scholarly journals Tendency Of Incidence With Nonspecific Ulcerative Colitis In Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11-12 (221-222) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Shyryn Kenzhebekova ◽  
◽  
Sauirbay Sakhanov ◽  
Dulat Turebaev ◽  
Gauhar Nurtazinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
Nonspecific Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Morbidity Trends

Nonspecific ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease of an immune nature with frequent localization in the large intestine. A pattern is noted that in the northern and western continents they suffer more often than in Asia. To identify risk factors in a population, epidemiological studies must firstly assess the incidence of disease. Aim. To study the trends of nonspecific ulcerative colitis (NUC) incidence in Kazakhstan. Material and methods. The research material was compiled summary reporting form number 12 of the Ministries and the Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan on new cases of nonspecific ulcerative colitis (ICD-10 – K51), established for the first time. A retrospective study was used as the main method for studying the incidence of NUC. According to generally accepted methods of biomedical statistics, extensive, intensive and equalized indicators of the incidence of NUC were calculated. Results and discussion. For 2013-2018 14,079 new cases of NUC were registered in the republic, of which 15 were in children – 15.3%, teenagers – 4.8% and adults – 79.8%. The average annual incidence rate of NUC in the entire population of Kazakhstan was 13.5±2.10/0000 (95% CI=9.4-17.50/0000), and for population groups having been studied was: in children – 7.2±2.10/0000 (95%CI=3.8-12.00/0000), among teenagers – 18.7±5.00/0000 (95% CI=9.0-28.50/0000) and the adult population 15.4±1.90/0000 (95% CI=11.8-19.10/0000). The difference in morbidity between groups was statistically significant. Disease tended to decrease in all age groups: in the adult population (Т=−12.3%), children (Т=−43.7%) and in adolescents (T=-50.1%). Conclusion. According to the dynamics, NUC incidence in Kazakhstan has a decreased tendency due to the child and adolescent population. The results obtained are recommended to be taken into account by health authorities when making managerial decisions. Keywords: nonspecific ulcerative colitis, morbidity, trends, Kazakhstan.

scholarly journals Crohn's disease in Kazakhstan: epidemiological aspects of incidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 11-12 (221-222) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Sauirbay Sakhanov ◽  
◽  
Dulat Turebaev ◽  
Dariyana Kulmirzaeva ◽  
Saltanat Urazova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Keywords Crohn's Disease

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract with an increasing incidence worldwide and widespread in industrialized countries, while the incidence is also increasing in Asia and the Middle East. Purpose of the study. To study the epidemiological aspects of the incidence of CD in Kazakhstan. Material and methods. The study for 2013-2018, analyzed the registration and reporting forms of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan on new cases of CD (ICD: K50) using descriptive and analytical methods of biomedical statistics. Results. During the study period, 4,671 new cases of CD were registered in Kazakhstan, of which 341 (7.9%) in children under 15 years old, 84 (2.0%) in adolescents (15-17 years old) and adults (18 years old and older) – 4,226 cases (90.9%). The incidence of CD in Kazakhstan was 4.5 per 100,000 of the total population, while in children – 1.210/0000 (95% CI=1.09-1.32), in adolescents – 2.120/0000 (95% CI=1.47-2.77) and the adult population – 5.860/0000 (95% CI=3.20-8.53). The trends in the CD incidence as a whole in the entire population had a pronounced tendency to decrease (Тde=−30.3%), a slight increase was observed only in the child population (Тin=+1.1%), and in other studied groups they decreased: in adolescents – Тde=−11.9% and in the adult population – Тde=−33.8%. Conclusion. The study has revealed some aspects of incidence in different age groups and the established trends require further study of this pathology. Keywords: Crohn's disease, incidence, trends, Kazakhstan.

Ulcerative colitis in the practice of a medical assistant

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Vsevolod Skvortsov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Rational Drug ◽  
Nonspecific Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic nonspecific inflammatory disease caused by immune disorders, mental disorders, genetics, and other factors. Its main clinical manifestations are accompanied by abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloody stools, weight loss, etc. A distinctive feature of nonspecific ulcerative colitis from Crohn's disease is its limitation by the large intestine, as well as the limited inflammation of the mucous membrane [1]. The disease affects various age groups from infants to the elderly, with a maximum incidence rate between the ages of 15 to 30 years and between 50 and 70 years. UC seriously affects human health and quality of life because of its long duration and repeated attacks, and also there is a risk of developing colorectal cancer. The disease violates the quality of life and leads to disability [2]. The article presents the causes of ulcerative colitis and describes the mechanisms for the development of pathological changes in the intestine. The principles of patient management, taking into account the severity of the disease, and the tactics of rational drug therapy are presented.

Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn Disease in Children

1987 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
Kathleen J. Motil ◽  
Richard J. Grand
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Crohn Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Growth Failure ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Once considered rare in pediatric practice, chronic inflammatory bowel disease is now recognized with increasing frequency in children. Ulceractive colitis and Crohn disease constitute the two major entities, and it is still not clear whether these are two separate entities or different portions of the spectrum of one disease. Abdominal pain, diarrhea, rectal bleeding, weight loss, and anemia are prominent findings in both ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease; however, extraintestinal manifestations may dominate the clinical findings, masquerading as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, idiopathic growth failure, or even anorexia nervosa. Often, it is not until intestinal manifestations are recognized that a correct diagnosis is made.1 EPIDEMIOLOGY OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE Since 1950, there has been an increase, in the incidence of Crohn disease, ranging from 100% to 400% in all age groups.2 In contrast, the incidence of ulcerative colitis has not changed significantly. Ulcerative colitis is diagnosed in 15% of patients before the age of 20 years, usually in adolescence. Although ulcerative colitis may occur in infancy, inflammatory disease of the colon during the first year of life is more often due to food allergy3 or infectious disease. Certain groups of children are at greater risk for the development of inflammatory bowel disease. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease occur more commonly among Northern European, Anglo-Saxon races, in urban rather than rural dwellers, and in Jewish individuals living in Europe and North America.

Trends in Dental Caries in The Netherlands

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.J. Truin ◽  
K.G. Konig ◽  
H. Kalsbeek
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Oral Health Status ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lack Of Information

Until 1985, epidemiological studies in The Netherlands were focused on school-age children. Up to that year, few caries prevalence data for (young) adults in selected groups were available. In 1986, the first National Dental Survey of the adult population was carried out in The Netherlands. Lack of information made it impossible for trends in dental caries in adults to be studied on a scientific basis. However, with use of cross-sectional studies conducted on selected adult populations between 1970 and 1989, an indication of a trend in dental caries is described. Evident changes in the age-specific average DMFT scores took place in the younger age groups. In the older age groups, the average DMFT score has not changed. Changes in percentages of edentates in the period 1980-1990 probably reflect part of the changes in oral health status of Dutch adults.

scholarly journals Prevalence of diabetes in the adult population of Novosibirsk

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Mustafina ◽  
Oksana D. Rymar ◽  
Sofiya K. Malyutina ◽  
Diana V. Denisova ◽  
Liliya V. Shcherbakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence

Aims. To estimate the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in different age groups of the adult population of Novosibirsk, according to epidemiological studies in 20032005 and 20132016. Methods. We examined a representative population sample (assessed in 20032005) of men and women aged 4569 years in two administrative districts of Novosibirsk, as a part of the international HAPIEE project. According to the tables of random numbers, representative samples of men and women aged 4569 years were formed, to which letters were sent, inviting them to pass for examination. During 20132016, a second population survey was conducted on a random representative sample of a population of 2544-year-olds of both sexes. Participants were residents of one of the districts of Novosibirsk. T2DM and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) were diagnosed using fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels (diabetes: FPG 7.0 mmol/l; IFG: FPG 6.16.9 mmol/l). Results. The prevalence of T2DM among residents aged 4569 years was 11.3%, and overall, no significant difference in prevalence was found between females and males (11.3% vs. 11.0%). However, the overall prevalence of T2DM among residents aged 2544 years was 2.2%, and prevalence was higher in men (3.5%) than in women (1.1%), p 0.05. High prevalence of IFG was found in the 4569 age group (18.2%, in 20032005), and in the younger age group of 2544 years (21.6%, in 20132016). The high rate among young individuals is particularly alarming. Less than one half (4.8 out of 11.3%) of participants aged 4569 tested positive for T2DM, and only one in the age group 2544 years knew he/she had diabetes. This indicates a lack of knowledge among Siberians about their problem with diabetes. Conclusion. Approximately one in five adults had IFG. Among the adult population aged 4569 (in 20032005), 18.2% had IFG and 11.3% had T2DM. In individuals aged 2544 years in 20132016, IFG was observed in 21.6%, and 2.2% had T2DM (p0.05).

scholarly journals Frequency of different indications for endodontic treatment among patients from Pancevo, Serbia

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Marija Tomić ◽  
Veljko Kolak
Keyword(s):  
Dental Health ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Common Indication ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Irreversible Pulpitis

Introduction: Different types of irreversible pulp diseases are the most commonly stated reasons for conducting root canal treatment. Data obtained from epidemiological studies are of great importance for a better understanding of endodontic pathology and for evaluating the need for this kind of treatment. Aim: The aim of this epidemiological study was to evaluate the structure of endodontic pathology among selected adult population of municipality of Pancevo, Serbia, indicated for endodontic treatment. Material and methods: Investigations were conducted on a sample of patients who referred for dental examination and treatment, at the Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry in Pancevo, during 2018. The study included 229 male and female subjects, aged over 18, who had at least one tooth indicated for endodontic treatment. Subjects were clinically examined by a standardized procedure, using visual and tactile inspection, percussion and palpation tests, periodontal evaluation and pulp vitality tests. Panoramic and retroalveolar radiographs were also analyzed. Data were statistically analyzed using Chi-Square test. Results: Endodontic treatment was indicated on 322 teeth from total number of 4911 (6.6%). Largest frequency of teeth indicated for treatment was recorded among subjects aged over 60 years (7.5%) and on frontal teeth (36.6%). The most commonly registered indications were asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis (32.3%) and symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (19.9%). Irreversible pulpitis was the most common indication for endodontic treatment between all age groups of subjects, between both genders and between all three teeth functional groups (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Percentage of teeth indicated for endodontic treatment was higher than presented in other studies. Irreversible pulpitis was the most common indication for endodontic treatment. After conducting the study, it is clear that dental care and caries preventive programs should be strengthened and expanded, especially among people with less education and awareness regarding dental health.

scholarly journals Youth unemployment in the regions as the most important socio-economic problem

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 57-75
Author(s):  
Ludmila G. Batrakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
Youth Policy ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Definition Of

Currently, one of the most important socio-economic problems in the world is youth unemployment. Many scientists are engaged in the analysis of this problem, it is considered in the UN Development Programs, the last of which noted that today the world is home to the largest number of young people in the history of mankind. An important issue is the definition of the essential characteristics of the concept of “youth”, since at present there is no single international definition of the age group of young people. For statistical purposes, the age limits for young people are set by the UN Convention and are 15–24 years old. In Russia, before the adoption of the Federal Law “On Youth Policy in the Russian Federation” in 2020, the population aged from 16 to 30 years was considered young, and after the adoption of the Law – from 14 to 35 years. Rosstat annually analyzes the age groups of the population by various parameters: number, education, employment, unemployment, etc., and also calculates indicators, including the level of youth unemployment, the ratio of the level of youth unemployment to the level of unemployment among the adult population. An important aspect of the analysis is the regional level. In many regions of Russia, the situation on the labor market due to the coronavirus pandemic is characterized by instability. It is noted that at the end of 2020, the unemployment rate increased in 82 regions and the highest rates in Ingushetia, the Chechen Republic, and the Republic of Tyva. The problem of modern society is a large proportion of young people who do not study and do not work. Young people have great potential, but despite this, they are experiencing difficulties in finding employment, as a result, the number of NEET youth who are exposed to social exclusion and poverty is growing. The European program “Youth in Action” addresses the problems of young people through the interaction of labor markets and educational services. An important factor that reduces youth unemployment is education.

scholarly journals Mortality by marital status in the Republic of Serbia

2018 ◽  
pp. 597-606
Author(s):  
Ivan Marinkovic ◽  
Biljana Radivojevic
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Population Mortality ◽  
The Impact

Mortality among married is lower than in those out of wedlock. Studies in European countries show that the difference in mortality between those who are married and those unmarried is increased regardless of sex. The main objective of the analysis in this paper is to show the impact of marriage on the mortality of the population, as well as the difference in the life expectancy of men and women in Serbia, by marriage status. Is there a protective effect of marriage? That is, can we confirm the hypothesis of higher importance of marriage status, when it comes to mortality of the men, and can we determine whether there are strong links between mortality and various modalities of marriage in the female population? Mortality trends for married and unmarried individuals were analyzed between the years 1981 and 2011, for both male and female population by five-year age groups. The scope of the analysis is the territory of Central Serbia and Vojvodina. This aspect of mortality is not sufficiently addressed in national research, which is why it is expected that the results of the conducted research can contribute to a deeper understanding of the factors affecting the mortality of the population in Serbia.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COMMUTER CYCLING PREVALENCE IN POLAND AND SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Piątkowska ◽  
Elżbieta Biernat
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Republic

The study aims to analyses the prevalence of the Polish adult population in cycling in terms of their socio-demographic characteristics. This can make an important contribution to the dissemination of this environmentally, socially and economically sustainable form of physical activity, and in building national recommendations. The study was based on the representative data from the Ministry of Sport and Tourism of the Republic of Poland from five large-scale surveys in years 2014-2018. The sample comprised 7,347 Poles aged 15-69. In each survey long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used. The independence tests and non-parametric test were applied to search for statistically significant difference between the studied variables. In order to capture relationships between commuter cycling prevalence and a set of explanatory variables, a predictive model was built. The prevalence of the Polish adult population in commuting by bicycle systematically increases (in 2014 ̶ 16.3%; in 2015 ̶ 17.4%; in 2016 – 21.5%; in 2017 ̶ 19.9%; in 2018 ̶ 29.8%). The average energy expenditure of this effort is also increasing. Poles most often cycle 1-3 times a week (17.7% once a week; 23% ̶ twice a week; 18.2% ̶ 3 times a week). There are no statistical differences in this regard, neither by the number of cycling days nor by the gender. Hierarchically, the most important factor in determining whether someone does or does not commute by bike, is age. People who are the most probable to cycle are those aged 15-29 (30%), and among them, people living in villages (35%), with primary education (42.6%). In the 30-59 age group, 20.6% are active. They are usually from the countryside (24.3%), mostly women (27%). Among people aged 60 or more, 14.2% cycle. Most often they are men (17.3%). National recommendations should be developed for individual age groups. Educational and motivational programs (scope depending on age), practical classes increasing the self-confidence of bicycle traffic participants and activities improving the bicycle infrastructure (including the implementation of intermodal transport) are necessary.

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