scholarly journals Maternal Nutrition and its Effects on Offspring Fertility and Importance of the Periconceptional Period on Long-Term Development

2012 ◽  
pp. 20-33
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Periconceptional Period

scholarly journals Fetal endocrinology and development--manipulation and adaptation to long-term nutritional and environmental challenges

Reproduction ◽  
2001 ◽  
pp. 853-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
ME Symonds ◽  
H Budge ◽  
T Stephenson ◽  
IC McMillen
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Prolactin Receptor ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Adult Obesity ◽  
Maternal Undernutrition ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Long Form

This article reviews the fetal endocrine system in sheep, a species that has a long gestation and primarily produces a singleton fetus. Attention is focused on information that is applicable to humans. The endocrinology of metabolic homeostasis in sheep fetuses is well adapted to respond to a range of metabolic challenges, including placental restriction and maternal undernutrition. A small placenta results in hypoxaemia, hypoglycaemia, reduced abundance of anabolic hormones, and fetal growth restriction. Fetuses with restricted growth are characterized by tissue-specific reductions in hormone receptor mRNA, for example mRNA for the long form of prolactin receptor is reduced in adipose tissue. In contrast, the adipose tissue of fetuses with accelerated growth, stimulated by increasing maternal nutrition in the second half of gestation, has more protein for the long form of the prolactin receptor and more uncoupling protein 1, by which large amounts of heat are generated at birth. Maternal undernutrition in early gestation, coinciding with the period of rapid placental growth, initially restricts placental growth, but when mothers are fed to requirements, a longer fetus results with a disproportionately large placenta. This nutritional manipulation replicates, in part, epidemiological findings from the Dutch famine of 1944-1945, for which the offspring are at increased risk of adult obesity.

scholarly journals Maternal Selenium and Developmental Programming

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios C. Pappas ◽  
Evangelos Zoidis ◽  
Stella E. Chadio
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Essential Trace Element ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Epigenetic Programming ◽  
Optimal Health ◽  
Periconceptional Period ◽  
The Impact

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element of fundamental importance to health due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and chemopreventive properties, attributed to its presence within at least 25 selenoproteins (Sel). In this review, we describe some of the recent progress, in our understanding, on the impact of maternal Se intake during the periconceptional period on offspring development and health. Maternal nutrition affects the performance and health of the progeny, and both maternal and offspring Se supplementations are essential for the optimal health and antioxidant protection of the offspring. The case of Se in epigenetic programming and early life nutrition is also discussed.

Maternal nutrition: Building foundations of long-term good health

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Salisbury ◽  
C. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Good Health

scholarly journals Long-term programming of blood pressure by maternal dietary iron restriction in the rat

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohan M. Lewis ◽  
Alison J. Forhead ◽  
Clive J. Petry ◽  
Susan E. Ozanne ◽  
C. Nicolas Hales
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Nutritional Restriction ◽  
Old Rats

We have reported that blood pressure was elevated in 3-month-old rats whose mothers were Fe-restricted during pregnancy. These animals also had improved glucose tolerance and decreased serum triacylglycerol. The aim of the present study was to determine whether these effects of maternal nutritional restriction, present in these animals at 3 months of age, can be observed in the same animals in later life. Pulmonary and serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) concentrations were also measured to investigate whether the renin–angiotensin system was involved in the elevation of blood pressure observed in the offspring of Fe-restricted dams. Systolic blood pressure was higher in the offspring of Fe-restricted dams at 16 months of age. Heart and kidney weight were increased as a proportion of body weight in the offspring of Fe-restricted dams. The pulmonary ACE concentration was not significantly different between the groups. The serum ACE concentration was significantly elevated in the offspring of Fe-restricted dams at 3 but not 14 months of age. There was a strong correlation between serum ACE levels at 3 and 14 months of age. Glucose tolerance and serum insulin were not different between the maternal diet groups. Serum triacylglycerol tended to be lower in the offspring of Fe-restricted dams. There were no differences in serum non-esterified fatty acids or serum cholesterol between the maternal diet groups. This study provides further evidence that maternal nutrition has effects on the offspring that persist throughout life. At 16 months of age, the elevation of blood pressure in Fe-restricted offspring does not appear to be mediated via changes in ACE levels. Both cardiac hypertrophy and decreased serum triacylglycerol have also been observed in Fe-restricted fetuses, suggesting that these changes may be initiated in utero.

Maternal dietary intake during pregnancy has longstanding consequences for the health of her offspring

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 412-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan James Wood-Bradley ◽  
Sarah Louise Henry ◽  
Amanda Vrselja ◽  
Victoria Newman ◽  
James Andrew Armitage
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Beneficial Impact

Over the past 100 years, advances in pharmaceutical and medical technology have reduced the burden of communicable disease, and our appreciation of the mechanisms underlying the development of noncommunicable disease has broadened. During this time, a number of studies, both in humans and animal models, have highlighted the importance of maintaining an optimal diet during pregnancy. In particular, a number of studies support the hypothesis that suboptimal maternal protein and fat intake during pregnancy can have long-term effects on the growing fetus, and increase the likelihood of these offspring developing cardiovascular, renal, or metabolic diseases in adulthood. More recently, it has been shown that dietary intake of a number of micronutrients may offset or reverse the deleterious effects of macronutrient imbalance. Furthermore, maternal fat intake has also been identified as a major contributor to a healthy fetal environment, with a beneficial role for unsaturated fats during development as well as a beneficial impact on cell membrane physiology. Together these studies indicate that attempts to optimise maternal nutrition may prove to be an efficient and cost-effective strategy for preventing the development of cardiovascular, renal, or metabolic diseases.

Developmental origins of myocardial abnormalities in postnatal life

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 457-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paramjit S. Tappia ◽  
Bram Ramjiawan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Developing Heart ◽  
The Impact

Poor quality and quantity maternal nutrition during pregnancy exerts permanent and damaging effects on the heart of the developing fetus. The developmental origin of adult heart disease is considered an important and critical factor in the pathogenesis of myocardial abnormalities in later life. Low birth mass, a marker of intrauterine stress, has been linked to a predisposition to heart disease. In this article, our work on the impact of exposure to a low-protein diet, in utero, on the developing heart and its long-term consequences are discussed. Other studies providing some supportive evidence are also described. It is proposed that normal fetal nutrition, growth, and development through efficient maternal nutrition (as well as other predisposing factors) before and during pregnancy may serve as a strategy for the primary prevention of heart disease.

scholarly journals The periconceptional period, reproduction and long-term health of offspring: the importance of one-carbon metabolism

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 640-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. M. Steegers-Theunissen ◽  
J. Twigt ◽  
V. Pestinger ◽  
K. D. Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Periconceptional Period ◽  
One Carbon Metabolism

The Birmingham Registry for Twin and Heritability Studies (BiRTHS)

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 907-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth E. Krone ◽  
Andrew K. Ewer ◽  
Timothy G. Barrett ◽  
Robert J. Moy ◽  
Shagaf Bakour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Size Growth ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Prospective Study Design

AbstractIn this article we present the protocol of the Birmingham Registry for Twin Heritability Studies (BiRTHS), which aims to establish a long-term prospective twin registry with twins identified from the antenatal period and subjected to detailed follow-up. We plan to investigate the concordance in anthropo-metrics and early childhood phenotypes between 66 monozygotic and 154 dizygotic twin pairs in the first 2 years of recruitment. In this project we plan to determine the relative contributions of heritability and environment to fetal growth, birth size, growth in infancy and development up to 2 years of age in an ethnically mixed population. Twins will be assessed with the Griffitth's Mental Development Scales, which will enable us to obtain detailed information on development. As maternal depression may have an effect on the twins' neurodevelopment, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale will be used at various stages during pregnancy and after delivery to assess maternal depressive symptoms. The increasing prevalence of obesity in both adults and children has raised concerns about the effect of maternal obesity in pregnancy on fetal growth. The prospective study design gives us the opportunity to obtain data on maternal nutrition (reflected by body mass index) and ante- and postnatal growth and development of twins.

scholarly journals Embryo number and periconceptional undernutrition in the sheep have differential effects on adrenal epigenotype, growth, and development

2014 ◽  
Vol 307 (2) ◽  
pp. E141-E150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Williams-Wyss ◽  
Song Zhang ◽  
Severence M. MacLaughlin ◽  
David Kleemann ◽  
Simon K. Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Differentially Methylated Region ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Plasma Acth ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Fetal Plasma ◽  
Maternal Undernutrition ◽  
Periconceptional Period ◽  
Embryo Number ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

Exposure to poor maternal nutrition around the time of conception results in an early prepartum activation of the fetal pituitary-adrenal axis and in increased adrenal growth and stress response after birth associated with epigenetic changes in a differentially methylated region (DMR) of adrenal IGF2/H19. We have determined the effects of maternal undernutrition during the periconceptional period (PCUN: 70% of control intake from 60 days before until 6 days after conception) and early preimplantation period (PIUN: 70% of control intake for 6 days after conception) on fetal plasma ACTH and cortisol concentrations and fetal adrenal ACTHR, StAR, 3βHSD, CYP11B, CYP17, TGFβ1, IGF1, IGF1R, IGF2, and IGF2R mRNA expression and the methylation level of sites within the DMRs of IGF2/H19 and IGF2R in the adrenal of twin and singleton fetuses at 136–138 days gestation. Being a twin resulted in a delayed prepartum increase in fetal ACTH and in a lower cortisol response to CRH in the control but not PCUN and PIUN groups. PCUN, but not PIUN, resulted in an increase in adrenal weight and CYP17 expression in singletons, a decrease in adrenal IGF2 expression in singletons, and an increase in adrenal IGF2R expression in both twins and singletons. IGF2/H19 and IGF2R DMR methylation levels and ACTHR expression were lower in the twin adrenal. Thus, exposure of the oocyte and embryo to maternal undernutrition or to the environment of a twin pregnancy have differential effects on epigenetic and other factors that regulate fetal adrenal growth and IGF2 and IGF2R expression.

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