Agro-Industrial Residues as Solid Substrate for α-Amylase Production Using Solid State Fermentation by Filamentous Fungi: A Review

Research Highlights: For the first time, a model was developed and applied for polysaccharide production from Trametes versicolor grown in agro-industrial and woody residues under solid-state fermentation (SSF) conditions. Background and Objectives: Fungal biomass is an important biological resource for biotechnological applications. Basidiomycetes fungi can be grown and developed on lignocellulosic materials such as forestry, wood, and agro-industrial residues in order to produce value-added products like bioactive polysaccharides. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of the C/N ratio and copper concentration on biomass and polysaccharide production during solid state fermentation (SSF), as well as on the consumption of cellulose and hemicellulose, and lignin degradation, and to propose and validate a mathematical model to describe the overall SSF process. Materials and Methods: This research was carried out by growing three Basidiomycetes species (T. versicolor, Lentinula edodes, and Pleurotus ostreatus) on twelve formulations of solid substrates using mixtures of different inexpensive lignocellulosic residues such as oak sawdust, coconut fiber (hairs), coffee husks, and corn bran plus soybean oil, calcium carbonate, and two levels of copper(II) sulfate. Results: The three fungal species grew well on all substrate formulations. The statistical analysis of experimental data showed no significant effects on polysaccharide production, in the range of C/N and copper concentrations evaluated. Taking into account that the best polysaccharide production was obtained with T. versicolor (96.09 mg/g solid substrate), a mathematical model was proposed for this fungus to describe the behavior of the fermentation system from the obtained data of all the resulting combinations to reach the highest polysaccharide production by the fungus. Conclusions: The mathematical model disclosed in this work enabled to describe the growth and development of a higher basidiomycete under solid-state fermentation conditions on lignocellulosic substrates as well as the production of value-added products like polysaccharides with medicinal properties.

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Erratum to: Optimization of Xylanase Production by Filamentous Fungi in Solid-State Fermentation and Scale-up to Horizontal Tube Bioreactor

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology ◽

10.1007/s12010-015-1534-1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 176 (1) ◽

pp. 317-319 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N. Pérez-Rodríguez ◽

F. Oliveira ◽

B. Pérez-Bibbins ◽

I. Belo ◽

A. Torrado Agrasar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Filamentous Fungi ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Scale Up ◽

Horizontal Tube ◽

Xylanase Production

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Potential of apple pomace as a solid substrate for fungal cellulase and hemicellulase bioproduction through solid-state fermentation

Industrial Crops and Products ◽

10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.12.036 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

pp. 6-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

Gurpreet Singh Dhillon ◽

Surinder Kaur ◽

Satinder Kaur Brar ◽

Mausam Verma

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Solid Substrate ◽

Apple Pomace ◽

Fungal Cellulase

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Optimization of Cultural Conditions for Solid State Fermentation of Amylase Production by Aspergillus species

Nepal Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.3126/njst.v14i1.8924 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 67-74

Author(s):

Bina Gautam ◽

Tika B Karki ◽

Om Prakash Panta

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Rice Bran ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Food Industry ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Amylolytic Enzyme ◽

Cultural Conditions ◽

Amylase Production ◽

Selection Of

Amylase is an amylolytic enzyme used in food industry which is generally produced by Aspergillus spp. under solid state fermentation. The present study is concerned with the isolation, screening and selection of suitable strains of Aspergillus spp. and optimization of cultural conditions for the biosynthesis of amylase. Rice and wheat brans were used as substrates which are readily available inexpensive raw materials for amylase production. From 85 samples of rice and wheat grains, 55 colonies obtained on potato dextrose agar (PDA) were suspected to be Aspergillus oryzae and only 35 colonies possessed the morphological characteristics similar to that of A. oryzae indicating the isolates were most likely the strains of A. oryzae. Of all the fungal isolates of Aspergillus spps., Asp.31 gave maximum production of amylase (720.782 IUgds-1) in solid state fermentation media. This strain was selected as a parental strain for optimization for cultural conditions. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS- 11.5 program. Of all the substrates (rice bran, wheat bran and their mixture), rice bran was the best for producing amylase of highest activity 611.614 IUgds-1.The highest enzyme activity of 698.749 IUgds-1 was observed at 50% initial moisture level of the substrate. The optimum temperature was 25°C for producing the crude amylase enzyme with amylase activity of 577.757 IUgds-1. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 14, No. 1 (2013) 67-74 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v14i1.8924

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OPTIMISASI PRODUKSI ENZIM LAKASE PADA FERMENTASI KULTUR PADAT MENGGUNAKAN JAMUR PELAPUK PUTIH Marasmius sp. : PENGARUH UKURAN PARTIKEL, KELEMBAPAN, DAN KONSENTRASI Cu

JURNAL SELULOSA ◽

10.25269/jsel.v3i02.45 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (02) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cornelius Damar Hanung ◽

Ronald Osmond ◽

Hendro Risdianto ◽

Sri Harjati Suhardi ◽

Tjandra Setiadi

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Solid State ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

White Rot Fungi ◽

Batch Process ◽

Solid Substrate ◽

White Rot

White rot fungi of Marasmius sp. is a fungus which produce laccase in high activity. Laccase is one of the ligninolityc enzymes that capable to degrade lignin. This ability can be used for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials in the bioethanol production. Laccase was produced in flask by batch process using Solid State Fermentation (SSF). The optimisation was conducted by statistically of full factorial design. The particle size, moisture content, and Cu concentration were investigated in this study. Rice straw was used as solid substrate and the glycerol was used as the carbon sources in modified Kirk medium. The results showed that particle size of rice straw did not affect significantly to the enzyme activity. The highest laccase activity of 4.45 IU/g dry weight was obtained at the moisture content of 61% and Cu concentration of 0.1 mM.Keywords: laccase, Marasmius sp., optimisation, rice straw, solid state fermentation ABSTRAKJamur pelapuk putih, Marasmius sp. merupakan jamur yang menghasilkan enzim lakase dengan aktivitas tinggi. Lakase merupakan enzim ligninolitik yang dapat mendegradasi lignin. Kemampuan ini dapat digunakan untuk proses pengolahan awal bahan lignoselulosa pada pembuatan bioetanol. Produksi lakase dilakukan dalam labu dengan modus batch menggunakan fermentasi kultur padat. Optimisasi produksi enzim lakase dengan metode fermentasi padat dilakukan dengan rancangan percobaan faktorial penuh. Pengaruh ukuran partikel, kelembapan, dan konsentrasi Cu diuji dengan medium penyangga jerami dengan menambahkan gliserol dalam medium Kirk termodifikasi sebagai sumber karbon. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ukuran jerami tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap aktivitas enzim. Aktivitas enzim lakase maksimum terjadi pada saat kelembapan 61% dan konsentrasi Cu 0,1 mM dengan aktivitas enzim lakase/berat kering tertinggi mencapai 4,45 IU/g.Kata kunci: lakase, Marasmius sp., optimisasi, jerami, fermentasi kultur padat

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Production of Pigments by Filamentous Fungi Cultured on Agro-Industrial by-Products Using Submerged and Solid-State Fermentation Methods

Fermentation ◽

10.3390/fermentation7040295 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 295

Author(s):

Tumisi Beiri Jeremiah Molelekoa ◽

Thierry Regnier ◽

Laura Suzanne da Silva ◽

Wilma Augustyn

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Filamentous Fungi ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Culture Media ◽

Pigment Production ◽

Manufacturing Industries ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries ◽

Lower Biomass ◽

By Products

The food and pharmaceutical industries are searching for natural colour alternatives as required by consumers. Over the last decades, fungi have emerged as producers of natural pigments. In this paper, five filamentous fungi; Penicillium multicolour, P. canescens, P. herquie, Talaromyces verruculosus and Fusarium solani isolated from soil and producing orange, green, yellow, red and brown pigments, respectively, when cultured on a mixture of green waste and whey were tested. The culture media with varying pH (4.0, 7.0 and 9.0) were incubated at 25 °C for 14 days under submerged and solid-state fermentation conditions. Optimal conditions for pigment production were recorded at pH 7.0 and 9.0 while lower biomass and pigment intensities were observed at pH 4.0. The mycelial biomass and pigment intensities were significantly higher for solid-state fermentation (0.06–2.50 g/L and 3.78–4.00 AU) compared to submerged fermentation (0.220–0.470 g/L and 0.295–3.466 AU). The pigment intensities were corroborated by lower L* values with increasing pH. The λmax values for the pigments were all in the UV region. Finally, this study demonstrated the feasibility of pigment production using green waste:whey cocktails (3:2). For higher biomass and intense pigment production, solid-state fermentation may be a possible strategy for scaling up in manufacturing industries.

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Performance of Fungal Growth Through Integrated Gompertz Model and Respiratory Quotient by Solid State Fermentation in Multi-Layer Squared Tray Solid State Bioreactor with Aeration Strategies

10.21203/rs.3.rs-609415/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Musaalbakri Abdul Manan ◽

Colin Webb

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Respiratory Quotient ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Gompertz Model ◽

Solid Substrate ◽

Aspergillus Awamori ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Fungal Activity ◽

On Line

Abstract A newly designed, laboratory-scaled and multi-layer squared tray solid state bioreactor (SSB), was developed and successfully operated in solid state fermentation (SSF) conditions. The bioreactor was divided into eight layers of squared perforated trays. Wheat bran was used as a solid substrate for the growth of Aspergillus awamori and Aspergillus oryzae. The SSB was equipped with an oxygen (O2)/carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyser and a thermocouple. Continuous on-line monitoring of fungal growth could be performed by indirect methods that measure O2 consumed, production of CO2 and metabolic heat. The advantage of using this method is that there are no tedious and time-consuming sampling processes. The evolution of CO2, which represents an accumulation term, was integrated with time and fitted to the Gompertz model in a log-like equation. The Gompertz model generated values that may be used to stimulate and verify the experimental data. Results strongly suggest that the evolved and accumulated CO2, excellently described fungal growth. Simulated results agreed with experimental results. The respiratory quotient (RQ), which is the ratio of CO2 evolution rate (CER) to O2 uptake rate (OUR), was determined by the gas balance method. CER and OUR confirmed that measurements correlated to fungal activity. Each RQ values can explain the differences of each SFF process carried out. Yet, heat evolved by fungal activity also described fungal growth. The current findings is an excellent pre-liminary experimental work, evidencing that multi-layer squared tray SSB with forced moistened aeration present a promising alternative of instrumented bioreactors for SSF processes.

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