Longitudinal epidemiological studies to clarify the difference in effectiveness of countermeasures against influenza in different age groups

Impact ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 82-84
Author(s):  
Mitsuo Uchida
2021 ◽  
Vol 11-12 (221-222) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Shyryn Kenzhebekova ◽  
◽  
Sauirbay Sakhanov ◽  
Dulat Turebaev ◽  
Gauhar Nurtazinova ◽  
...  

Nonspecific ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease of an immune nature with frequent localization in the large intestine. A pattern is noted that in the northern and western continents they suffer more often than in Asia. To identify risk factors in a population, epidemiological studies must firstly assess the incidence of disease. Aim. To study the trends of nonspecific ulcerative colitis (NUC) incidence in Kazakhstan. Material and methods. The research material was compiled summary reporting form number 12 of the Ministries and the Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan on new cases of nonspecific ulcerative colitis (ICD-10 – K51), established for the first time. A retrospective study was used as the main method for studying the incidence of NUC. According to generally accepted methods of biomedical statistics, extensive, intensive and equalized indicators of the incidence of NUC were calculated. Results and discussion. For 2013-2018 14,079 new cases of NUC were registered in the republic, of which 15 were in children – 15.3%, teenagers – 4.8% and adults – 79.8%. The average annual incidence rate of NUC in the entire population of Kazakhstan was 13.5±2.10/0000 (95% CI=9.4-17.50/0000), and for population groups having been studied was: in children – 7.2±2.10/0000 (95%CI=3.8-12.00/0000), among teenagers – 18.7±5.00/0000 (95% CI=9.0-28.50/0000) and the adult population 15.4±1.90/0000 (95% CI=11.8-19.10/0000). The difference in morbidity between groups was statistically significant. Disease tended to decrease in all age groups: in the adult population (Т=−12.3%), children (Т=−43.7%) and in adolescents (T=-50.1%). Conclusion. According to the dynamics, NUC incidence in Kazakhstan has a decreased tendency due to the child and adolescent population. The results obtained are recommended to be taken into account by health authorities when making managerial decisions. Keywords: nonspecific ulcerative colitis, morbidity, trends, Kazakhstan.


2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-311
Author(s):  
José David Moreno ◽  
José A. León ◽  
Lorena A. M. Arnal ◽  
Juan Botella

Abstract. We report the results of a meta-analysis of 22 experiments comparing the eye movement data obtained from young ( Mage = 21 years) and old ( Mage = 73 years) readers. The data included six eye movement measures (mean gaze duration, mean fixation duration, total sentence reading time, mean number of fixations, mean number of regressions, and mean length of progressive saccade eye movements). Estimates were obtained of the typified mean difference, d, between the age groups in all six measures. The results showed positive combined effect size estimates in favor of the young adult group (between 0.54 and 3.66 in all measures), although the difference for the mean number of fixations was not significant. Young adults make in a systematic way, shorter gazes, fewer regressions, and shorter saccadic movements during reading than older adults, and they also read faster. The meta-analysis results confirm statistically the most common patterns observed in previous research; therefore, eye movements seem to be a useful tool to measure behavioral changes due to the aging process. Moreover, these results do not allow us to discard either of the two main hypotheses assessed for explaining the observed aging effects, namely neural degenerative problems and the adoption of compensatory strategies.


2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Rehbein ◽  
Dirk Baier

In recent years, a variety of epidemiological studies have provided empirical data on the prevalence of video game addiction (GA) in different age groups. However, few studies investigated the causes of GA and could explain why video game playing as a widespread phenomenon leads to a comparatively small percentage of addicted players. Additionally, the existing longitudinal studies mainly consider psychological trait variables and neglect the possible explanatory value of predictors in socialization regarding media availability, media use, and family and everyday school life. In this paper, the results of a two-wave longitudinal study comprising a sample of students from Grades 4 to 9 (N = 406) are presented. The data show that 15-year-old video game addicts had already exhibited a number of specific risk factors at the age of 10. Students from single-parent families seem to be particularly at risk, as are students with low experienced school well-being and with a weaker social integration in class. The data also indicate that problematic use of video games in childhood increases the risk of GA in adolescence. Male students are especially vulnerable for developing GA. The results of this study are an important contribution to understanding risk factors for GA in adolescents, thereby laying the groundwork for effective prevention measures.


Author(s):  
Daniel Stark ◽  
Stefania Di Gangi ◽  
Caio Victor Sousa ◽  
Pantelis Nikolaidis ◽  
Beat Knechtle

Though there are exhaustive data about participation, performance trends, and sex differences in performance in different running disciplines and races, no study has analyzed these trends in stair climbing and tower running. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate these trends in tower running. The data, consisting of 28,203 observations from 24,007 climbers between 2014 and 2019, were analyzed. The effects of sex and age, together with the tower characteristics (i.e., stairs and floors), were examined through a multivariable statistical model with random effects on intercept, at climber’s level, accounting for repeated measurements. Men were faster than women in each age group (p < 0.001 for ages ≤69 years, p = 0.003 for ages > 69 years), and the difference in performance stayed around 0.20 km/h, with a minimum of 0.17 at the oldest age. However, women were able to outperform men in specific situations: (i) in smaller buildings (<600 stairs), for ages between 30 and 59 years and >69 years; (ii) in higher buildings (>2200 stairs), for age groups <20 years and 60–69 years; and (iii) in buildings with 1600–2200 stairs, for ages >69 years. In summary, men were faster than women in this specific running discipline; however, women were able to outperform men in very specific situations (i.e., specific age groups and specific numbers of stairs).


2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110233
Author(s):  
Marcelina Sobczak ◽  
Magdalena Asejczyk ◽  
Malwina Geniusz

Objectives: The main goal of this research was to determine the differences between the values of intraocular pressure (IOP) in the supine and sitting positions, and to assess the effect of age and cardiovascular parameters. Methods: Seventy-two healthy adults were enrolled and classified into age groups: 20–30 years (group A), 31–40 years (group B), and 41–71 years (group C). Corneal biometry and cardiovascular parameters, such as heart rate (HR), were measured. IOP measurements were taken in the sitting position (IOPS) and in the supine position (IOPL) using the iCare® Pro tonometer. Results: A significant difference between the IOPS and IOPL in the entire cohort was found ( p < 0.001). Regarding the age subgroups, a significant difference ( p < 0.001) between the IOPS and IOPL was obtained in group A (2.6 ± 1.6 mmHg) and group C (1.5 ± 1.3 mmHg). There were no significant differences in the IOPS between groups. The highest IOP values were obtained for group A. The correlations between HR and IOPS are statistically significant for group A and group B, and for HR and IOPL-S for group B only. Multivariate analysis showed that HR has a significant influence on the difference in IOP in the two body positions. Conclusion: A statistically significant difference between the effect of age and the values of IOPS and IOPL was shown. Cardiovascular parameters showed some relevant statistical dependencies, but with a rather marginal significance in young people. The influence of body position for the measurement of IOP for healthy subjects does not seem to matter, despite the fact that there are some dependencies that are statistically significant.


Author(s):  
Tongmei Duan ◽  
Xun Chen ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Ronghai Li ◽  
Huijuan Guo ◽  
...  

Objective: Carbohydrate antigen 72-4 (CA72-4) is widely used in the diagnosis and monitoring of many cancers. However, there are few studies on the differences of CA72-4 levels in terms of age and gender. Methods: 10957 healthy subjects were divided into two groups according to gender and three age groups. The serum CA72-4 were detected. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS. Results: The CA72-4 level in female group was significantly higher than that in male group. The level of CA72-4 gradually decreased with age. Compared with the age >60 group, the CA72-4 levels were increased in the age 46-60 group and 16-45 group (P >0.05, respectively). To better observe the age difference, the age 16-45 and 46–60 group were combined into the age 16-60 group. In comparison to the age >60 group, the CA72-4 level of age 16-60 group was significantly increased (P =0.000). In the age >60 group, there was no difference between genders. Nevertheless, the difference between the sexes in the age 16-60 group was significant (P =0.023). Conclusions: The reference interval of CA72-4 for local healthy population was established. CA72-4 levels gradually decreased with the increase of age, and CA72-4 level in females aged 16-60 years (0-18.0 U/mL) was higher than in males (0-14.5 U/mL), however there was no gender difference in the age group above 60 years old (0-14.5 U/mL). Moreover, male CA72-4 was no significant difference among all age groups, while the potential mechanism of female changes with age needed further study.


Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 619
Author(s):  
Lirong Cao ◽  
Shi Zhao ◽  
Jingzhi Lou ◽  
Hong Zheng ◽  
Renee W. Y. Chan ◽  
...  

Assessment of influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) and identification of relevant influencing factors are the current priorities for optimizing vaccines to reduce the impacts of influenza. To date, how the difference between epidemic strains and vaccine strains at genetic scale affects age-specific vaccine performance remains ambiguous. This study investigated the association between genetic mismatch on hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes and A(H1N1)pdm09 VE in different age groups with a novel computational approach. We found significant linear relationships between VE and genetic mismatch in children, young adults, and middle-aged adults. In the children’s group, each 3-key amino acid mutation was associated with an average of 10% decrease in vaccine effectiveness in a given epidemic season, and genetic mismatch exerted no influence on VE for the elderly group. We demonstrated that present vaccines were most effective for children, while protection for the elderly was reduced and indifferent to vaccine component updates. Modeling such relationships is practical to inform timely evaluation of VE in different groups of populations during mass vaccination and may inform age-specific vaccination regimens.


2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-117
Author(s):  
Shinichi Furuya ◽  
Hidehiro Nakahara ◽  
Tomoko Aoki ◽  
Hiroshi Kinoshita

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) among Japanese female classical pianists of different age groups. The causal factors for PRMDs also were examined. A group of 203 senior pianists, including piano teachers and students with piano majors at high schools and colleges, were surveyed using questionnaires. Results showed that 77% of these pianists suffered from PRMDs in at least one of their body portions. This value was larger than those reported in Western countries. Forty-four percent of these were serious enough to warrant medical treatment, which was a lower rate than reported in Western countries. The difference in these numbers may reflect the current state of understanding of PRMDs among Japanese pianists and their educators. The prevalence of PRMDs was found to be age-dependent. In the student groups, the finger/hand had the highest rate of PRMDs, followed by the forearm and shoulder. The senior group, on the other hand, had the highest PRMD incidence at the neck/trunk, followed by the forearm and hand/finger. Care may need to be exercised for these differences. The results also indicated that prolonged daily practice (>4 hours), playing chords forcefully, eagerness about practice, and nervous traits were found to contribute to the development of PRMDs in these pianists. Hand size was, on the other hand, not a significant risk factor of PRMDs.


1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.J. Krzywanek ◽  
K. Breddin

Aggregation tests were performed in 345 patients with peripheral occlusive arterial disease (PAD), 274 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), and 502 diabetics (D). 263 healthy volunteers (N) served as controls. As in previous studies an age dependent increase of strongly enhanced spontaneous platelet aggregation in obviously healthy subjects can be demonstrated, reaching 28% in the 50-59 years’age group. In the various patient groups the incidence of enhanced aggregation is much higher throughout all age groups than in the control s.The overall incidence of missing spontaneous platelet aggregation vs. strongly enhanced aggregation is summarized below. The difference between normals and the various patient groups is significant (X2-test, α<0.0001).A prospective investigation has been started to establish whether enhanced spontaneous platelet aggregation is a risk factor and an early indicator of progressive atherosclerosis.


Author(s):  
O. V. Paina ◽  
E. V. Semenova ◽  
I. V. Markova ◽  
L. S. Zubarovskaya ◽  
B. V. Afanasyev

Acute leukemias in children aged under 1 year has different clinical manifestations as compared to patients of older age groups. The prognostic values of ALL and AML in children under 1 year are different. In ALL there are additional independent risk factors which worsen the prognosis. Clinical researches in the field of infant acute leukemia is still under develop and making a significant contribution to the understanding of the biology of leukemogenesis and therapy. The results of therapy in different research groups were comprised: POG, CCG, COG (USA), JPLSG (Japan), Interfant (BFM, researchers from New Zealand, Australia and the USA). The difference of the results led to discrepancy regarding the role of allo-HSCT in the infants treatment. In Raisa Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute of Children Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, the 10-year OS after allo-HSCT in the pediatric group with high-risk infant leukemias was 55 %, in the group of patients with restructuring of the MLL gene – 53 % versus 59 % without MLL gene. The results of allo-HSCT depended on the disease stage at the time of treatment, in I–II CR 5-year OS was 79 % (n = 35), in III–IV CR or progression –16 % (n = 20).


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document