Nutrient uptake of a mixed oak/beech forest in Flanders (Belgium)

A 72-year-old mixed oak/beech stand has been studied on the element (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) content in its woody biomass, in the wood increment and in the litter fall. Crown leaching and nutrient uptake have been calculated respectively according to Ulrich (1983) and to Cole & Rapp (1981). Eight oaks and six beeches have been sampled, regression equations between the tree element content and the stem volume have been calculated in order to scale up from the tree to the stand level. The annual amount of elements taken up is 70 kg N, 4,9 kg P, 69,3 kg K, 43 kg Ca and 6,1 kg Mg per ha. For K, Ca and Mg a large part of the nutrient uptake is due to crown leaching. The amount of N and P in the litter fall constituted the largest part of the uptake of N and P. For the elements K, Ca and Mg, crown leaching is very important in the nutrient cycling: crown leaching amounts respectively 63%, 21% and 43% of the annual return of these elements from the canopy to the forest floor.

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Amounts of throughfall and lysimetric water in a sub-mountain beech forest in the Kremnické vrchy Mts. (West Carpathian Mts., Slovakia)

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/11/2008-jfs ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 54 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 207-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. Janík ◽

J. Pichler

Keyword(s):

Beech Forest ◽

Soil Horizons ◽

Average Amount ◽

Experimental Site ◽

The West ◽

Lysimetric Water ◽

Clear Cut ◽

Beech Stand ◽

Soil Percolation ◽

Soil Lysimeters

The paper deals with throughfall and soil percolation in a sub-mountain beech forest situated at the Ecological Experimental Site (EES) Kremnické vrchy Mts. (the West Carpathian Mts., Slovakia). The research was conducted in 1988–2008. The throughfall was sampled at regular periods, both from the open plot (clear-cut) and from the plot with complete stocking, covered with a mature beech stand. The soil percolation was evaluated with soil lysimeters. In 1989 and 2004, the plots were treated with cutting – with the aim to reduce the current stocking. The average amount of throughfall was 772.2 mm in the open plot and 616.3 mm in the control. The amount of soil percolation decreased with increasing depth: from 398.9 mm to 103.8 mm in the control and from 488.8 mm (surface) through 169.9 mm (10 cm) to 188.8 mm (25 cm) in the open plot. The differences between the plots were statistically highly significant. No significant differences were found between the soil horizons.

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Spruce monoculture establishment affects functional traits of soil microarthropod communities

Biologia ◽

10.2478/s11756-013-0168-4 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 68 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jitka Farská ◽

Kristýna Prejzková ◽

Josef Rusek

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Functional Traits ◽

Trophic Structure ◽

Soil Fauna ◽

Beech Forest ◽

Functional Approach ◽

Beech Stand ◽

Response To Environmental Change ◽

Soil Microarthropod ◽

South Bohemia

AbstractStructure and density of soil microarthropod communities (Oribatida and Collembola) were studied in one natural beech forest and one spruce monoculture planted on a former beech stand in South Bohemia (Czech Republic). The spruce monoculture establishment increased microarthropod densities (93,000 ind. m−2 in the natural beech forest vs. 400,540 ind. m−2 in the spruce monoculture for Oribatida; 66,360 ind. m−2 in the natural beech forest vs. 136,360 ind. m−2 in the spruce monoculture for Collembola); additionally, it changed greatly the community structure in terms of species composition and functional traits. In the spruce monoculture, groups susceptible to disturbance were suppressed. The oribatid trophic structure changed as well with opportunistic herbifungivorous species increasing in the monoculture at the expense of fungivorous species. Similarly, hemiedaphic collembolans increased in the monoculture at the expense of euedaphic species. We conclude that the “functional approach” seems to be fruitful in revealing soil fauna response to environmental change.

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The effects of Douglas fir monoculture on stand characteristics in a zone of Montane beech forest

Archives of Biological Sciences ◽

10.2298/abs150911032k ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 68 (4) ◽

pp. 753-766 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Olga Kostic ◽

Snezana Jaric ◽

Gordana Gajic ◽

Dragana Pavlovic ◽

Milica Markovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Floristic Composition ◽

Beech Forest ◽

Douglas Fir ◽

Ecological Stability ◽

Slowing Down ◽

Beech Stand ◽

Biodiversity Changes ◽

The Right ◽

Physical And Chemical

The right choice of tree species to form forest cultures is of paramount importance to the preservation of the diversity, fertility and ecological stability of forest ecosystems. To that end, we examined the effect of a 40-year-long cultivation of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb) Franco) on the floristic composition, characteristics of the forest floor, physical and chemical properties of the soil and the intensity of organic matter decomposition in a beech forest in western Serbia (Mt. Maljen). It was found that the cultivation of Douglas fir caused a reduction in biodiversity, changes in the chemical properties of the soil, that were most pronounced in the surface layers (0-10 cm), and a slowing down in the metabolism of the beech stand. The absence of many plant species characteristic to natural beech forests was observed in the Douglas fir plantation, these were reflected in the detected changes in the chemical properties of the soil, such as lower substitutional acidity (p<0.05), depletion of the adsorption of basis in the cation complex (p<0.001) and lower amounts of C, N, P (p<0.001) and K (p<0.01) in relation to the beech stand (control). No differences were found in soil moisture and active acidity levels. The higher value of the C/N ratio of the Douglas fir litter (p<0.001) provided proof for its lower decomposition rate compared to beech litter (p<0.05). Over time, all these changes could lead to further acidification and degradation of the soil and a reduction in this ecosystem?s productivity.

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Competitive responses of loblolly pine to gradients in loblolly pine, sweetgum, and broomsedge densities

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x93-256 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 23 (10) ◽

pp. 2049-2058 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

M. A. Perry ◽

R. J. Mitchell ◽

B. R. Zutter ◽

G. R. Glover ◽

D. H. Gjerstad

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Loblolly Pine ◽

Intraspecific Competition ◽

Polynomial Regression ◽

Stem Volume ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Competitive Response ◽

Crown Area ◽

Seedling Size ◽

Volume Response

A factorial combination of 0, 1, 2, and 4 loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) seedlings and sweetgum (Liquidambarstyraciflua L.) sprouts, and 0, 4, and 16 broomsedge (Andropogonvirginicus L.) seedlings per square metre were used to determine the nature of pine response to competition (competitive response) from multiple life forms during the first season after outplanting. Following adjustment for effects of seedling size and site heterogeneity (soil organic matter), polynomial regression was used to describe pine competitive responses. Patterns in competitive responses varied with time and were dependent upon the particular response variable of interest. Pine response in terms of volume was similar to that for diameter. By early May, pine diameter decreased linearly with increasing sweetgum density but was unrelated to either broomsedge or pine density. Approximately 1 month later, pine diameter response to competition was more complex, being curvilinearly related to both sweetgum and broomsedge density, as well as their interaction. Intraspecific competition effects on diameter response were not detected until mid-September. Height response differed substantively from diameter or volume response. In general, height tended to be less responsive to interspecific competition, although intraspecific competition was more readily detected. Furthermore, pine height response to competition tended to be linear rather than curvilinear, as observed for both diameter and volume. The biologically based reciprocal yield equation produced similar trends in competitive pine volume response, as noted with the polynomial regression equations (i.e., sweetgum and broomsedge density as well as their interaction strongly influenced the inverse of pine stem volume). Removing variation in organic matter and initial seedling size resulted in a considerable increase in the amount of variation in final size accounted for by competition. The reciprocal yield equation was also used with crown area rather than density to account for size differences among competitors. Analyzed in this manner, only main effects of sweetgum and broomsedge significantly influenced reciprocal yield; however, considerably less variation in response was accounted for using crown area than using density.

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Spatial structure of forest stands Fageta paupera humilia in natural monument Máchova dolina

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun201058010175 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 175-184

Author(s):

Jiří Schneider ◽

Kateřina Rebrošová

Keyword(s):

Dead Wood ◽

Stand Structure ◽

Beech Forest ◽

Average Height ◽

Site Conditions ◽

Natural Forests ◽

Forest Stands ◽

Vegetation Height ◽

Beech Stand ◽

Natural Monument

Natural Monument “Máchova dolina” represents a unique sample of dwarfed acidic beech forests in Chřiby hills (Buček, Lacina; 2002). It comprises more than 180 years old beech stand time, where according to certain characters (the basal part of deformation strain, frequent occurrence of damage) we can infer that, with the vegetation stool origin. As a result of adverse site conditions and the influence of origin to the emergence of the crop trees have a shape looks like an apple. Forest biocoenoses “Máchova dolina” is bounded to the board and limited site conditions ecosystem surface is less than 0.5 ha. As part of this unique site was established a permanent research area rectangle of dimensions 50 × 100 meters and by the Field-Map technology has been carried out measurements dendrometric variables (see below). The aim of the research was to compare different spatial structures (a total of 4 plots) in beech forest stands in Chřiby hills and knowledge of the functional effects of structurally variant types of forest.The measurement was based on „The methodology of research dynamics of natural forests left spontaneous development“ (Vrška et al., 2006). When measurements are distinguished tree concepts and strain. The tree indicates the individual, which consists of one or more strains. Focus and describe all strains with DBH of at least 10 cm with bark. For each strain is aimed its location, DBH, height, high-pitched crown, crown projection, set the species of trees and nature of health. In addition to living trees and stumps are aimed „dead wood“, stumping for distinguishing their origin, whether it arose naturally (break) or artificially (harvesting), all aimed „dead wood“ must originate in the area.The permanent research “Máchova dolina” area the size of 0.5 hectares has been targeted 146 trees. Diameter breast height (DBH) ranging from 10–72 cm; most tribes are represented with DBH between 30–39 cm. Most site conditions reflects vegetation height. Height of trees ranged from 2.5 m to 31.5 m, most often in the range of 15–20 m. For comparison, can be as old stands in a nature reserve on a set of “Holý kopec” forest types 3B, where the average height of vegetation around 38 m (max. 45 m). Surface projections are mostly CZK range of 30–50 m2. Although the vegetation time and even get involved exposure provides sufficient sunshine is no natural vegetation regeneration.The aim of this article is description of spatial stand structure in natural monument Máchova dolina in Chřiby hills.

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INFLUENCE OF POTASSIUM LEVELS ON ROOT GROWTH AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE OF UPLAND RICE CULTIVARS

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252017v30n104rc ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 32-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

ANTONIO CARLOS DE ALMEIDA CARMEIS FILHO ◽

◽

CARLOS ALEXANDRE COSTA CRUSCIOL ◽

ADRIANO STEPHAN NASCENTE ◽

MUNIR MAUAD ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Root Length Density ◽

Root Diameter ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Randomized Experimental Design ◽

K Concentration

ABSTRACT Potassium (K) is an essential nutrient for upland rice growth, but little information on the effects of K on root growth and nutrient uptake capacity of upland rice is found. Therefore, an experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the influence of soil K levels on root growth and nutrient uptake of four upland rice cultivars. A completely randomized experimental design, in a 4x4 factorial scheme (4 levels of K: 20, 40, 80, and 160 mg dm-3; 4 cultivars: Caiapó, BRS-Primavera, IAC-202, and Maravilha) was used, with four replications. Based on regression equations, the highest values of root length density would be found with 136 mg dm-3 of K. The root diameter and dry matter, shoot dry matter and shoot K concentration increased linearly with the increasing K rates. The shoot K concentration of the upland rice cultivars did not differ. The increased level of K in the soil reduced the shoot Ca concentration of intermediate and modern cultivars, and the shoot Mg concentration of all cultivars. The potassium fertilization increased the plant growth, but the magnitude of this effect varied according to the cultivar.

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Factors of spatial distribution of forest floor properties in the Jizerské Mountains

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/3616-pse ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 51 (No. 10) ◽

pp. 447-455 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

L. Borůvka ◽

L. Mládková ◽

O. Drábek ◽

R. Vašát

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Forest Floor ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Beech Forest ◽

Soil Characteristics ◽

Structural Correlation ◽

N Loading ◽

Mg Content ◽

Humus Quality

The aim of this contribution was to describe spatial distribution of soil characteristics of forest floor in the JizerskéMountainsregion and to assess the effect of stand factors by means of geostatistics, using structural correlation coefficients. Most soil properties showed a low spatial dependence with variogram range of 6000 m. Kriged maps of spatial distribution of soil properties were created. Most characteristics were influenced by altitude. A general decrease of pH and Ca and Mg content and an increase of potentially toxic Al forms (AlKCl) due to high S and N loading were demonstrated. An effect of liming on the decrease of AlKCl content, and higher pH and Mg content and lower AlKCl under beech forest were shown. Lower acidity and a better humus quality were found at higher altitudes under grass coverin spite of high S and N content. The ratios S/Ca and S/(Ca + Mg) can serve as an indicator of soil acidification level.

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Sulphate concentration and S-SO42 – flux in soil solutions in the West Carpathians Mountains on an example of submontane beech forest stand

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/122/2010-jfs ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 58 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 35-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. Janík ◽

E. Bublinec ◽

M. Dubová

Keyword(s):

Soil Depth ◽

Beech Forest ◽

Forest Stand ◽

The West ◽

Sulphur Deposition ◽

Clear Cut ◽

Humus Layer ◽

Beech Stand ◽

West Carpathians ◽

Evaluation Of Data

The paper presents the evaluation of data on precipitation totals and on SO42  –concentrations and S-SO42  –  fluxes in lysimetric waters in a submontane beech stand. The records cover continually a 19-year period. The site is situated in the Kremnické vrchy Mountains, belonging to the West Carpathians Mountains. The material was sampled on two plots. The first had been clear cut immediately before the research started (1989), the second was covered with the original forest stand. In total, the highest SO42  – concentrations on the open plot were measured four years after the intervention (1993) at the soil depth of 0.25 m (40.50 mg·l–1). The lowest values were recorded in 1989 on the control plot at the soil depth of 0.25 m (4.54 mg·l–1). The sulphate sulphur deposition was the highest in 1995 in the surface humus layer on the open plot (51.8 kg·ha–1·year–1). A very significant influence of precipitation totals on sulphur amounts deposited in the particular soil horizons was also confirmed. No interannual differences in SO42  –  concentration and S-SO42  –  fluxwere proved.

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Spatial patterns of soil microbial characteristics and soil moisture in a natural beech forest

Biologia ◽

10.2478/s11756-006-0183-9 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 61 (19) ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Erika Gömöryová ◽

Juraj Gregor ◽

Viliam Pichler ◽

Dušan Gömöry

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Microbial Activity ◽

Soil Microbial Activity ◽

Beech Forest ◽

Canopy Openness ◽

Organic Layers ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Soil Variables ◽

Beech Stand ◽

Organic Horizons

AbstractTo characterize the spatial heterogeneity of selected soil microbiological characteristics in relation to soil moisture content within a natural beech stand, we collected soil samples at 50 m intervals along a 1,500 m long transect in a beech primeval forest at Vtáčnik mountains (Slovakia) from organic layers (OL and OF horizons) and the mineral A horizon (depth 0–10 cm) in July 2004 and June 2005. Gravimetric soil moisture, basal and substrate-induced respiration, respiration in situ and soil catalase activity were measured. Statistically significant differences in soil variables were found among horizons and partially among sampling dates. Soil microbial activity was closely correlated with soil moisture, especially in the OL horizon. No clear spatial autocorrelation of the assessed soil variables was found, but a significant correlation between years occurred. Moisture and microbial activity parameters were positively correlated with canopy openness in the A horizon, whereas no or negative correlations were observed in the overlying organic horizons.

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A dispersibility index for soils and its dependence on other soil properties tested with a group of soils from the Lockyer Valley Uplands, Qld, and the Lower Namoi Valley, NSW

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr9890493 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 493 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

IP Little

Keyword(s):

Specific Conductivity ◽

Principal Component ◽

Clay Content ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Simple Linear Regression ◽

Soil Suspension ◽

Before And After ◽

Mg Content ◽

Separate Regression

The ratio between the weight of a sample of the suspension of a soil given minimal dispersion treatment and a sample of a similar suspension where the particles were completely dispersed provides an index of dispersibility. The weight is proportional to the component elements. Values for K, Mg, Fe and A1 were obtained by HF/HClO4 digestion of a small portion of the suspension, and the ratio of the amount of any of these elements estimated before and after dispersion was found to provide a reproducible index of dispersibility. The relationships between this dispersibility index and exchangeable plus soluble cations replaced by Ag or Cu thiourea, pH and specific conductivity of a 1 : 5 soil/water suspension, and the K, Mg, Fe and A1 content of the suspension of dispersed soil sampled to provide the index were investigated for a set of 105 soil samples that included soloths and grey clays from the Lockyer Valley and grey clays from the Namoi region. It was found that, while the B horizons of soloths from the Lockyer Valley uplands were non-dispersive, the deep subsoils were often highly dispersible. With the grey clays of the Namoi region, surface soils assessed as being poorly structured were often non-dispersive, but such soils showed a rapid increase in dispersibility with increasing depth. A principal component analysis of the data showed that soils from the two sites were different in terms of the cations extractable with copper thiourea, clay content, pH and conductivity. The Mg content of the soil suspension was related to the dispersibility index, i.e. smectitic clays were more dispersible. However, the K, Fe and A1 contents were not related to dispersibility. A simple linear regression with soluble plus exchangeable Na, Ca and Mg, pH, clay content and conductivity accounted for 78-81% of the variation in the dispersibility index. When Na, Ca and Mg were expressed as a percentage of the cation exchange capacity, 76-84% of the variability in the dispersibility index was accounted for. A log-transformation of the data was not as successful overall, with 50% of the variability being accounted for, but with the Namoi soils, which were higher in Ca, 84% was accounted for. To explain the dispersibility observed in soils from a landslip in the southern Lockyer Valley, a separate regression equation was able to account for 88% of the variation. When the sequence of profiles from the landslip site was examined individually, there was a catenary trend in the attributes related to dispersibility. Similarly, regression equations on sub-groups of closely related soils showed that the control over dispersibility was site-specific.

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