scholarly journals MEREFLEKSIKAN KEADILAN BAGI KONSUMEN TERKAIT KEPATUTAN PROMOSI TRANSAKSI NON-TUNAI

Arena Hukum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-459
Author(s):  
Winda Wijayanti ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Electronic Money

Although Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection has been enforced for 20 years, there are regulations to protect consumer, and submissions to the Constitutional Court 3 times, the material of Consumer Protection Law has never been canceled and changed. This normative juridical study aims to analyze whether or not the Consumer Protection Lawneeds to be amended to fulfill the legal necessities of the community. Merchant (bank) with the Central Bank of Indonesia policy compete to provide the best promotions so that customers are interested. The selection pay with electronic money causes the powerlessness of consumers to prefer buying goods/services cheaper with cards rather than cash without any promotion of the price of goods/services or pay normal prices as inappropriate to consumers that pay non-cash. Discrimination or different treatment of the price of goods or services that harm consumers who transact in cash result unfairness does not protect the dignity of consumers.

New Australian consumer payments regulation likely

2022 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Regulatory Policy ◽  
Market Risk ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Payment Methods ◽  
Digital Currency ◽  
Digital Wallets

Significance Market sectors under scrutiny include buy-now-pay-later (BNPL) platforms, cryptocurrency exchanges and digital wallets. All have seen a recent leap in popularity, driven in part by COVID-related concerns but mostly by the mainstream interest in alternative payment methods, leaving regulators concerned. Impacts The Treasurer is likely to gain extended powers to plug gaps in regulatory policy and address convergence issues. Liquidity concerns over cryptocurrency trading could be overcome through a central bank digital currency. Concerns over lost tax revenue and consumer protection, as well as the need to contain market risk, are driving reform efforts.

Adjudicating Economics? Central Bank Independence and the Appropriate Standard of Judicial Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Goldmann
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Unconventional Monetary Policy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Measure ◽  
European Central ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
Federal Constitutional

In Karlsruhe's recent request for a preliminary ruling, an unconventional monetary policy measure of the European Central Bank (ECB) finds an unconventional judicial response. Based on its mandate to enforce the fundamental right to vote, the Federal Constitutional Court (FCC) leaves no doubt about its view that the ECB's Outright Monetary Transactions Programme (OMT Programme) violates the law of the European Union and hence the German Basic Law, unless one reads them in a rather restrictive way. But as unconventional monetary policy steps up the need for the ECB to justify the legality of its measures, so does the FCC's unconventional expansion of the scope of judicial review raise questions which the recent decision in its—generally laudable—brevity leaves underexplored. In particular, the decision does not dwell much on the issue whether it is appropriate for a court to review issues of monetary policy, and which standard of review should apply. Only Judge Gerhardt calls the majority's standard of review into question when he doubts whether the requirement for transgressions of the European Union's competences to be “manifest” is a workable criterion for defining the scope of the FCC's ultra vires control.

scholarly journals Development of Electronic Money and Its Impact on the Central Bank Role and Monetary Policy

10.28945/3328 ◽  
2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Al-Laham ◽  
Haroon Al-Tarawneh ◽  
Najwan Abdallat
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Computer Network ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
Electronic Money ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Implementation Of Monetary Policy ◽  
Bank Reserves ◽  
Network Good

In recent years there has been considerable interest in the development of electronic money schemes. Electronic money has the potential to take over from cash as the primary means of making small-value payments and could make such transactions easier and cheaper for both consumers and merchants. Electronic money is a record of the funds or "value" available to a consumer stored on an electronic device in his or her possession, either on a prepaid card or on a personal computer for use over a computer network such as the Internet. This paper argues that e-money, as a network good, could become an important form of currency in the future. Such a development would influence the effectiveness and implementation of monetary policy. If an increased use of e-money substantially limits demand for central bank reserves, it would require changes in the operational target of the central bank and a closer coordination of monetary and fiscal policies.

scholarly journals Upaya Penyelesaian Sengketa atas Gagalnya Pengisian Saldo (Top Up) yang dialami Pengguna Kartu Tap Cash Bank Negara Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Rahmadi Indra Tektona ◽  
Mardi Handono ◽  
Regina Yurisprastita Jufri
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Electronic Money ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Deductive Method ◽  
Sector Analysis ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Laws And Regulations

Writing aims to find out the effort to resolve disputes for Tap Cash BNI card users who have failed to top up, which results in losses to consumers. The focus of the problem is how to resolve disputes between the banks as Tap Cash card issuers and consumers of electronic money users. This research begins by reviewing various laws and regulations which form the basis of legal protection for card users, for this reason, it is used normative juridical research, by reviewing the applicable laws and regulations. the author also uses the concept of the rule of law which is obliged to provide legal guarantees. In the matter of efforts to resolve disputes for consumers using the BNI Tap Cash card, the concept of legal protection also applies based on the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection and Financial Services Authority Regulation Number: 1 / POJK.07 / 2013 concerning Consumer Protection of the Financial Services Sector. Analysis of legal materials used is the analysis of legal materials with a deductive method which is a research method based on general concepts to provide concrete explanations of specific legal issues, data is collected through seminars, articles, and interviews and analyzed qualitatively. Based on the results of research conducted on the problem, it was found several forms of settlement efforts provided by the BNI bank namely the resolution of disputes outside the court and the resolution of disputes through the court.

scholarly journals THE URGENCY OF CENTRAL BANK DIGITAL CURRENCY (CBDC) IMPLEMENTATION; MAQĀSHĪD SYARĪ’AH PERSPECTIVE

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 424-453
Author(s):  
Fitra Azkiya Firdiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Electronic Money ◽  
Normative Approach ◽  
Digital Currency ◽  
Economic Practice ◽  
Digital Transactions ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This study examines the urgency of the Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) with a maqashid Syariah perspective. The challenges of digital transactions have forced people to use cryptocurrencies without the use of asset assignments so that they have a big risk, this makes them illegal, while electronic money has not answered the challenges of digital transactions. The methodology used in writing this article is a descriptive qualitative method with a normative approach to analysis on maslahah and mafsadah contained in Maqashid sharia. The data used by the author is secondary data. The results of the study can be concluded that the implementation of Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) will provide more maslahah than mafsadah, while cryptocurrencies are currently widely traded freely by the Muslim community in general even though they are considered haram and illegal. This shows that the Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) has the urgency of its use in the economic practice of Muslims in general, with the same form but eliminating the bad elements contained in cryptocurrency, enforcing Islamic sharia, and saving the economy of the Muslim community according to Maqashid. sharia

Bitcoins within Georgia’s Money Laundering Scheme

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Aleksandre Mikeladze
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Electronic Money ◽  
Virtual Currency ◽  
The World ◽  
Bank System

Bitcoins’ technology brings a new level of innovation to business and communication across the world. However, the advantages of a virtual currency payment system face the threat from criminal activities occurring over a pseudonymous network where there is virtually no current regulation to cover illegal transactions. The current situation in Georgia is as follows: the second Bitcoin’s processing datacenter has opened in Georgia. While the virtual money is new even in developed countries, more unusual it is for Georgia, where local economists are more skeptical toward cryptocurrency. Therefore, they believe that electronic money is not controlled by any central bank that gives a lot of opportunities for illegal transactions. According to the Georgian experts, bitcoin is a very risky currency that can be used for money laundering, as it is completely uncontrolled. However, the Georgian central bank system claims that bitcoins are not dangerous, and the lack of awareness gives rise to talk about money laundering. The biggest challenge seems to be regulation of Bitcoin without hindering the potential for growth. While there is usually certainly a chance that Bitcoin could fail or be pushed out of existence by a more innovative technology, policymakers must be careful not to hinder a technology that could change the way global economy functions.

scholarly journals Troubles with the Chf Loans in Croatia: The Story of a Case Still Waiting to Be Closed

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Ana Kundid Novokmet
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Credit Boom

In numerous Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, the global financial crisis as well as the unpegging of the foreign exchange rate of the Swiss franc (CHF) against the euro amplified the repayment troubles of households with the outstanding CHF-linked debt. In Croatia, the CHF loans were approved mainly as mortgages to unprotected and subprime household borrowers without sufficient credit capacity for long-term euro-linked loans, which also contained a possibility of an incremental interest rate change, i.e., the so-called administrative interest rate. This article aims to disclose the reasons behind the credit boom of these loans, the unsustainable CHF debt hardship that the household sector consequently faced, and how it was/could have been resolved, with the Croatian banking sector at the center of the research. Although the CHF case of Croatia has some specificities concerning the prudential regulation and government-sponsored loan conversion, the findings about the supply and demand determinants of the CHF credit boom, as well as a critical assessment of the Croatian government and central bank interventions, might be useful for timely noticing universal threats from the exotic currency-linked loans for the systemic risk and financial stability, and for minimizing the negative externalities from probable debt relief measures. Based on the descriptive and univariate statistics conducted on Bloomberg and the Croatian National Bank (CNB) data, it was found that interest rate differentials and carry trading behavior were the main reasons for the rapid CHF credit growth in Croatia. Nevertheless, according to the financial experts’ opinions obtained via a questionnaire survey, and the court verdicts reached since, the financial consumer protection when contracting these loans was severely violated, which implies that the central bank must enhance its consumer protection role. By adopting a single-country and holistic approach, this is the first paper that deals with the socioeconomic dynamic of the CHF credit default issues in Croatia, which might be interesting as a case study or for making comparison with other CEE countries that have been coping with negative consequences of Swiss francization.

scholarly journals Legalization of Central Bank Digital Currency under Blockchain Industry

CONVERTER ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 450-458
Author(s):  
Yuting Hsu, Chengyong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
User Privacy ◽  
General Outline ◽  
The Public ◽  
Digital Currency

In recent years, private digital currency based on blockchainindustry has caused many doubts, such as privacy infringement, money laundering tools, consumer protection and financial stability. However, as digital currency has gradually become the important issue, the central banks of various countries have already started to study the central bank digital currency (CBDC). In this paper, firstly, the concept of private digital currency and its derivative issues are explained. Secondly, based on the two chains scheme of the blockchain, a CBDC system is established to facilitate supervision, which stores and accesses transaction information and verification information separately to balance the user privacy security and the convenience of supervision. Meanwhile, the consortium blockchain is settled to the public chain to protect the reliability of the data. Moreover, although some countries have started to develop CBDC, laws and regulations which regulate various aspects of it are still deficient. Therefore, in this paper, in addition to proposing a general outline of the legal system regulating the CBDC, it also illustrates separately the monetary rights and obligations of the central bank, merchant banks and the public, which will be helpful for the future legal construction.

scholarly journals TINJAUAN YURIDIS PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN E-TOLL CARD

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahmad Sugiarto
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Electronic Money ◽  
Service Business ◽  
Substantive Justice ◽  
The Law ◽  
Legal Security

Artikel ini telah diuji dan dipertanggungjawabkan dalam seminar ujian tutup oleh penulis. Urgensi informasi terkait bagaimana perlindungan hukum terhadap pengguna e-Toll Card dalam penggunaannya di jalan tol dan informasi bagaimana upaya penyelesaian sengketa antara pihak konsumen dan pihak penerbit e-Toll Card dibutuhkan sebagai referensi para penstudi dan pengemban ilmu hukum.DAFTAR PUSTAKAAl-Quran Abdul Halim Barkatullah, 2010, Hak-Hak Konsumen, Bandung : Nusa MediaAhmadi Miru dan Sutarman Yodo, 2011, Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen, Jakarta: PT Rajagrafindo PersadaAz. Nasution, 2001, Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen Suatu Pengantar, Jakarta: Diadit MediaBramantyo Djohanputro, 2008, Manajemen risiko korporat, Jakarta: PPMCelina Tri Siwi Kristiyanti, 2011, Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen, Jakarta: Sinar GrafikaC. Tantri D. dan Sulastri, 1995, Gerakan Organisasi Konsumen, Seri Panduan Konsumen, Jakarta: Yayasan Lembaga Konsumen Indonesia-The Asia FoundationErman Rajagukguk, dkk, 2000, Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen, Bandung: CV Mandar MajuFrans Hendra Winarta, 2012, Hukum Penyelesaian Sengketa. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika.Gatot Supramono, 2013, Perjanjian Utang Piutang, Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media GroupJimmy Joses Sembiring, 2011, Cara Menyelesaian Sengketa Di Luar Pengadilan, . jakarta: Visi MediaMariam Darus Badrulzaman, 1994, Aneka Hukum Bisnis, Bandung: Alumni N.H.T. Siahaan, 2005, Hukum Konsumen: Perlindungan Konsumen Dan Tanggungjawab Produk, Jakarta: Panta ReiNurnaningsih Amriani, 2012, Mediasi Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Perdata di Pengadilan, Jakarta: Rajawali Pers Philipus M. Hadjon, 2007, Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Rakyat Indonesia, Surabaya: Percetakan M2 Print, Edisi KhususR. Serfianto, dkk, 2012, Untung Dengan Kartu Kredit, Kartu ATM-Debit, & Uang Elektronik, Jakarta: Visi MediaSatjipto Raharjo, 2000, Ilmu Hukum, Bandung: PT. Citra Aditya BaktiSatijipto Rahardjo, 2014, Ilmu Hukum, Bandung: PT Citra Aditya Bakti Shidarta, 2000, Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen, Jakarta: GrasindoSoerjono Soekanto, 1986, Pengantar Penelitian Hukum, Jakarta: Penerbit Universitas Indonesia (UI Press)Soerjono Soekanto & Sri Mamudji, 2003, Penelitian Hukum Normatif: Suatu Tinjauan singkat, Jakarta: Rajawali Pers Sudaryatmo, 1999, Hukum dan Advokasi Konsumen, Bandung: PT. Citra Aditya Bakti Takdir Rahmadi, 2010, Mediasi Penyelesaian Sengketa Melalui Pendekatan Mufakat, Jakarta: PT. Raja GrafindoTakdir Rahmadi, 2011, Mediasi Penyelesaian Sengketa Melalui Pendekatan Mufakat, Jakarta: Rajawali Pers Zainuddin Ali, 2015, Metode Penelitian Hukum, Jakarta: Sinar GrafikaZulham, 2013, Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen, Jakarta: Kencana prenada media groupAssaad, A. Istiqlal. (2017). Hakikat Sanksi Dalam Perspektif Hukum Pidana Indonesia Dan Hukum Pidana Islam (Studi Tentang Pidana Mati). Makassar: Al Ishlah Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum, Vol. 19 No. 01Aswari, A. (2017). Sibernetika, Teknologi Siber Dan Kebutuhan Hukum. Palu: Jurnal Ilmiah FH Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu, Vol. 3. No. 2Aswari, A., Pasamai, S., Qomar, N., & Abbas, I. (2017). Legal Security On Cellphone Trading Through Electronic Media In Indonesia. Jurnal Dinamika Hukum, 17(2), 181-187.Azis, D. E. P., & Nurhaedah, N. (2018). Juridical Review The Implementation of Oral Agreement is associated with the Law of Treaties and Law Number 8 Year 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. Substantive Justice International Journal of Law, 1(1), 56-64.Buana, A. P., Aswari, A., Said, M. F., & Arifin, M. Y. R. (2018). Responsibility Parking Service Business to The Protection Of Consumer Of The Parking Services in Makassar. Substantive Justice International Journal of Law, 1(1), 23-32.Haikal Ramadhan, Aminah, Suradi, (2016), Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pengguna Uang Elektronik Dalam Melakukan Transaksi Ditinjau Dari Peraturan Bank Indonesia Nomor 16/8/Pbi/2014 Tentang Uang Elektronik (E-Money),Semarang: Diponegoro Law Review, vol.5 No. 2 Kapindha, Ros Angesti anas. Dwi M., S., Febrina, W. Rizky. (2014). Efektivitas Dan Efisiensi Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) Sebagai Salah Satu Penyelesaian Sengketa Bisnis Di Indonesia. Surakarta: Jurnal Hukum, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta.Nurhaedah, N. (2015). Analisis Hukum Terhadap Asuransi Kendaraan Bermotor Bagi Pemilik Kendaraan Sebagai Tertanggung. PLENO JURE, 4(5), 28-41.Maria Margaretha Christi Ningrum Blegur Laumuri, 2016: Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pemegang Uang Elektronik (Electronic Money) Pada Bank Dalam Melakukan Transaksi Pembayaran Non Tunai, Denpasar: Universitas Udayana

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