An experiemental study to evaluate the principle Trini Dravyani Nati Upayunjita w.s.r. to Kshara (Alkali)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrita Paul ◽  
Umapati C. Baragi ◽  
Kashinath Hadimur ◽  
R. A. Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Dose Level ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Acute Study

Background: In Charaka Samhita it has been mentioned that three medicinal substances viz. Pippali (Piper longum), Kshara (alkali) and Lavana (salt) can be used as emergency medicine, but they should not be consumed in excess (Ati Upayunjita). If they are consumed in excess quantity they will cause several adverse effects in the body. Hence in the present study Kshara has been evaluated in experimental animals in two different phases viz. acute administration at graded doses as part of acute toxicity study and sub-acute administration at fixed dose level, as part of sub-acute toxicity study, to assess the possible adverse effects if any. Objectives: To evaluate the acute and sub-acute toxic effect of Kshara in albino rats to establish the principle of Trini Dravyani Nati Upayunjita. Materials and Methods: Wister strain albino rats of either sex weighing between 150 - 200g body weights were used for experimental study. The experiment was carried out as per ‘Ayush Guidelines’ after the IAEC clearance. For Acute Toxicity - 9 Albino rats were used and for Sub-Acute Toxicity - 12 Albino rats were used. The dose calculation was done on the basis of body surface area ratio using the table of ‘Paget and Barnes rule’. Results: In Acute toxicity study no mortality and behavioral changes were observed when the drug Kshara was studied after two dose level i.e. TED X 5 and TED X 10. In Sub-acute study some behavioral changes (including cage side behavior) were observed. No mortality was observed in any of the groups. Discussion: Acute toxicity study of Kshara showed no immediate and evident toxic signs and mortality within 24 hours of observation. In Sub-acute toxicity study in all four groups, no mortality or evident toxic effects were observed, however some mild histopathological changes were observed in sub-acute study.

An experimental study to evaluate the concept of Trividha Atisevana Varjya Dravya w.s.r. to Lavana

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpa Nimbal ◽  
Umapati C. Baragi ◽  
Kashinath Hadimur ◽  
Jyothi Alias Jyostna
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Dose Level ◽  
Equivalent Dose ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Acute Study

Background: Lavana is used as medicine as well as Ahara since ancient times. In Caraka Samhita it has been mentioned that three Dravyas viz. Pippali, Kshara (alkali) and Lavana (salt) can be used as emergency medicine, but they should not be consumed in excess (Ati Upayunjita). Hence in the present study Lavana has been evaluated in experimental animals in two different phases’ viz. Acute administration at graded doses as part of acute toxicity study and Sub-Acute administration at fixed dose level, as part of toxic Sub-Acute toxicity study, to assess the possible adverse effects. Materials andamp; Methods: Wistar strain albino rats of either sex weighing between 150 - 200g. body weights were used, The experiment was carried out in accordance with the direction of the Institutional animal ethics committee (IAEC) after obtaining its permission (Approval number IAEC – 138/k/2018). Results: Results were drawn based on histopathological reports and biochemical reports of each group of toxicity study. Acute toxicity study has been carried out in albino rats receiving the 2 dose level maximum at up to 10 times higher (855mg/kg) then the therapeutic equivalent dose (427.5mg/kg). In Sub-Chronic toxicity: dose given was five times higher than therapeutic equivalent dose and ten times the equivalent to human therapeutic dose for duration of 30 days. Discussion: Toxicity is not found in Acute study and in Sub-Acute study moderate to high toxicity is found.

scholarly journals TOXICOLOGICAL STUDY OF MUGDHA RASA, AN AYURVEDIC FORMULATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 4626-4632
Author(s):  
Soumya T G ◽  
Surekha S Medikeri
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Hazardous Substance ◽  
Toxicological Study ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Oral Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oecd Guideline

Mugdha Rasa is one type of Kharaliya Rasayana and comes under Nirgandha, Niragni Murchana of Parada. Parada and Khatika are the main ingredients of Mugdha Rasa. This investigation is an attempt to perform toxicological study of Mugdha Rasa. Acute toxicological study and sub-acute toxicological study were carried out as per OECD guideline 425 and 407 respectively. Oral acute toxicity study was carried out at the limit dose of 2000 mg/ kg orally in Swiss albino mice. Sub- acute toxicity study of Mugdha Rasa was carried out in Albino rats and it was administered at therapeutic equivalent dose (TED), TED ×2 and TED×5. No signs of toxicity and mortality were observed Mugdha Rasa in acute toxicity study. So, LD50 of Mugdha Rasa is greater than 2000 mg/kg body weight and Mugdha Rasa can be considered assafe on acute exposure. The data generated during sub-acute toxicity study are indicated that it is not a hazardous substance for sub-acute administration at TED dose level. Higher dose levels show mild changes in parameters.

scholarly journals Acute Toxicity Study of Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) Flour Macerated with Strobilanthes crispus in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (A) ◽  
pp. 976-981
Author(s):  
Rizka Qurrota A’yun ◽  
Uswatun Hasanah ◽  
Hamam Hadi ◽  
Mustofa Mustofa ◽  
Eva Nurinda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Urinary Protein ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Strobilanthes Crispus

BACKGROUND: Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) is a local tuber food that high in bioactive compound glucomannan. It uses are limited due to oxalate acid content which poses health risks. Strobilanthes crispus leaves could reduce the level of calcium oxalate in porang. However, there is still no study to prove its safety. AIM: This study aimed to investigate the acute oral toxicity study of porang (A. oncophyllus) macerated with S. crispus based on observation of mortality rate (LD50), the changes in behavior during 72 h, renal and hepatic function such as urinary protein, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) levels of Wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus) METHODS: An acute toxicity test was conducted based on the Organization of Economic Co-Operation and Development 420 Fixed-Dose Procedure Guideline that consists of preliminary and main studies. For the preliminary study, rats were divided into control and five treatment groups with the dosage of 50, 300, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg body weight (BW) for each natural porang flour (NPF) and S. crispus-macerated porang flour (SPF). For the main study, rats were divided into four groups, those were NPF and SPF with the dosage of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg BW. Levels of urinary protein and blood serum SGOT and SGPT levels were measured at 0, 24, and 72 after treatment. RESULTS: The acute toxicity study showed that porang and porang macerated with S. crispus were not toxic until the highest dose of 5000 mg/kg BW. It was proved by the absence of LD50, no change in behavior, no weight losses, and also the results of biochemical tests, such as urinary protein, SGOT, and SGPT which were still in the normal range. CONCLUSIONS: Porang flour and SPF were concluded as non-toxic food based on acute toxicity study.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Acute and Sub-Acute Toxicity of Aqueous Extracts of Artemisia afra Leaves on Brain, Heart and Suprarenal Glands in Swiss Albino Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketema Mekonen ◽  
Mekbeb Afework ◽  
Eyasu Makonnen ◽  
Asfaw Debela ◽  
Wondwossen Ergete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
National Park ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Suprarenal Glands ◽  
Acute Study ◽  
The Brain

BACKGROUND፡ The majority of population rely on traditional medicine as a source of healthcare. Artemisia afra is a plant traditionally used for its medicinal values, including treatment of malaria in many parts of the world. Currently, it is also attracting attention because of a claim that a related species, Artemisia annua, is a remedy for the COVD-19 pandemic. The aim of the present study was to investigate toxic effects of A. afra on brain, heart and suprarenal glands in mice aged 8-12 weeks and weighing 25-30g.METHODS: Leaves of A.afra were collected from Bale National Park, dried under shade, crushed into powder and soaked in distilled water to yield aqueous extract for oral administration. For acute toxicity study, seven treated and one control groups, with 3 female mice each, were used. They were given a single dose of 200mg/kg, 700mg/kg, 1200mg/kg, 2200mg/kg, 3200mg/kg, 4200mg/kg or 5000mg/kg b/wt of the extract. For the sub-acute toxicity study, two treated and one control groups, with 5 female and 5 male mice each, were used. They were daily treated with 600mg/kg or 1800mg/kg b/wt of extract.RESULTS: LD50 was found to be greater than 5000mg/kg indicating that the plant is relatively safe. In the sub-acute study, no signs of toxicity were observed in all treatment groups. On microscopic examination of the brain, heart and suprarenal glands no sign of cellular injury was observed.CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that the leaves extract of A. afra is relatively safe in mice.

Acute Toxicity Study and Faecal Dropping Capability of Ethanolic Extract of Tecoma stans in Albino Rats

Pharmacologia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 464-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kameshwara ◽  
C. Jothimaniv ◽  
R. Senthilkum ◽  
S. Thenmozhi ◽  
R. Sundaragan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study

scholarly journals Safety assessment of subtilisin QK in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Xiao ◽  
Dingbang Hu ◽  
Ya Gao ◽  
Yang Ai ◽  
Sang Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Oral Dose ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Safety Pharmacology ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Safety Pharmacology Study

Abstract Background Subtilisin QK is a serine protease in the subtilisin family, and is fermented by Bacillus subtilis QK02. The fibrinolytic activity of subtilisin QK was measured by detecting low molecular weight degradation products using a spectrophotometric method developed by Japan Bio Science Laboratory Co., Ltd. Subtilisin QK powder can maintain its fibrinolytic activity for more than 24 months when it is stored at room temperature and protected from light. Our previous results showed that subtlisin QK directly degraded cross-linked fibrins in the fibrin plate assay and effectively inhibited thrombosis in the mouse thrombus model. The aim of this study was to determine the acute toxicity, potential subchronic toxicity, and safety pharmacology of subtilisin QK in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. Methods In the acute toxicity study, a single oral dose of 100,000 FU/kg was administered to 10 female and 10 male SD rats. In the 28-day subchronic toxicity, 60 female and 60 male SD rats were randomly assigned to four experimental groups (daily oral dose of 0, 2500, 7500 and 25,000 FU/kg). In the safety pharmacology study, 20 female and 20 male SD rats were randomly assigned to four experimental groups (single oral dose of 0, 500, 1500 and 5000 FU/kg). Results No death occurred and no adverse effects were observed in the acute toxicity study at a dose of 100,000 FU/kg. In the 28-day subchronic toxicity study, several hematological and blood biochemical parameters showed increases or decreases; however, due to the lack of a dose–response relationship, these differences were considered unrelated to treatment. In the safety pharmacology study, no adverse effects were observed on the central nervous of SD rats post-administration up to a dose of 5000 FU/kg subtilisin QK. Conclusion The results showed that oral consumption of subtilisin QK is of low toxicological concern. No adverse effects were observed at doses of 2500, 7500, and 25,000 FU/kg in the 28-day subchronic toxicity, and the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of subtilisin QK was 25,000 FU/kg.

scholarly journals ANTI ARTHRITIC ACTIVITY OF HERBO MINERAL SIDDHA PREPARATION ARUMUGA CHENDURAM AGAINST TYPE II COLLAGEN INDUCED ARTHRITIS IN EXPERIMENTAL RATS

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
M. Ramamurthy ◽  
V. Thanigavelan ◽  
S. Elansekaran ◽  
V. Srinivasan ◽  
P. Shanmugapriya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Collagen Induced Arthritis ◽  
Immune Disorder ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Siddha system of medicine is the eternal science of life. It is a system that has its extensive bonding with Dravidian culture, language and beliefs. The system of medicine mostly prevailed and prospered in the regions of Dravidian cultures by the great Siddhars. It’s unique as one only than other AYUSH traditional systems of medicine across India with its distinctive abundant usage of medicinal plants, metals, minerals and animal products. Siddhars used the steps of Alchemy to prepare various medicines from metallic and mineral origin for attainment elixir and various rare diseases. Siddha medicine is classified into 32 types of internal and external medicine each. Among the 32 types of internal medicine Chendhuram is a medicine shelf life of 75 years usually from herbo-mineral combinations. Arumuga Chendhuram (ARC) is a herbo-mineral formulation cited in Siddha literature ‘Siddha Vaithiya Thirattu’. ARC was orally administered at higher dose 2gm/kg to the Wistar Albino rats in acute toxicity study and during 28 days of repeated (sub acute) toxicity study, at daily doses of 12, 24 & 48mg/kg of body weight to the Wistar Albino rats. Type II collagen arthritis is another model for developing autoimmune arthritis. The immune pathogenesis mediated by T cell and B cell response to collagen. By this model, nearly 100% arthritis can be achieved. In our study, ARC after 42 days treatment reduced the arthritic swelling significantly and degree of inflammation evident to act against auto immune disorder.

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