scholarly journals The brake pressure depends upon the pedal ratio

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 178-187
Author(s):  
Julia Sophie Lotte ◽  
Daan Sem Luuk ◽  
Sven Noah Max ◽  
Alexander Simon Nick
Keyword(s):  
Factor Of Safety ◽  
Brake Disc ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Master Cylinder ◽  
Stopping Distance ◽  
Pedal Force ◽  
Brake Pressure

The brake disc having a factor of safety (FOS) within the range of 2 to 3 is sustainable. The disc with a FOS less than 2 or greater than 3 undergoes distortion and are less sustainable. Theoretically it has been proven using graphs and calculations that a slight variation in the pedal ratio leads to a large variation in the clamping forces and stopping distance. As per the comparisons made from the FOS and as per result from Ansys, when the pedal force is 1200N and the pedal ratios are 7.2and 4.5, the FOS are 2.1 and 2.8 respectively. Hence the disc is sustainable. When the pedal force is 1500N, and the pedal ratio is 4.5, the FOS is 2.2. Hence in this case too, the disc is sustainable. Therefore by maintaining proper pedal ratios, the length of the pedal can be made compact and with effective braking effects. This phenomenon is useful in case of racing vehicles as it reduces the effort of driver. The proper pedal design work also determines the size of master cylinder to be adopted for the vehicle.

Modeling, Experimentation and Simulation of a Brake Apply System

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Khan ◽  
P. Kulkarni ◽  
K. Youcef-Toumi
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Brake System ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Master Cylinder ◽  
Pedal Force ◽  
Sensitivity Studies ◽  
Friction Parameters ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Wheel Brake ◽  
Analytical Dynamic

This study presents the development and validation of an analytical dynamic model of the brake apply system of a vehicle. The brake apply system includes the models for brake pedal, vacuum booster, master cylinder, and proportioning valves; the interactions with the wheel brake system, which comprises the front and rear foundation brakes, are included by modeling their compliances. Laboratory experiments are performed on a bench setup of the brake system and the experimental data is compared with the simulation results. The model is formulated such that the inputs are the pedal force applied by the driver, the vacuum supplied by the engine and the physical parameters of the brake components. Preliminary analysis shows that the simulation tracks the data quite closely throughout the regime of operation. Sensitivity studies are performed to show the effect of different friction parameters on the system performance.

Brake System Modeling for Simulation and Control

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 496-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Christian Gerdes ◽  
J. Karl Hedrick
Keyword(s):  
System Modeling ◽  
Control Valve ◽  
Brake System ◽  
Reduced Order ◽  
Pedal Force ◽  
Modeling Process ◽  
Brake Pressure ◽  
Simplifying Assumptions ◽  
Rapid Transients ◽  
And Control

This paper presents reduced-order models of brake system dynamics derived from a physical modeling perspective. The vacuum booster model combines a static control valve with dynamic air flows, resulting in the ability to easily reproduce both static hysteresis effects and rapid transients. Following the assumption of incompressible flow, a four-state model of the brake hydraulics is presented and, subsequently, reduced to one or two states for certain applications. Experimental results support the simplifying assumptions made during the modeling process by demonstrating better agreement with the response from pedal force to brake pressure than previously displayed in the literature. These models are intended for use in the design and analysis of vehicle control systems and the evaluation of driver/vehicle interactions through dynamic simulation.

Variable Braking Force Using Intelligent Twin Calipers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Ganesh ◽  
Chidambaram Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Load Condition ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
The Other ◽  
Brake Disc ◽  
Force System ◽  
The Road ◽  
Stopping Distance ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Brake Force ◽  
Braking Force

Automobile Braking System is one of the most important sub systems of the vehicle. It is the primary safety system since the stopping of the vehicle is majorly dependent on this system. This system utilises the frictional force between the tire and the road to stop the vehicle. The braking force required by the vehicle is governed by two factors. One of them is the coefficient of friction between the tire and the road surface, the other one is the load on the vehicle. Thus, required braking force to halt the vehicle with the minimum possible stopping distance varies with the load in the vehicle. If the applied braking force is greater than the required brake force, wheel gets locked which results in increased stopping distance. In order to prevent the wheel lock at low load conditions, a variable braking force system is developed. In Motorcycles, the pillion load majorly contributes to the overall weight. Thus, the amount of braking force required to stop with minimum stopping distance also varies drastically with respect to pillion load condition. Hence, the amount of braking force developed between the road surface and the tire is varied in the variable braking force system. In this project, variable brake force system is achieved by varying the effective disc radius. The maximum braking force developed between the ground and the tire is controlled based on the pillion load on the motor cycle, if friction is present between the tire and the ground. Two calipers are mounted on the brake disc of which one is fixed at a constant distance (constant effective disc radius – 67mm) and the other is movable depending on the load on the motorcycle. The movable caliper slides upwards and downwards such that the effective disc radius is varied based on the pillion load. Using a load cell, the load of the vehicle is determined. A microcontroller is programmed to move the caliper with the help of a stepper motor based on the load on the motorcycle. This way, the effective disc radius is varied for various loads on the motorcycle.

scholarly journals Coefficient of Friction of a Brake Disc-Brake Pad Friction Couple

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 196-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.W. Orłowicz ◽  
M. Mróz ◽  
G. Wnuk ◽  
O. Markowska ◽  
W. Homik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Brake Disc ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Friction Couple ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Brake Pressure ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction

Abstract The paper concerns evaluation of the coefficient of friction characterising a friction couple comprising a commercial brake disc cast of flake graphite grey iron and a typical brake pad for passenger motor car. For the applied interaction conditions, the brake pressure of 0.53 MPa and the linear velocity measured on the pad-disc trace axis equalling 15 km/h, evolution of the friction coefficient μ values were observed. It turned out that after a period of 50 minutes, temperature reached the value 270°C and got stabilised. After this time interval, the friction coefficient value also got stabilised on the level of μ = 0.38. In case of a block in its original state, stabilisation of the friction coefficient value occurred after a stage in the course of which a continuous growth of its value was observed up to the level μ = 0.41 and then a decrease to the value μ = 0.38. It can be assumed that occurrence of this stage was an effect of an initial running-in of the friction couple. In consecutive abrasion tests on the same friction couple, the friction coefficient value stabilisation occurred after the stage of a steady increase of its value. It can be stated that the stage corresponded to a secondary running-in of the friction couple. The observed stages lasted for similar periods of time and ended with reaching the stabile level of temperature of the disc-pad contact surface.

scholarly journals ANN Based Controller for Anti-locking Braking System

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S4) ◽  
pp. 442-445
Keyword(s):  
System Stability ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Moving Vehicle ◽  
Stopping Distance ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Brake Pressure ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Hysteresis Controller ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
The Stability

Braking has great impact on the stability of a moving vehicle, as it has to dissipate all the energy that has been stored (kinematic energy) through brake pads (in another forms i.e. heat and sound energy). Stability of the system is more likely to flop as it has to transform and deplete the energy in flash of time, leads to loss in control over desired path followed by drift. Slip (µ) is the key factor to measure stability of this system explicitly, which is defined in terms of vehicle speed (Vs) and wheel speed (Ws). Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) as a tool to control Anti-lock braking system (ABS) to attain optimal brake pressure thereby minimizing the stopping distance, jerk’s and ultimately system stability. Validation of result were carried out by using MAT-LAB and compared with Hysteresis controller. Simulated results proved that the system performance is improved.

scholarly journals Simulation Study on Variants of ABS

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.6) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Srinivaas Ashok Kumar ◽  
S Thirumalini ◽  
P Mohankumar ◽  
R Ram Sundar ◽  
C Aravind
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Study ◽  
System Study ◽  
Wheel Slip ◽  
Braking Performance ◽  
Stopping Distance ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Simulink Model ◽  
Brake Pressure ◽  
Road Friction ◽  
Tire Friction

The performance characteristics of different variants of Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS) in a normal passenger car is investigated. ABS prevent lock-up of wheels and maintains steer ability of the vehicle during braking. Vehicle stopping distance, brake pressure, wheel slip and slide-slip are made using Simulink software and system study was conducted an investigation is done. The variants of ABS taken for the study are 2-channel ABS (front wheels), Cross-ABS (alternate wheels: front left and rear right) and full (four channel) ABS. The Simulink model was interfaced with IPG Carmaker and simulation was performed to include the aerodynamics, tire friction and road friction. The results of the simulation were validated to obtain conclusions on the braking performance for different variants of ABS. 

Simulation of a Motorcycle Motion during Braking at Cornering Using MATLAB

2015 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 306-310
Author(s):  
V. Ganesh ◽  
S.P. Chidambaram
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Rear Wheel ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Brake Disc ◽  
Disc Brake ◽  
Normal Reaction ◽  
Force System ◽  
The Road ◽  
Stopping Distance ◽  
Braking Force

An automobile braking system has a crucial role for safety of the passenger and riding quality of the vehicle. The brakingforce mainly depends on the normal reaction on the wheel and the coefficientof adhesion between the tire and the road surface. Sometimes the motorcycle may be over braked (Braking force exceeds the traction capacity between tire and ground) that increases vehicle stopping distance due to wheel sliding. So a variable braking force (VBF) system is developed in whichthe effective brake disc radius is variedbased on the pillion load on the motorcycle, for varying the rear wheel braking force that develops between tire and road surface. Whenever amotorcycleis loaded, the normal reaction on the rear wheel is increased.Thus the amount of braking force required to halt the motorcycle withminimum stopping distance and stability of the motorcycle, is based on the pillion load on the motorcycle. Hencethe amount of braking forcedeveloped between the road surface and the tire is varied in the variable braking force system. In this work, a mathematical modeling is developed and analyzed using MATLAB when the rear brake is applied for a motorcycleduring cornering for conventional disc brake system and the variable braking force system. It is found that variable braking force system develops more amount of yaw rate and lateral displacement when it is compared with conventional disc brake.

ANALISIS VISUAL PADA SAMPUL DEPAN MAJALAH DESAIN GRAFIS “CONCEPT” EDISI ULTAH PERDANA (Sebuah Kajian Semiotika)

DeKaVe ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prayanto WH
Keyword(s):  
Graphic Design ◽  
Roland Barthes ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Semiotic Approach ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Content Information ◽  
Magazine Cover

Magazine is one of the forms of mass media that has fungsikomunikasi to convey information to mass audiences. The cover is an important element because it is through cover / cover one can guess the contents of the magazine, as well as further interested to know further information contained therein. On a magazine cover consists of drawings and writings are arranged in such a way that looks interesting and has meaning Press publications, especially magazines, today's not enough just to rely on the quality of news or manuscript, although verbal aspect is very important. It must be recognized that the visual aspects (design) as the cover / envelope has crucial role to capture the prospective reader. For the cover of a magazine is a window that shows the content information, can be either a text or photographs, illustrations, and design elements. The function of a magazine cover is to attract, dazzle prospective readers, by way influence the thoughts flow in a short time. So it's no wonder much current the magazine publisher who made the cover of such a way as to attract the attention of prospective readers. Thus the task of designers to magazine cover to create designs that attract the attention of the reader becomes increasingly severe. This study tries to analyze a visual on the front cover Magazine Graphic Design 'Concept' birthday inaugural edition by using the Roland Barthes' semiotic approach. As Roland Barthes (1984), any simple "design work (magazine cover)" continue to play in management of the sign. So that will generate a message (image) specific. Design cover, usually contains the elements of the sign in the form of objects, context of the environment, people or other beings who provide meaning to objects, and text (of writing) that reinforce the meaning.Keyword: cover, magazine Concept, semiotics

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document