Co-production of permafrost degradation impact assessment for permafrost environmental utilization and conservation

Impact ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (6) ◽  
pp. 29-31
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Iijima
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Associate Professor ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Permafrost Region ◽  
Permafrost Degradation ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Regions Of Russia ◽  
Permafrost Regions

Permafrost plays a hugely significant role in sustaining the global climate for many reasons. As it thaws, gases (usually methane and carbon dioxide) that have lain trapped underneath the ice for millennia are released. These gases then enter the atmosphere and accelerate global warming which leads to more permafrost degradation and it eventually becomes a problem which exacerbates itself. In recent times, the warming and thawing of the surface layer of the permafrost region in northeastern Eurasia has caused serious impacts on the living environment of local residents. In many ways, the thawing of permafrost can be seen as a new natural disaster and, as such, it requires understanding from local populations to put measures in place to mitigate the effects. Associate Professor Yoshihiro Iijima is part of a international team of researchers investigating the effects of climate change on the permafrost regions of Russia and Mongolia. The findings could help local populations introduce conservation activities to their societies

Attributing the global increase in permafrost temperatures to human induced climate change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Gudmundsson ◽  
Josefine Kirchner ◽  
Anne Gädeke ◽  
Eleanor Burke ◽  
Boris K. Biskaborn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Anthropogenic Climate Change ◽  
Permafrost Degradation ◽  
Climate Feedbacks ◽  
Permafrost Temperature

<p>Permafrost temperatures are increasing at the global scale, resulting in permafrost degradation. Besides substantial impacts on Arctic and Alpine hydrology and the stability of landscapes and infrastructure, permafrost degradation can trigger a large-scale release of carbon to the atmosphere with possible global climate feedbacks. Although increasing global air temperature is unanimously linked to human emissions into the atmosphere, the attribution of observed permafrost warming to anthropogenic climate change has so far mostly relied on anecdotal evidence. Here we apply a climate change detection and attribution approach to long permafrost temperature records from 15 boreholes located in the northern Hemisphere and simulated soil temperatures obtained from global climate models contributing to the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). We show that observed and simulated trends in permafrost temperature are only consistent if the effect of human emissions on the climate system is considered in the simulations. Moreover, the analysis also reveals that neither simulated pre-industrial climate variability nor the effects natural drivers of climate change (e.g. impacts of large volcanic eruptions) suffice to explain the observed trends. While these results are most significant for a global mean assessment, our analysis also reveals that simulated effects of anthropogenic climate change on permafrost temperature are also consistent with the observed record at the station scale. In summary, the quantitative combination of observed and simulated evidence supports the conclusion that anthropogenic climate change is the key driver of increasing permafrost temperatures with implications for carbon cycle-climate feedbacks at the planetary scale.</p>

scholarly journals Thermal Stability Analysis under Embankment with Asphalt Pavement and Cement Pavement in Permafrost Regions

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Junwei ◽  
Li Jinping ◽  
Quan Xiaojuan
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Field ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Permafrost Region ◽  
Concrete Pavements ◽  
Permafrost Degradation ◽  
Thermal Stabilities ◽  
Ground Temperatures ◽  
Permafrost Regions

The permafrost degradation is the fundamental cause generating embankment diseases and pavement diseases in permafrost region while the permafrost degradation is related with temperature. Based on the field monitoring results of ground temperature along G214 Highway in high temperature permafrost regions, both the ground temperatures in superficial layer and the annual average temperatures under the embankment were discussed, respectively, for concrete pavements and asphalt pavements. The maximum depth of temperature field under the embankment for concrete pavements and asphalt pavements was also studied by using the finite element method. The results of numerical analysis indicate that there were remarkable seasonal differences of the ground temperatures in superficial layer between asphalt pavement and concrete pavement. The maximum influencing depth of temperature field under the permafrost embankment for every pavement was under the depth of 8 m. The thawed cores under both embankments have close relation with the maximum thawed depth, the embankment height, and the service time. The effective measurements will be proposed to keep the thermal stabilities of highway embankment by the results.

scholarly journals About risks of Arctic infrastructure at permafrost degradation (Сomment on the article)

2019 ◽  
pp. 113-114
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Permafrost Degradation ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Research Article ◽  
World’S Scientific Community

Groups of well-known scientists (Jan Hjort et al.), whose research interests lie in the field of current permafrost changes, have published a research article on risks of permafrost degradation to Arctic infrastructure by the middle of the 21st century. This is an important topic discussed in the world's scientific community, with researchers from different countries warning about the upcoming threats. Such predictions are based on the investigations of global climate change effects on permafrost by T.E. Osterkamp, O.A. Anisimov, and V.E. Romanovsky et al.

scholarly journals Impacts of Groundwater Flow on Evolution of a Thermokarst Lake in the Permafrost Region on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Jinlong Li ◽  
Xianmin Ke ◽  
Kai Chen ◽  
Zeyong Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Permafrost Region ◽  
Permafrost Degradation ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Lake Bottom ◽  
Explicit Consideration ◽  
Thawing Process ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau ◽  
Permafrost Regions

Thermokarst lakes and permafrost degradation in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) resulting from global warming have been considerably affected the local hydrological and ecological process in recent decades. Simulation with coupled moisture-heat models that follows talik formation in the Beiluhe Basin (BLB) in the hinterland of permafrost regions on the QTP provides insight into the interaction between groundwater flow and freezing-thawing process. A total of 30 modified SUTRA schemes have been established to examine the effect of hydrodynamic forces, permeability and climate. The simulated results show that the hydrodynamic conditions impact the permafrost degradation surrounding the lake, thereby further affecting groundwater flow and late-stage freezing-thawing process. The thickness of the active layer varies with time and location under different permeability conditions, which significantly influences the occurrence of a breakthrough of the lake bottom. Warmer climate accelerates thawing and decreases the required time of formation of the breakthrough zone. Overall, these results indicate that explicit consideration of hydrologic process is critical to improve the understanding of environmental and ecological changes in cold regions.

scholarly journals Global climate change: wild fires and permafrost degradation in the Republic of Buryatia (Eastern Siberia, Russia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 012017
Author(s):  
Nimazhap Badmaev ◽  
Aleksandr Bazarov ◽  
Anatoly Kulikov ◽  
Ayur Gyninova ◽  
Darima Sympilova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Permafrost Degradation ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Wild Fires ◽  
The Republic

Remedying embankment thaw settlement in a warm permafrost region with thermosyphons and crushed rock revetment

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1005-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Ma ◽  
Zhi Wen ◽  
Yu Sheng ◽  
Qingbai Wu ◽  
Dayan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crushed Rock ◽  
Permafrost Region ◽  
Permafrost Degradation ◽  
Remedial Measures ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Permafrost Warming ◽  
Railway System ◽  
Thaw Settlement ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Permafrost Regions

Due to the special engineering geology characteristics of permafrost, construction in permafrost regions tends to result in serious permafrost-related engineering problems. Thaw settlement induced by permafrost degradation is the principal challenge for railway construction on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. It threatens the stability and safety of the railway system, especially in warm and ice-rich permafrost regions. Thaw settlement in section DK1139+780 along the Qinghai-Tibetan railway is a potential risk to the safety of the railway, and a combination of closed thermosyphons and crushed rock revetment was used to remedy permafrost warming and thaw settlement of the embankment. Based on ground temperatures and embankment deformations observed at this site since 2002, the effects of the remedial measures were evaluated. The results show that the remedial measures lowered the ground temperature and raised the permafrost table. The crushed rock slope protection acted as an insulation layer and reduced heat flux into the embankment. The thermosyphons lowered the permafrost temperature and had a good cooling effect on the underlying permafrost. The results show that the remedial measures using two-phase thermosyphons and crushed rock revetment decreased the settlement of the embankment and improved the stability of the railway system.

Status, Changes and Impacts of Permafrost on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Zhao ◽  
Guojie Hu ◽  
Defu Zou ◽  
Ren Li ◽  
Yu Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Active Layer ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Active Layer Thickness ◽  
Permafrost Region ◽  
Permafrost Degradation ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

<p>Due to the climate warming, permafrost on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) was degradating in the past decades. Since its impacts on East Asian monsoon, and even on the global climate system, it is fundamental to reveal permafrost status, changes and its physical processes. Based on previous research results and new observation data, this paper reviews the characteristics of the status of permafrost on the QTP, including the active layer thickness (ALT), the spatial distribution of permafrost, permafrost temperature and thickness, as well as the ground ice and soil carbon storage in permafrost region.</p><p>The results showed that the permafrost and seasonally frozen ground area (excluding glaciers and lakes) is 1.06 million square kilometters and 1.45 million square kilometters on the QTP. The permafrost thickness varies greatly among topography, with the maximum value in mountainous areas, which could be deeper than 200 m, while the minimum value in the flat areas and mountain valleys, which could be less than 60 m. The mean value of active layer thickness is about 2.3 m. Soil temperature at 0~10 cm, 10~40 cm, 40~100 cm, 100~200 cm increased at a rate of 0.439, 0.449, 0.396, and 0.259°C/10a, respectively, from 1980 to 2015. The increasing rate of the soil temperature at the bottom of active layer was 0.486 oC/10a from 2004 to 2018.</p><p>The volume of ground ice contained in permafrost on QTP is estimated up to 1.27×10<sup>4</sup> km<sup>3</sup> (liquid water equivalent). The soil organic carbon staored in the upper 2 m of soils within the permafrost region is about 17 Pg. Most of the research results showed that the permafrost ecosystem is still a carbon sink at the present, but it might be shifted to a carbon source due to the loss of soil organic carbon along with permafrost degradation.</p><p>Overall, the plateau permafrost has undergone remarkable degradation during past decades, which are clearly proven by the increasing ALTs and ground temperature. Most of the permafrost on the QTP belongs to the unstable permafrost, meaning that permafrost over TPQ is very sensitive to climate warming. The permafrost interacts closely with water, soil, greenhouse gases emission and biosphere. Therefore, the permafrost degradation greatly affects the regional hydrology, ecology and even the global climate system.</p>

Rapid thermokarst evolution during the mid-Holocene in Central Yakutia, Russia

The Holocene ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1899-1913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Ulrich ◽  
Sebastian Wetterich ◽  
Natalia Rudaya ◽  
Larisa Frolova ◽  
Johannes Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Sedimentation Rates ◽  
Permafrost Degradation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Landform Evolution ◽  
Thermokarst Lake ◽  
Core Profile ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Permafrost Regions

The reconstruction of Holocene thermokarst landform evolution is important to understand the potential impact of current global climate change on permafrost regions. A multi-proxy approach was applied to analyse the sedimentological and biogeochemical characteristics as well as pollen and lacustrine microfossils of a core profile drilled in a small pingo within a large Central Yakutian thermokarst basin (alas). Age–depth modelling with macrofossil 14C ages reveals high thermokarst deposit sedimentation rates and a complete thermokarst sequence spanning about 900 years during the mid-Holocene between ~6750 and 5870 cal. yr BP. In total, three stages of thermokarst landscape evolution have been identified. Thermokarst processes were initiated at ⩽6750 to 6500 cal. yr BP. Terrestrial conditions changed quickly to lacustrine conditions, and a thermokarst lake rapidly emerged and grew to an estimated size of 120–600 m diameter and 7.5–15 m depth during only ~150 years between ~6500 and 6350 cal. yr BP. The decline of thermokarst processes and lake decrease may have been affected by local hydrological conditions between ~6350 and 5870 cal. yr BP but ceased completely after 5870 cal. yr BP, likely due to climatic changes. Clear evidence for long-lasting and stable lacustrine conditions was not obtained. The study emphasises that short-term warming led to very active permafrost degradation and rapid but locally variable modification of alas and thermokarst evolution.

scholarly journals COP Paris is an incomplete agreement [1], we need a complete agreement, that will probably is COP Hanoi

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complete Agreement ◽  
The Political ◽  
International Meeting ◽  
To Come ◽  
Near Future

We need a complete agreement to implement the fight against global climate change as quickly and efficiently as possible, and Nguyen Dan, a Vietnamese citizen, announced the successful research, it’s the project “overcoming the greenhouse effect to combat global climate change, protecting the living environment” [2-6]. This new method can be seen the Vietnamese method [4, 5]. Thus an international meeting in Hanoi to discuss the work that COP Paris has not completed is probably understandable. On the other hand, the Vietnamese people are very friendly and hospitable, the political and social environment in Vietnam is very secure, Hanoi has organized many successful international meetings. From here in this article I will call COP Hanoi temporarily to mention this necessary meeting in the near future to come to a complete agreement.

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