The Prevalence of Melanocytic Naevi at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Imasogie D E ◽  
Azeke T A
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Sex Distribution ◽  
Skin Tumours ◽  
Melanocytic Naevi ◽  
Differential Exposure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
The University ◽  
Spread Sheet

Introduction: Melanocytic naevi are benign melanocytic tumours. Some of them may progress to malignant melanoma that has an enormous and ever increasing clinical and economical importance with a high mortality rate. Despite this association, we noticed a dearth of data of benign melanocytic tumoursin Nigeria. This aim of this study is to determine the prevalence, age and sex distribution of benign melanocytic tumours in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital,(UBTH). Methodology: This was a retrospective study which was carried out over a ten-year period in UBTH between January 2004 and December 2013. All cases of benign melanocytic tumoursdiagnosed histologically during the period under review were collated. Histology slides were retrieved, reviewed and the diagnosis recorded against the corresponding patient’s name on a data spread sheet. The data obtained from this study was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 16 (SPSS 16, SPSSInc. Chicago, Illinois, United States of America. Result: There were 17 cases of melanocytic naevi seen over the study period giving a prevalence of 4.5% of skin tumours. The mean age for the development of melanocytic naeviin this study was 32.71 years (SD = 22.64) and a peak in the 2nd decade. A female preponderance with a bimodal peak age, in the 2nd and 3rd decades was observed. Conclusion: There is a low prevalence rate of melanocytic naevi in our own environment, unlike in the Caucasians of Australian nationality. The differential exposure to high level of UV radiationis key to this observation.

scholarly journals Aphakia Correction by Injection of Foldable Intra Ocular Lens in the Anterior Chamber

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. OED.S12672
Author(s):  
Kagmeni Giles ◽  
Moukouri Ernest ◽  
Domngang Christelle ◽  
Nguefack-Tsague Georges ◽  
Cheuteu Raoul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Case Series ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The University

We assessed the outcomes of the use of anterior chamber foldable lens for unilateral aphakia correction at the University Teaching Hospital of Yaounde. In this retrospective, non-comparative, consecutive case series study, we reviewed the records of patients who underwent an operation for aphakia correction by the means of injection of an angular supported foldable lens between January 2009 and December 2011 in the University Teaching Hospital Yaounde. Student's paired t-test was carried out to compare preoperative and postoperative visual acuity (VA) and intraocular pressure (TOP). P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Twenty-one patients were included in the study; twelve were male (57.1%) and nine were female (42.9%). The mean age was 55.38 ± 17.67 years (range 9–75 years). The mean follow-up duration was 5.95 ± 3.14 months (range 2–12 months). The mean logMAR visual acuity was 1.26 ± 0.46 pre-operatively and 0.78 ± 0.57 post-operatively ( P = 0.003). The change in intraocular pressure was not statistically significant. Complications included intraocular hypertension (over 21 mmHg) in 3 patients (14.3%) and macular edema, pupillar ovalization, and retinal detachment in one patient each. The results indicate that injection of an angular support foldable lens in the anterior chamber is a useful technique for the correction of aphakia in eyes without capsular support. More extended follow-up, however, and a larger series of patients are needed to ascertain the effectiveness and safety of this procedure.

scholarly journals Assessment of Some Haemostatic Parameters in Sickle Cell Anaemia Subjects Resident in Rivers and Bayelsa States

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
Barinaaziga S. Mbeera ◽  
Susanna O. Akwuebu ◽  
A. C. U. Ezimah ◽  
Nancy C. Ibeh ◽  
Evelyn M. Eze
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Sickle Cell Anaemia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The University ◽  
D Dimer

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess some haemostatic parameters in sickle cell anaemia subjects in Rivers and Bayelsa States. Study Design: This study is a cross-sectional observational study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, and the Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, between the months of February and August, 2020.  Methodology: A total of four hundred and fifty (450) subjects with age range of 1-50 years were randomly selected. There were about 200 registered patients (adults and children alike) at the sickle cell clinics of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, and the Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, with an average of 4 new patients per month. The sample size was obtained using a prevalence of sickle cell anaemia of 2% and the sample size was calculated using Cochran sample size formula. Five milliliters (5ml) of venous blood sample was withdrawn from the peripheral vein in the upper limb of subjects using a standard venipuncture technique. The sample was rocked gently to mix and kept at room temperature and the haemostatic parameters (vWF, FVIII, D-dimer, L-arginine, fibrinogen, ADAMTS13) were assayed quantitatively with Bioassay Technozym kit using Microplate Reader (Labtech microplate auto ELISA plate reader, an IS0 13485:2003 CE and WHO compliance Co., Ltd. Shanghai International Holding Corp. GmbH; Europe) calibrated to a wavelength of 450 nm with strict adherence to the manufacturer's instructions, while PT and APTT were analysed with Fortress reagent and Uniscope SM801A Laboratory using water bath.Data management and statistical analyses were conducted using Statistical Analyses System SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina, USA) and p values less than .05were considered statistically significant. Results: The results showed the mean comparison of haemostatic parameters in sickle cell anaemia and control subjects. The comparison of haemostatic parameters showed significant(p<.05) increasesand decreases inVaso-Occlusive Crisis (VOC) and steady state respectively compared with the control group. There was statistically significantreduction in the mean comparison of L-Arginine (p<.01) in VOC) condition than steady state in relation to the control group in our study population, while D-Dimer, ADAMTS13 were also significantly reduced statistically (p<.01) in VOC condition than steady state compared with the control group. However, the mean FVIII inhibitor, Fibrinogen, PT (INR) and APTT were significantly higher (p<.01) in VOC than steady state when compared to controls with normal haemoglobin (HbAA).Correlations of haemostaticparameters by sickle cell anaemia subjects’ condition showed more significant positive correlations in VOC than steady state. Conclusion: This study showed a heightened hypercoagulability in Sickle Cell Snaemia(SCA)subjects, and further pave way for better understanding particularly the diagnostic variables underlying SCA, specific to each subject condition (steady state and VOC). Subjects with SCA, particularly during VOC, undergo significant haemostatic alterations that increase their risk of developing coagulation activation-related complications. Thus, though selected markers of coagulation were significantly different between the subject conditions, they were often significantly higher in the SCA.

scholarly journals Genetic variability of Nigerian sheep breeds at the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) gene locus

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
A. Mohammed ◽  
A. O. Raji ◽  
J. U. Igwebuike
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level ◽  
The University

The genetic variability of some Nigerian breeds of sheep at the IGF 1 locus was investigate blood samples from 150 sheep (50 each of Yankasa, Balami and Uda sheep) were collected from the Maiduguri abbatoir and analysed at the Biotechnology centre of the University of Maiduguri. A relatively high level of genetic variability was detected in Nigerian sheep; the mean observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) values were 0.433 and 0.476, respectively. Comparison of expected heterozygosity of alleles between the populations showed that yankasa was the most heterozygous of the sheep populations though the unbiased expected heterozygosity (0.503) for the Yankasa was the same as that of the Balami. All populations were 100% polymorphic at the IGF 1 locus with fixation index ranging from -0.169 to 0.378 and a mean of 0.093, which suggests a general pattern of random mating. Similarly, low mean values for Fis (0.093), F (0.089), Fis (0.089), Fit (0.130) and Fst (0.045) supports the assertion that inbreeding was limited due to outcrossing with relatively high level of gene-flow (Nm = 5.292). The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that only 1% of the total variations observed in the sampled populations is accounted for by the population differences while individual differences accounted for 85%. The UPGMA phylogenetic tree revealed that the Uda and Yankasa populations are closer to each than each is to Balami. Thus, it can be concluded that sufficient genetic variation exist in the studied Nigerian sheep breeds and these populations are unlikely to decline due to inbreeding.  

scholarly journals Tetanus in School Age Children Seen at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital: A Need for Booster Doses of Tetanus Vaccine

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
B. A. Alex-Hart ◽  
D. LongJohn
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Tetanus Vaccine ◽  
Short Incubation Period ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The University

Background: Tetanus still causes significant morbidity and mortality amongst children in Nigeria despite decades of immunisation with tetanus vaccine. Objectives: To determine the prevalence, case fatality rate and predictors of fatality amongst school age children treated for tetanus at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. Materials and Methods:  This was a retrospective study of all children aged 4 to 17 years treated for tetanus at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2019. Data was obtained from the case notes and ward registers. Socio-demographic characteristics, presenting complaints, incubation period, onset interval, number of Diphtheria, Pertussis and Tetanus (DPT) vaccine received at infancy, treatment outcome, duration and cost of hospital stay were obtained, entered into a spread sheet and analysed with SPSS version 20. Results are presented in tables and percentages. The level of significance was set at P value <0.05. Results:  During the period under review, there were 53 children aged 4 to 17 years treated for tetanus, accounting for 0.3% of the total admission. The mean age was 10.79±3.35 years. There were 33 (62.26%) males and 20 (37.74%) females. Majority 26 (49.06%) of the children were of low socioeconomic class. The commonest 28(52.8%) route of infection was broomstick injury. Majority 32(60.3%) of the children were not immunised in infancy. The mean incubation period was 7.34±4.21 days and the mean onset interval was 8.87±10.44 hours. The two most common symptoms were generalized spasms 49 (21.03%) and trismus 47 (20.17%). Short incubation period (≤4 days) and short onset interval (≤4 hours) were significantly associated with higher death rates (p=0.0002; p=0.012).  Patients with short incubation period of ≤4 days and short onset interval of≤ 4 hours are more likely to die (p=0.0002; p=0.012). Conclusion: There was a high tetanus case fatality rate amongst school age children at University of Port Harcourt. Short incubation period and onset interval were associated with higher mortality. Booster doses of TT containing vaccines should be administered to primary and secondary school children in Port Harcourt to curb the menace.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude and Uptake of Pap Smear among Female Healthcare Professionals in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-402
Author(s):  
AO Olarinoye ◽  
MM Shiru ◽  
AE Ubom ◽  
AO Olabinjo ◽  
IF Abdul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Medical Laboratory ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Screening And Prevention ◽  
High Level ◽  
The University

Background: Despite the high prevalence of cervical cancer (CC) in Nigeria, the uptake of screening services, including Pap smear, remains poor, even amongst healthcare providers. Objective: To assess Pap smear knowledge, attitude, and uptake among female healthcare professionals (FHPs). Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH), Kwara State, Nigeria, using a self-administered questionnaire. Results: A majority (343, 98.6%) of the FHPs knew Pap smear. Five (26.3%) medical laboratory scientists did not know what a Pap smear was. All the nurses, doctors, pharmacists, physiotherapists and medical social workers knew Pap smear. Only a fifth (71; 20.4%) of the FHPs had ever done a Pap smear. The most common reason cited for not having done a Pap smear was lack of time (109; 31.3%). There was a relationship between age and uptake of Pap smear (p = 0.024). Only 188 (54%) of the FHPs had ever recommended Pap smear to other women. Conclusion: Despite the high level of knowledge of Pap smear amongst FHPs in Nigeria, attitude and uptake remain poor. There is a need for further training and education of FHPs on the benefits of CC screening to increase their uptake and improve their effectiveness in promoting positive attitudes towards CC screening and prevention in the general population.

Plasma Iron Indices in Pregnant Women Referred to the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amos Dangana ◽  
Anthony Uchenna Emeribe ◽  
Sanusi Musa ◽  
Lugos D. Moses ◽  
Christopher Ogar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Iron Binding ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Plasma Iron ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Iron Binding Capacity ◽  
The University

Background and Aims: Iron Deficiency (ID) is a common obstetric problem and nutritional disorder that occurs mostly in developing countries. Hence, nutritional studies are required every few years to determine the necessary healthcare interventions for pregnant women. This cross-sectional study evaluated the plasma iron, ferritin, transferrin, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and unsaturated iron-binding capacity (UIBC) levels of pregnant women referred to the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 58 non-pregnant women, 22 pregnant women in the first trimester, 52 in second, and 44 in the third trimester. The plasma ferritin concentration of these samples was measured by chemiluminescence assay, while the plasma transferrin, TIBC, and iron concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plasma ferritin levels <15μg/L were considered ID. Results: The overall prevalence of ID in pregnant women was 33.1%. However, the prevalence of ID was 29.3%, 22.7%, 34.6%, and 36.4% among non-pregnant women, women in the first trimester, second and third trimester, respectively. The mean±SEM iron levels were significantly higher among pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women (p=0.004). There was no significant difference in the mean±SEM of plasma ferritin, transferrin and TIBC concentrations between pregnant and non-pregnant women (p>0.05). Nevertheless, the mean±SEM plasma iron, ferritin, and UIBC significantly differed across the gestational ages of pregnant women (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study revealed a high prevalence of ID during pregnancy, which increases with the trimester of affected women. Healthcare interventional measures that can address ID are recommended.

scholarly journals Outcome of instrumental vaginal delivery in university of Abuja teaching hospital: a five-year review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 2390
Author(s):  
Caroline T. Henderson Jumbo ◽  
Malachy E. Ayogu ◽  
Habiba I. Abdullahi
Keyword(s):  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Maternal Complications ◽  
Apgar Scores ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The University

Background: Most women will achieve spontaneous vaginal delivery; however, a few will need assistance in form of Instrumental vaginal delivery (IVD). These are employed to shorten the second stage on labour and to minimize the incidence of cesarean section. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and outcomes of instrumental vaginal delivery at the University of Abuja teaching hospital.Methods: This was a retrospective study of women who had instrumental vaginal delivery over a 5-year period at the University of Abuja teaching hospital. Data on socio-demographic variables, type of instrumental delivery performed, Apgar scores of neonates delivered, indications and complication were obtained from the labour ward registers and case notes of patients and entered into a proforma and analysed using SPSS software for Windows version 23.Results: Instrumental vaginal delivery (IVD) rate performed for both Vacuum or Forceps) was 0.99%, Forceps delivery was 0.30% and vacuum accounted for 0.69% of all deliveries. The mean maternal age was 27.53±5.5 years and 51 (54.8%) of the parturient were primigravidae, 55 (59.1%) were booked patients.  Delayed second stage of labour (38.7%) was the most common indications for IVD. Maternal complications noted were genital tract laceration 17 (18.3%) and primary post-partum haemorrhage 10 (10.8%). The mean APGAR scores was 6 and 8 in the first and fifth minutes respectively, live births were 85 (91.4%), stillbirths were 7 (7.5%) and one early neonatal death was recorded (1.1%) due to asphyxia as a result of difficult forceps delivery.Conclusions: The IVD rate at UATH is low with good maternal and fetal outcome and preference for vacuum delivery.

scholarly journals Relationship between glycated haemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose among diabetic out-patients at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel M. Musenge ◽  
Alexey Manankov ◽  
Charles Michelo ◽  
Boyd Mudenda
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
T Test ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The University

Background: Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) measurement provides an accurate result of glycaemic levels from blood drawn at any time of day without reference to prandial state. We established the relationship between HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in diabetic out-patients among diabetic outpatients in Lusaka, Zambia.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at the University Teaching Hospital diabetic clinic, Lusaka, Zambia. A total sample of 198 consenting participants was selected randomly from diabetic out-patients between September and December 2013. A structured interview schedule was used to capture data on socio-demographics and laboratory examination results. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Student’s t-test and Paired Samples t-test were used for data analysis.Results: A total of 198 patients (mean age+SD= 53.19±13.32 years) were involved in the study. Majority (60.10%) of the patients were females while 39.90 per cent were males. The mean±SD of FPG of the patients slightly increased from the previous 10.75±7.78 mmo/L to the current 11.09±6.23 mmo/L (p = 0.592). The mean±SD of HbA1c of the patients was 54.77±17.12 mmol/mol. There was a statistically significant weak and moderate positive correlation between HbA1c and the previous and current FPG (r = 0.282, P = 0.001 and (r = 0.385, p = 0.001), respectively. However, there was a statistically significant but weak negative correlation between HbA1c and age (r = -0.163, p = 0.023).Conclusion: We found evidence of an association between HbA1c and FPG proposing that as the FPG levels increase, the HbA1c levels also increase in a predictable way. There is need to sensitise more especially the major stakeholders in the management of diabetes mellitus to consider FPG as an alternative in glycaemic control monitoring in the absence of HbA1c.

Secondary Infertility in Port Harcourt: Pattern and Socio-Dermographic Relationship

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Okwudil Oranu ◽  
Gregory Ifechukwude Oyiana
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
P Value ◽  
Secondary Infertility ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Secondary Infertility is viewed as a social stigma, especially in Nigeria, due to the high premium placed on procreation. Observation suggests that this condition is on the increase in our environment. Hence, the need to determine the pattern and the relationship between the socio-demographic factors with infective causes of this condition; which will subsequently allow the tailoring of the individual investigation and subsequent treatment. Objective: To determine the prevalence and pattern as well as the relationship between the socio-demographic factors with infective causes of secondary infertility among women who attended the gynaecological clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) between January 2012 and December 2016 Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study design, based on findings from the folders, admission and outpatient registers, of infertile couples presenting at the gynaecology clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, over a five-year period (January 2012 – December 2016). Data were collected from all documented and laboratory findings. The data extracted from the case records were the socio-demographic characteristics of the patient, the duration of infertility as well as the causes. They were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: The mean age of women was 33.14±4.93 years. The prevalence of secondary infertility was 12% of all outpatient gynaecological consultation. The mean duration of secondary infertility was 3 years. The infective causes of secondary infertility [recurrent pelvic inflammatory disease(PID), sexually transmitted infections(STI), post abortal sepsis, puerperal sepsis, HIV/AIDS, mumps orchitis were commoner among the 31-40 years’ category, (45.8%), the infective causes were also commoner among women with primary level of education, (62.5%, p-value=0.001) as well as women who were self-employed (49%, p-value=0.041). Recurrent pelvic inflammatory disease was identified in majority of cases (37.1%). Abnormal semen analysis, hyper-prolactinaemia and uterine fibroid, also contributed significantly to infertility; 18.5%, 19.7% and 24.3% respectively. Conclusion:  Infective causes are at the root cause of secondary infertility; the more educated the couple, the higher their socioeconomic status, the lesser the impact of infection on secondary infertility.

Learning Styles of Selected Education Students of the University of Northern Philippines

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose P. Pichay
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Education ◽  
Learning Styles ◽  
Learning Style ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Correlational Design ◽  
Fundamental Goal ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level ◽  
Keywords Education ◽  
The University

The attainment of quality education has become a fundamental goal of all institutions of learning. Hence, research is instrumental in addressing problems that can hinder its realization. The study aimed to analyze the learning styles of education students of the University of Northern Philippines. It particularly gave premium to the factors that may have a bearing on the choice of students learning styles. One hundred eight students were randomly sampled from both Bachelor of Secondary Education and Bachelor of Elementary Education. A descriptive correlation research, the study was made use of Kolb’s Learning Styles Checklist. Results revealed that most of the respondents learning style are assimilating, and the least is accommodating. The results are supported by the mean scores equivalent to 43 and 13 students respectively. Further 30 of them are diverging while 22 are converging. It can be posited that most respondents are attracted to sound theories than approaches based on practical value logically. They considered themselves important for effectiveness in information and science career. It was also found out that the course is significantly related to the students’ preference for learning the style. It is recommended that teachers should give the high level of tolerance in the preferences of student learning a style and be more flexible and innovative in diversifying the use of strategies that will address the diversity of styles. Keywords - Education, students’ learning styles, descriptive and correlational design, Philippines

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