Efficacy of Blanching and Infrared Dehydration on Phytochemical and Antioxidant Properties of the Dried Vernonia amygdalina Bitter Leaf Tea

Background: Liver disease and toxicity is common, especially with many drug treatments. The effect of Vernonia amygdalina ethanolic leaf extract post-treatment on rats pre-treated with dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) was evaluated.Methods: Male wistar rats were orally administered DMN (single dose of 25 mg/kg) on first day and thereafter post-treated with 100 and 200mg/kg ethanolic leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina for seven days. Analysis of serum concentrations of albumin, total protein, total bilirubin and glucose were carried out.Results: Administration of DMN alone to rats significantly increased glucose and total bilirubin concentration (P < 0.05) in the serum while it significantly reduced (P<0.05) serum total protein and albumin concentrations when compared with controls. However, post-treatment of DMN administered rats with 100 and 200 mg/kg ethanolic extract leaf of Vernonia amygdalina significantly (P<0.05) reversed these changes in a concentration dependent manner.Conclusion: In conclusion ethanolic leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina have a potent hypoglycaemic and hepatoprotective action against dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver damage in rats may be due to its antioxidant properties.

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Lipid Peroxidation, Lipid Profile Changes and Antioxidant Properties of the Combination of Vernonia amygdalina and Ficus exasperata on the Blood, Liver and Kidney of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ◽

10.9734/ajbgmb/2021/v8i130187 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 37-47

Author(s):

Ukperoro Uyoyo Jeremiah ◽

Awarota Ruth Oghogho ◽

Oroye Otsuko ◽

Udeze Maria Chizoba

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Catalase Activity ◽

Risk Index ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Atherogenic Index ◽

Hepatic Enzymes ◽

Vernonia Amygdalina ◽

Control Serum

Background: The use of plants known to possess significant antioxidant activities have been widely recommended in the complementary and alternate system of medicine in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Among the many plant used in Nigeria for the management of DM are Vernonia amygdalina and Ficus exasperata. This study was designed to assess the effect of the combination of the aqueous extract of Vernonia amygdalina and Ficus exasperata on blood glucose level, lipid profile, hepatic enzymes, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in alloxan-induced diabetes in rats. Method: Twenty five rats were divided into five groups. Four groups were made diabetic by the intra-peritoneal administration of alloxan monohydrate (150mg/kg body weight) while the fifth group served as normal control. Serum, hepatic and renal concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) as well as the catalase activity were determined. The blood lipid profile and some hepatic enzymes were also studied. Result: The combined extract lowered lipid peroxidation, increase glutathione concentration and catalase activity in all the tissues of diabetic rats. The individual extract lowered the total cholesterol LDL-Cholesterol, coronary risk index (CRI), and atherogenic index (AI) while increasing the concentration of HDL cholesterol in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes lowered hepatic enzymes’ activities but the leaf extract significantly increased it. Conclusion: It can be concluded that combination of the extracts showed additive effect on each other and it is highly recommended for the management of diabetes.

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Ameliorative Effect of Vernonia amygdalina Plant Extract on Heavy Metal-Induced Liver and Kidney Dysfunction in Rats

Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1155/2020/2976905 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Precious Barnes ◽

Joshua Kwame Yeboah ◽

Wilson Gbedema ◽

Roland Osei Saahene ◽

Benjamin Amoani

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Toxicity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Heavy Metal Toxicity ◽

Control Group ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Vernonia Amygdalina ◽

Kidney Dysfunction ◽

Liver And Kidney

Heavy metal toxicity contributes to liver and kidney dysfunction and damage through oxidative stress mechanisms; however, from previous studies, extracts from the Vernonia amygdalina plant have shown to possess potent antioxidant properties. This study was aimed at uncovering the potential ameliorative effects of ethanolic extract from Vernonia amygdalina plant in heavy metal toxicity-induced liver and kidney dysfunction. For this study, 44 Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups. The control group received a basal diet and water only while the treatment groups received varied dosages of the heavy metals. The copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) groups had five subgroups. The Cu only and Cu recovery subgroups were administered with 16 mg/kg Cu intraperitoneally daily for 14 days, whereas the Pb only and Pb recovery subgroups were administered with 13 mg/kg Pb intraperitoneally daily for 14 days. Subsequently, the Pb only and Cu only subgroups were sacrificed. The three Pb and Cu treatment subgroups received oral graded doses (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg) of the extract for 21 days. The Cu recovery and Pb recovery subgroups were left to recover for 21 days. After histological examinations, the Pb and Cu pretreatment groups showed evidence of focal necrosis accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltrations. The serum levels of liver biomarkers AST, ALT, and GGT, as well as urea and creatinine, were significantly elevated (P=0.01) following copper and lead exposure. Upon posttreatment of the rats with the extract, the physiological levels of the biomarkers were restored and tissue architecture of the organs improved. Thus, the ethanolic extract of Vernonia amygdalina is capable of ameliorating the effects of heavy metal toxicity through potent antioxidative mechanisms.

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Protective Role of Vernonia Amygdalina Leaf Aqueous Extract Against Neomycin-Induced Hair Cell Damage in Transgenic Zebrafish

Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research ◽

10.37290/ctnr2641-452x.18:366-372 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 366-372

Author(s):

Chia-Fang Hsu ◽

Fu-An Yang ◽

Shih-Chuan Liu ◽

Shuan-Yow Li ◽

Hao-Wei Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Hair Cell ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Hair Cells ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Transgenic Zebrafish ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Vernonia Amygdalina

Aminoglycoside treatment increases the loss of hair cells in the inner ear. Once the hair cells are lost, they are unable to regenerate spontaneously, and the resulting hearing loss is profound and irreversible in humans. The aqueous extract from the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina has been reported to have antioxidant properties. In this study, we evaluated whether the aqueous extracts of Vernonia amygdalina leaf could protect hair cells from aminoglycoside-induced damage using a transgenic zebrafish line. Our results showed that the EC50 of 1,1-Diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate), a measure of antioxidant capacity, of the aqueous extracts of Vernonia amygdalina leaf was 11.31 mg/mL and 2.73 mg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the total phenolic and flavonoids contents were 11.48 ŷ 3.12 mg gallic acid/g and 6.89 ŷ 0.65 mg catechin/g, respectively. In the toxicology study, the larval survival rate was significantly decreased and was dependent on the dosage of aqueous extracts of Vernonia amygdalina leaf, whereas it had no significant toxicity at doses below 2.5 mg/mL concentration (survival rate = 100%). Furthermore, a hair cell survival study shows that aqueous extracts of Vernonia amygdalina leaf decreased neomycin-induced hair cell death in a dose-dependent manner (survival rate = ∼94.1 ŷ 3.1% at 2 mg/mL concentration). Overall, these results suggest that the aqueous extracts of Vernonia amygdalina leaf possess the antioxidant effect and protects against hair cell loss caused by toxic side effects of neomycin. An optimal aqueous extract of Vernonia amygdalina leaf can be consumed as an herbal medicine without probable toxicity to body tissues and organs.

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Comparative Proximate, Vitamin and Mineral Composition of Leaves of Four Selected Tropical Vegetable Plants Namely: Ocimum gratissimum, Piper guineense, Gongronema latifolium and Vernonia amygdalina

European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety ◽

10.9734/ejnfs/2019/v10i130100 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 84-93

Author(s):

Bob I. A. Mgbeje ◽

Ezekiel Udo Umoh ◽

Onot Ekpe

Keyword(s):

Vitamin C ◽

Mineral Composition ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Leafy Vegetables ◽

Vernonia Amygdalina ◽

Piper Guineense ◽

Ocimum Gratissimum ◽

Therapeutic Uses ◽

Gongronema Latifolium

Aim: The aim of the study was to carry out a comparative analysis of the proximate, vitamin and mineral composition of the leaves of four selected tropical vegetable plants namely: Ocimum gratissimum, Piper guineense, Gongronema latifolium and Vernonia amygdalina. Methodology: Fresh leaves of each vegetable were washed and air dried at room temperature for two weeks. The dried leaves were pulverized using a mechanical grinder. Measured amounts were subjected to quantitative proximate, vitamin and mineral analysis. Results: For all four plants, carbohydrates was the major macronutrient constituents (range 49.61-64.09% dry wt.) followed by fats (15.06-29.43%), Protein (7.28-12.53%), ash (1.81-14.82%) and fiber (2.92-7.53%) in that order. G. latifolium had the highest carbohydrate (64.09±0.09% dry weight) and protein (12.53±0.10%) composition while V. amygdalina had the highest fat (29.43±0.03%) composition. Results of Ash analysis of the four leaves showed P. guineense to have the highest total mineral content (14.82±0.12% dry wt.) followed by V. amygdalina (10.75±0.01%), O. gratissimum (4.60±0.04%) and G. latifolium (1.81±0.01%) in that order. O. gratissimum and P. guineense had the highest composition of fiber (7.53±0.02% and 7.22±0.02% respectively) closely followed by G. latifolium (6.03±0.02%) and V. amygdalina (2.92±0.02%). Vitamin analysis revealed that leaves of the four vegetable plants contained high levels of vitamin C (range 18.1-43.4 mg/100 g) and appreciable quantities of vitamins A (0.3-1.2 mg/100 g) and E (0.67-0.9 mg/100 g). V. amygdalina leaf contained the highest concentration of vitamin C (43.4±0.01 mg/100 g) and A (1.2±0.9 mg/100 g) while O. gratissimum had the highest vitamin E content (0.9 mg/100 g). The mineral assay indicated that the leaves of the plants contain high levels of Magnesium (Mg)(3.6-24.8 mg/100 g), Phosphorus (P) (2.8-34.3 mg/100 g), Calcium (Ca) (12.1-19.0 mg/100 g) and copper (Cu) (5.8-18.5 mg/100 g) relative to their Zinc (Zn) (1.1-2.1 mg/100 g), Potassium (K) (2.1-6.9 mg/100 g) and Sodium (Na) (4.3-8.1 mg/100 g) contents. Conclusion: In conclusion, these plants were shown to be rich in carbohydrates, proteins and fats, vitamins and minerals justifying their use in diets. That the plants were particularly rich in vitamins and mineral with antioxidant properties could explain the therapeutic uses of the various preparations of these leafy vegetables, in traditional medicine, for the treatment and management of diseases that have their etiology and pathophysiology in free radical generation and oxidative stress.

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Antioxidant properties of chlorophyll-enriched and chlorophyll-depleted polyphenolic fractions from leaves of Vernonia amygdalina and Gongronema latifolium

Food Research International ◽

10.1016/j.foodres.2010.12.019 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 44 (8) ◽

pp. 2435-2441 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Comfort F. Fasakin ◽

Chibuike C. Udenigwe ◽

Rotimi E. Aluko

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Vernonia Amygdalina ◽

Gongronema Latifolium

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Comparative studies on the hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities of Vernonia amygdalina delile and Baccharoides tenoreana olive in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats

Clinical Phytoscience ◽

10.1186/s40816-021-00330-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Samuel Chijioke Attama ◽

Patrick Emeka Aba ◽

Chinwe Uchechukwu Asuzu ◽

Isaac Uzoma Asuzu

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Islet Cells ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Vernonia Amygdalina ◽

Once Daily ◽

Alloxan Monohydrate

Abstract Background Vernonia amygdalina is a bitter culinary vegetable known to possess anti-diabetic principle. Baccharoides tenoreana belonging to the same species as V. amygdalina, is also used in cooking soup and it is comparatively non-bitter. However, its glycemic properties have not been studied. This study becomes imperative to find out if B. tenoreana possesses hypoglycemic and antioxidant properties and how it compares with V. amygdalina. Should B. tenoreana be better than V. amygdalina, it should be preferable since it is non-bitter and can comfortably be taken compared to V. amygdalina. This study investigated the comparative hypoglycemic and antioxidant potentials of V. amygdalina (VA) and B. tenoreana (BT). Methods Thirty male Albino wistar rats assigned into six groups of five rats per group were used for the study. Diabetes was induced in groups B-F rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate at 160 mg/kg. Groups C-E rats were treated with VA (200 mg/kg), BT (200 mg/kg) and combination of VA & BT (100 mg/kg each) respectively. Group F rats were administered glibenclamide (2 mg/kg) whereas groups A and B rats were given distilled water. All treatments were through the oral administration, once daily for 21 consecutive days. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were determined after 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 24 h, 7 days, 14 days and 21 days while lipid profile, in vivo antioxidant and pancreatic histomorphology were assessed on day 21 post-treatment. Results The VA-treated rats recorded marginally reduced FBG, malondialdehyde and low-density lipoprotein levels when compared to the counterpart treated with BT. The high-density lipoprotein values were significantly higher in VA-treated rats than in BT-treated rats. The histomorphology of the pancreas of VA-treated rats expressed more islet cells compared to the counterpart treated with VT. Conclusion Both VA and BT exhibited hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities with varying potencies.

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