested that the primary site of action of thyroid stimulators is at the cell membrane and that beyond the(se) primary control site(s), there exists a multifaceted regulatory system for thyroid hormonogenesis and cell growth.

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