Aerogels Utilizations in Batteries

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-120
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Radiation Detector ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Active Materials ◽  
Electrochemically Active ◽  
Composite Aerogels ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Accessible Surface ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Enhanced Surface

Aerogels, a nanoscale 3D mesoporous spongy sample of enhanced surface area, was usually considered as insulator for thermal application, catalyst, and as radiation detector. Presently, it is investigated as potential candidate for electrochemistry due to its inborn capacity to enhance the characteristic features of the surfaces of commercial active materials in batteries and ultracapacitors. Recently composite aerogels which is blended with metal oxides, metal sulphides and so on have been set up as low thickness, profoundly permeable, and large amount of accessible surface and examined as active electrodes. This type of aerogel-based composites challenges the standard manners by that electrochemically active materials are considered, examined, and employed.

Environmental model studies for the Istanbul master plan. Part I: hydrodynamical design basis and marine disposal of wastewater

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S. Hansen ◽  
H. J. Vested ◽  
M. A. Latif
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Marmara Sea ◽  
Junction Area ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Model Set ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Set Up

A modelling study of the hydrodynamics and spreading of wastewater from existing and future outfalls in the Bosphorus region has been conducted applying a 3-Dimensional model. The modelling is based on SYSTEM 3, which is a general modelling system for baroclinic flow simulating unsteady currents, waterlevels, salinity and temperature within the model area. The model set-up covers the Black Sea-Bosphorus-Marmara Sea junction area. The set-up is calibrated by data from a dedicated field program and previous field experience. The model is designed to describe the characteristic features of the flow in the junction area such as the effects of variations in waterlevel differences between the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea on the important two-layer structure in the strait and the flow fields generated by the upper layer jet in the Bosphorus-Marmara junction. This model has been applied for evaluation of disposal of wastewater and for the subsequent water quality studies. The general use of a baroclinic 3-D hydrodynamic model to simulate disposal of wastewater is discussed. Examples of the application of the model of the junction area to evaluate the different strategies for disposal of wastewater are presented.

scholarly journals Flexible Tellurium-Based Electrode for High-Performance Lithium-Tellurium Battery

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2903
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Ye Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Active Materials ◽  
Facile Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Filtration Method ◽  
Vacuum Filtration ◽  
Energy Devices ◽  
Volumetric Capacity ◽  
Low Dimensional

Low-dimensional nanomaterials have attracted considerable attention for next-generation flexible energy devices owing to their excellent electrochemical properties and superior flexibility. Herein, uniform Tellurium nanotubes (Te NTs) were prepared through a facile hydrothermal method, and then a flexible and freestanding electrode was fabricated with Te NTs as active materials and a small amount of nanofibrillated celluloses (NFCs) as a flexible matrix through a vacuum filtration method without adding extra conductive carbon or a binder. The resulting Te-based electrode exhibits a high volumetric capacity of 1512 mAh cm−3 at 200 mA g−1, and delivers admirable cyclic stability (capacity retention of 104% over 300 cycles) and excellent rate performance (833 mAh cm−3 at 1000 mA g−1), which benefits from the unique structure and intrinsically superior conductivity of Te NTs. After bending 50 times, the Te-based electrode delivers a desirable volumetric capacity of 1117 mAh cm−3, and remains 93% of initial capacity after 100 cycles. The results imply that the Te-based electrode exhibits excellent electrochemical properties and superior flexibility simultaneously, which can serve as a potential candidate for the flexible lithium batteries.

scholarly journals A Sociolinguistic Experiment in Defining the Forms of Impoliteness

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-337
Author(s):  
Svitlana Formanova ◽  
Tetiana Dombrovan
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Common Technique ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Set Up ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Descriptive Method

The importance of the study is determined by the need for a comprehensive analysis of the conducted sociolinguistic experiment in order to identify the forms and means of impoliteness and to clarify the linguistic status of the latter. The objective of the article is, by means of a survey, to find out the forms, types and means of impoliteness among the student youth. The investigation of social awareness of the anti-etiquette space based on the analysis of the SE participants’ answers has never before been in the focus of linguists. The object of the study is the sociolinguistic experiment, the subject being the characteristics of forms and means of impoliteness. The following scientific methods are employed: the method of observation – to fix linguistic and non-linguistic expressions of anti-etiquette forms; the descriptive method – to identify the characteristic features of forms and means of impoliteness; analysis and synthesis of factual material in order to systematize and classify the factual material; the field research method with a questionnaire as its most common technique – to collect the corpus; the quantitative method and the method of sociolinguistic analysis of the collected corpus – to process the revealed facts about the subject of the study; the psycholinguistic method – to process and analyze the speech data received from informants as a result of questioning, which helped to establish the forms, types and methods of impoliteness among students. Findings. The authors claim that a high degree of impoliteness in the speech of young people is a means of self-expression and self-establishment, a striving for violation of social taboo, a way to set up one’s own communicative rules. The use of the anti-etiquette forms of communication is influenced by a variety of factors such as age, sex, social status, area of residence, education, and profession. The survey has revealed certain differences in the regional use of the anti-etiquette forms in Ukraine. Being accurate and emotionally colored, those forms express a negative phenomenon which sometimes exists in the process of communication.

scholarly journals Model of Experimentation for Photoprotective Properties of Natural Products Against Ultraviolet C (UVC) Damage: A Case Study On Rosmarinic Acid

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Keisha Mahendra ◽  
Loh Teng-Hern Tan ◽  
Wei Hsum Yap ◽  
Chim Kei Chan ◽  
Prithvy Lingham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Ozone Layer ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Ultraviolet C ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Sterilization Research

UVC is one of the three forms of ultraviolet radiation that is produced by the sun and is harmful to those who are exposed to it. On earth, our ozone layer acts as a filter against UVC (solar UVC) from the sun. However, this is not the case for those exploring space as there would not be any filter for solar UVC once out of Earth’s atmosphere. Additionally, although our ozone layer is able to filter solar UVC, non-solar UVC created by mankind can still pose a threat to those who utilize it for sterilization, research studies, medicine, etc. Identifying substances that could protect against this harmful form of radiation has significant potential; hence, we developed an experimental model to test a bioactive compound, romarinic aid (RA) in order to determine if it has photoprotective properties against UVC. To study the photoprotective properties of the compound, an experimental model using UVC lamp was set up and the cell viability of human keratinocyte cells treated with RA were measured with MTT and flow cytometry based apoptosis assays. The results obtained showed that RA was indeed able to attenuate the damaging effect of UVC, thus making it a potential candidate for further studies of photoprotection against solar and non-solar UVC. The model that was designed was shown to be reliable, reproducible and effective in screening UVC photoprotective properties in natural products. Thus, this opens up a new platform of natural product screening in the development of functional-cosmetics for astronauts and non-solar UVC users.

Investigation of Zinc-Silver Oxide-Thermoplastic Composite for Application in a Biofilm Retardant Urinary Catheter

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oren Gotlib ◽  
Karcher Morris ◽  
Frederick E. Spada ◽  
Madhu Alagiri ◽  
Katy Patras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Silver Oxide ◽  
Urinary Catheter ◽  
Interdisciplinary Teams ◽  
Thermoplastic Composite ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Active Materials ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Oxide Powders ◽  
Electrochemically Active

Abstract Catheter acquired urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is a significant problem in the medical community. Interdisciplinary teams have coordinated to address this problem, yet there is still a need for an adequate solution. In this study, we investigate an electricidal solution by adopting electrochemically active materials that can be incorporated into a urinary catheter. Zinc and silver oxide powders deposited in the form of patterned electrodes on a thermoplastic substrate are shown to illustrate electricidal properties in urine, including the ability to produce electric fields, pH increases, as well as, formation of hydrogen peroxide. The newly developed samples show promising results for killing planktonic E. coli in a controlled setting.

A hierarchical study of neutralization in Kasem

1968 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Callow
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Model ◽  
Recent Discussion ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Bound Sequence ◽  
Serial Construction ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Different Levels

The grammar of Kasem is being analysed in terms of a hierarchical model (cf. Halliday, 1961; Bendor-Samuel, 1963), the (ascending) levels of relevance to this paper being word, phrase, clause, string, and sentence. (The ‘string’ is the unit which functions in the sentence and consists of a tightly bound sequence of clauses, the non-initial clauses operating under extensive restrictions with respect to their structure. This type of syntactic unit appears to be characteristic of many Gur languages and is often referred to as a ‘series’ or ‘serial construction’. For a recent discussion in some detail of this unit, under the term ‘clause clusters’, see Pike, 1966: 55–78.) At the word level in this hierarchy, a system of categories can be set up to account for the form of every verb word, i.e. so that every verb word can be completely ‘parsed’ or described in terms of these categories. But one of the characteristic features of this system of categories is that there is extensive neutralization between the categories. The question, then, that this paper seeks to discuss is this: are the ambiguities inherent in the verb word resolved within the language as a whole? An answer is here presented which seeks to relate the resolution of the ambiguities to the different levels of the grammatical hierarchy, as set up.

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