Investigations on Bacterial Load in the Rural and Urban Indoor and Outdoor Environment of Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1520-1525
Author(s):  
Prachi Dixit
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Airborne Bacteria ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Comparative analysis of airborne bacterial load in the rural and urban indoor and outdoor environment is of utmost importance to evaluate the wellbeing hazards linked with co3ntamination of airborne bacteria in the indoor environment. The present study was conducted during December, 2020 to March, 2021 among 50 randomly selected rural and urban (Adupurajagir and Gwalior, respectively) dwellings to determine the indoor and outdoor bacterial load. The mean load of 562.35 CFU/m3 airborne bacteria was recorded in the indoor environment of a modular kitchen in Gwalior city. The mean load of 2593.75 CFU/m3 bacteria was recorded in the indoor environment of the traditional kitchen in Adupurajagir village. In addition, bacterial load of respectively 1215.13 CFU/m3 and 783.03 CFU/m3 was calculated in the open space at both study sites. Based on morphological characteristics five bacterial species (spp.) were identified Staphylococcus aureus spp, Bacillus spp, Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp, E-coli spp, and Micrococcus spp. By gram staining method the most common bacteria were gram-positive (+ve) [n=85, 54.48% (37.17% cocci, 17.94% bacilli)] followed by gram-negative (-ve) [n=71, 45.51% (23.07% cocci, 21.79% bacilli)] identified. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was employed between bacterial load and physical factors of the indoor environment in the rural traditional kitchen. Bacterial load (CFU/m3) showed a significant correlation with temperature (p < 0.001). However, a non-significant correlation was recorded with relative humidity (p > 0.01). High bacterial load was found in the rural traditional kitchen’s indoor environment compared to urban modular kitchen. Outcomes from this study revealed that bioaerosol sampling could deliver fruitful knowledge about the variation of air quality and prevent possible hospital admissions.

On the understanding of the mean radiant temperature within both the indoor and outdoor environment, a critical review

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 109207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongshan Guo ◽  
Dorit Aviv ◽  
Mauricio Loyola ◽  
Eric Teitelbaum ◽  
Nicholas Houchois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Mean Radiant Temperature ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Radiant Temperature ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Study on Sustainable Use of Raw Soil Material in Rural Houses Design in Western China

2012 ◽  
Vol 476-478 ◽  
pp. 1714-1717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Bin Tan
Keyword(s):  
Building Material ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Western China ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
Ecological Building ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Raw soil is a kind of good ecological building material. But in fact abundant adobe houses in Western China have many defects such as bad indoor environment. This paper discusses from the point of view the ecological characteristics and thinks of that these defects are not the fault of soil itself but the limitation of its constructor’s knowledge. So the author analyses the indoor and outdoor environment of adobe houses and proposes new points that raw soil is a sustainable material which could be absolutely used in rural houses of Western China and at the same time its economic effectiveness is incomparable to other building materials.

scholarly journals PAHs levels in gas and particle-bound phase in schools at different locations in Serbia

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Zivkovic ◽  
Milena Jovasevic-Stojanovic ◽  
Anka Cvetkovic ◽  
Ivan Lazovic ◽  
Visa Tasic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Diagnostic Ratios ◽  
Heating Season ◽  
Traffic Emission ◽  
Total Pahs ◽  
Pahs Concentration ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

This study investigated seasonal variation of PAHs and their partition between gas and particulate-bounded phases in indoor and outdoor air in 4 schools in Serbia located at different locations. The sampling campaigns were conducted during one workweek at each school successively. Campaigns were conducted in schools during heating and non-heating seasons in December 2011 and June 2012. Seasonal variations of gas and particle-bounded PAHs concentrations were observed with higher levels during heating season. The highest total PAH values were associated with the gas phase in both sampling periods. The total PAHs concentration at indoor and at the outdoor sites, during heating season, ranged from 88.45 to 447.72 ng/m3 and 201.69 to 1017.15 ng/m3, respectively. During non-heating season, the total PAHs concentration ranged from 36.91 to 271.57 ng/m3 in indoor environment and 27.00 to 132.32 ng/m3 in outdoor environment. Most of the I/O ratios were less than 1, which indicated that the indoor PAHs were mostly from outdoor sources. The use of diagnostic ratio showed that traffic emission and coal combustion are the major sources of PAHs. Only the diagnostic ratios for the school, located near the industrial area, showed significant deviation compared to other schools.

scholarly journals Microbiological Response to Periodontal Therapy: A Retrospective Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 837-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittorio Checchi ◽  
Gaia Pascolo
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Microbiological Test ◽  
Probing Depth ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

Background:Periodontitis is a multifactorial infection caused by a complex of pathogenic bacterial species that induce the destruction of periodontal structures.Objective:The aim of this study is to evaluate the presence and bacterial load of six periodontal pathogens bacteria, measured at initial visit and after osseous surgery in patients affected by chronic periodontitis and treated between 2005 and 2007.Methods:This cohort study was carried out on a sample of 38 consecutive patients affected by severe chronic periodontitis, diagnosed at baseline on the basis of probing depths equal to 6.68 ± 1.47 mm. On each subject, a microbiological test was performed before periodontal initial therapy and after osseous surgery (one year later). Five compromised teeth were chosen for each patient (the same teeth, before and after surgery), for a total of 190 teeth. Real-time PCR based analysis computed total bacterial load of the samples and quantified six periodontal pathogens:Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia,Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatumandPrevotella intermedia. Data collection was made consulting medical charts.Results:Pocket probing depth reduction after surgery was 4.50 ± 1.54 mm (p=0.0001). The mean number of sites with bleeding at baseline was 2.08 ± 1.17 and 0.58 ± 1.00 after surgery (p=0.001). The mean number of sites with suppuration at baseline was 0.26 ± 0.86 and 0 after surgery (p=0.02). Cell count of each pathogen and total cell count were significantly higher at baseline than after surgery. Almost all bacteria presented a mean percentage reduction equal to that of the total count, except forAaandPi,which seemed to show a greater resistance. The difference of bacterial load, both before and after surgery, between smokers and non-smokers was not statistically significant (p<0.05). A statistically significant correlation was detected between pocket probing depth variation and bleeding on probing variation before and after the surgery, controlling for age (r=0.6,p=0.001). No significant correlations were observed between pocket probing depth and bacterial loads, except forPg(r=0.5,p=0.001),Tf(r=0.6,p=0.001) andTd(r=0.4,p=0.02).Conclusions:Reduction of presence and bacterial load of the examined periodontal pathogens bacteria after osseous surgery, along with periodontal pocket reduction, appeared to be essential to achieve and maintain periodontal stability over years.

scholarly journals Identifikasi Golongan Darah O dengan Metode Absorpsi Elusi pada Sampel Darah Kering yang Terdapat pada substrat Kain Jeans dalam Waktu dan Lingkungan Berbeda

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-173
Author(s):  
Yunita Tri Utami ◽  
Susanti Pudji Hastuti ◽  
Bowo Nurcahyo
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Elution Method ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor ◽  
Success Percentage

This research aims to determine the time limit needed and the environmental conditions that provide the highest success rate in identifying dried blood samples on the fabric of stretch denim, ramie denim, black coated denim, and dry denim jeans using the elution absorption method. Also, to evaluate the effect of the fabric fabric, environmental condition, time, and interactions regarding the success rate of blood group identification. The study was conducted using 3 replications for each type of jeans fabric, which was carried out by exposing blood to a jeans fabric, leaving it in an indoor and outdoor environment for up to 336 hours (14 days), then continued by making a red blood cell suspension for comparison, and examining blood groups using the absorption-elution method. From the results obtained, it is known that the blood exposed in the jeans fabric that being placed indoor for up to 336 hours (14 days) can still be identified and has a success percentage rate of up to 100%. Meanwhile, the blood exposed on the jeans fabric that was placed outdoor could no longer be identified after 264 hours (11 days). Based on the result of this study, it can be concluded that the exposure time of 366 hours (14 days) for the indoor environment can still be identified properly, while the exposure time of 264 hours (11 days) for dry blood samples in the outdoor environment can no longer be identified. The indoor environment gives a better percentage of success than the outdoor environment in identifying blood types from dry blood samples. The best types of substrates that can store blood at an exposure time of up to 336 hours (14 days) are dry denim, black coated denim, and stretch denim.

Relationships Between Aerosol Particles and Airborne Bacteria and their Dependence on Environmental Factors in a Dairy Calf House

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1819-1828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Aminul Islam ◽  
Atsuo Ikeguchi ◽  
Takanori Naide
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Airborne Bacteria ◽  
Dairy Calf ◽  
Outdoor Temperature ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Abstract. The quality of indoor air dramatically affects the health of animals and humans. An investigation was conducted into the relationships among the total number of aerosol particles and different types of airborne bacteria and their dependence on indoor and outdoor environmental factors, including air temperature and relative humidity (RH), in the indoor air of a dairy calf house in Tochigi, Japan, during the summer season. The concentrations of aerosol particles, the concentrations of airborne total aerobic bacteria (, , and spp.) in the indoor air, and the indoor and outdoor temperature and RH were evaluated from 14 weekly measurements. The mean concentration of small aerosol particles (0.3 to 2.0 µm) was higher than the mean concentration of large aerosol particles (2.0 to 10.0 µm) in the summer season. The mean concentration of airborne total aerobic bacteria was higher than the concentrations of airborne , , and spp. Airborne and were positively correlated with the number of 2.0 to 10.0 µm aerosol particles, i.e., high concentrations of 2.0 to 10.0 µm particles were correlated with high concentrations of airborne and . Airborne total aerobic bacteria did not correlate with the number of aerosol particles of any size, but spp. was negatively correlated with the number of 1.0 to 2.0 µm aerosol particles, i.e., high concentrations of 1.0 to 2.0 µm particles were correlated with low concentrations of airborne spp. The indoor temperature and indoor and outdoor RH did not correlate with any airborne bacteria. The outdoor temperature was negatively correlated with spp., i.e., high outdoor temperature was correlated with a low concentration of spp. in the indoor air of the dairy calf house. Both indoor and outdoor temperatures were positively correlated with the number of 0.5 to 5.0 µm aerosol particles, and indoor RH was negatively correlated with the number of 5.0 to 10.0 µm aerosol particles. These findings will be important for elucidating the role of aerosol particles in the transmission of airborne bacteria and ultimately for the mitigation of aerosol particles and airborne bacteria in dairy houses. HighlightsThe number of fine aerosol particles increased with increasing temperatures.Environmental factors had a less critical effect on airborne bacteria than aerosol particles.Airborne E. coli strongly positively correlated with 5.0 to 10.0 µm aerosol particles.Airborne Salmonella spp. negatively correlated with 1.0 to 2.0 µm aerosol particles.Relative humidity did not affect any airborne bacteria. Keywords: Aerosol particle number, Airborne bacteria, Dairy calf, Indoor air, Relationship, Summer season.

An aero mycological analysis of Mucormycetes in indoor and outdoor environments of northern India

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
Hariprasath Prakash ◽  
Shreya Singh ◽  
Shivaprakash Mandya Rudramurthy ◽  
Pankaj Singh ◽  
Neha Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
North India ◽  
Invasive Infection ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Spore Count ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Abstract Mucormycosis is an angio-invasive infection, predominantly acquired by inhalation of sporangiospores from the environment. However, the burden of Mucormycetes sporangiospores in the air is not well studied. We aimed to estimate the burden of Mucormycetes spores in the outdoor and indoor (hospital) environment across different seasons in north India. A total of 380 air samples from outdoor (n = 180) and indoor (n = 200) environment were included in the study. Air samples were suctioned using air sampler (100 l/min) and cultured on Dichloran Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol (DRBC) with benomyl for selective isolation of Mucormycetes. The isolates were identified by phenotypic and genotypic methods. The mean spore count (±SD) of Mucormycetes (cfu/m3) in outdoor samples varied from 0.73 (±0.96) to 8.60 (±5.70) across different seasons. In hospital, the mean spore count varied from 0.68 (±1.07) to 1.12 (±1.07) and 0.88 (±1.01) to 1.72 (±2.17) for air-conditioned wards and non-air-conditioned wards, respectively. Rhizopus arrhizus was the predominant agent isolated from both indoor and outdoor environment followed by Cunninghamella species. We also report a single isolate of the rare mucormycete agent, Apophysomyces variabilis from outdoor environment. The present study highlights the presence of low spore burden of Mucormycetes in outdoor and hospital settings in north India. This study also reports the first isolation of A. variabilis from air samples in the Indian subcontinent.

scholarly journals Accuracy Assessment of Various Resolutions Digital Cameras For Close Range Photogrammetry Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasim Ahmed Ali AL-Baghdadi ◽  
Hassan Ali Alizze ◽  
Kasim Abed AL-Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
Object Distance ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Precise Relationship ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Due to the great evolution in digital commercial cameras, several studies have addressed the using of such cameras in different civil and close-range applications such as 3D models generation. However, previous studies have not discussed a precise relationship between a camera resolution and the accuracy of the models generated based on images of this camera. Therefore the current study aims to evaluate the accuracy of the derived 3D buildings models captured by different resolution cameras. The digital photogrammetric methods were devoted to derive 3D models using the data of various resolution cameras and analyze their accuracies. This investigation involves selecting three different resolution cameras (low, medium and high) and evaluating their calibration accuracies. Assessing the accuracy of the three selected cameras in capturing indoor and outdoor objects; and analyzing the accuracy and the quality of the produced models. The study revealed that:1) It is recommended to use the photos of a high-resolution camera for producing precise 3D models of objects in the outdoor environment especially when the camera/object distance is more than 40 m because the accuracy of the  produced models can be  precise (RMSE ±10.36mm) with excellent quality; 2) The Low-resolution camera can be utilised to produce adequate 3D models of object in the indoor environment (RMSE ±6.32mm) especially when the camera/object distance is less than 40 m.  

scholarly journals Effectiveness of 0.66% Povidone-Iodine Eye Drops on Ocular Surface Flora before Cataract Surgery: A Nationwide Microbiological Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2198
Author(s):  
Rosario Musumeci ◽  
Pasquale Troiano ◽  
Marianna Martinelli ◽  
Matteo Piovella ◽  
Claudio Carbonara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Contralateral Eye

A multicenter, nonrandomized, prospective, controlled study was conducted to evaluate, as perioperative prophylactic treatment, the anti-infective effectiveness of 0.66% povidone-iodine eye drops (IODIM®) against the bacterial flora of the conjunctival surface of patients who undergo cataract surgery. Eye drops containing 0.66% povidone-iodine were applied to the eye undergoing cataract surgery; the untreated contralateral eye was used as control. One hundred and twenty patients set to receive unilateral cataract surgery were enrolled in 5 Italian Ophthalmology Centers and pretreated for three days with 0.66% povidone-iodine eye drops. The contralateral eye, used as control, was left untreated. Conjunctival swabs of both eyes were collected at the baseline visit and after three days of treatment, just before the cataract surgery. A qualitative and quantitative microbiological analysis of bacterial presence was evaluated by means of bacterial culture, followed by identification. Methicillin resistance determination was also performed on staphylococci isolates. Bacterial load before and after treatment of the eye candidate for cataract surgery was evaluated and compared to the untreated eye. A reduction or no regrowth on the culture media of the bacterial load was observed in 100% of the study subjects. A great heterogenicity of bacterial species was found. The 0.66% povidone-iodine eye drops, used for three days prior to cataract surgery, were effective in reducing the conjunctival bacterial load. The 0.66% povidone-iodine eye drops (IODIM®) might represent a valid perioperative prophylactic antiseptic adjuvant treatment to protect the ocular surface from microbial contamination in preparation of the surgical procedure.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document