Een eenvoudig beginsel van rechtvaardigheid. Artsen en de taalwetgeving aan de vooravond van de Tweede Wereldoorlog

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-106
Author(s):  
Frank Seberechts
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Pasteur Institute ◽  
Language Legislation ◽  
Principle Of Justice ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
Dutch Language ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Second World

Het ADVN bewaart een verzameling documenten uit de periode 1935-1939 van het Doktersgild Van Helmont, aangesloten bij het Algemeen Vlaamsch Geneesherenverbond. Daarin bevindt zich een brief van 6 november 1939 van het doktersgild aan professor Jules Bordet, hoofd van het Pasteur Instituut in Brussel. De dokters eisen in deze brief dat het instituut voortaan de Nederlandse taal zou gebruiken in zijn contacten met Vlaamse artsen in Vlaams-Brabant en Brussel.Nobelprijswinnaar Jules Bordet en zijn instituut waren exponenten van de dominerende Franstalige klasse in België in de 19de en de eerste helft van de 20ste eeuw. In de loop van de jaren 1930 hadden echter steeds meer artsen een Nederlandstalig diploma verworven. Bovendien moest het instituut zich aanpassen aan de taalwetgeving die sinds 1932 van kracht was. De brief dient dan ook gesitueerd in de strijd om de toepassing van de taalwetgeving in overheidsdiensten en om de vernederlandsing van de medische praktijk in Vlaanderen.________A simple principle of justice: Physicians and the language legislation on the eve of the Second World WarThe ADVN holds a collection of documents from the period of 1935-1939 belonging to the Guild of Physicians of Helmont, which was associated with the General Flemish Association of Physicians. It includes a letter dated 6 November 1939 from the Guild of Physicians to Professor Jules Bordet, chief of the Pasteur Institute in Brussels. In this letter the doctors demand that the Institute would use the Dutch language in future contacts with Flemish physicians in Flemish Brabant and Brussels.Nobel Prize winner Jules Bordet and his Institute were exponents of the dominating French speaking class in Belgium during the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. However, during the 1930’s a growing number of physicians had obtained a medical diploma drawn up in the Dutch language. Moreover the Institute had to conform to the requirements of the language legislation, which had been in force since 1932. Therefore this letter needs to be seen in the context of the struggle for the application of the language legislation in public services and for the Dutchification of medical practice in Flanders.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF A BELGIAN ACCOUNTING CODE DURING THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignace De Beelde
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Second World War ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Scientific Management ◽  
World War ◽  
Voluntary Adoption ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Second World

Continental European countries are familiar with standardized charts of accounts. Practices in these countries have been quite diverging however, ranging from the voluntary adoption of schemes developed by professionals or associations to state-imposed charts. In the development of these schemes, several Belgian accounting scholars have played an important role, particularly from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century. This paper links the charts proposed in Belgium with attempts to develop unified accounting and costing methods and efforts to introduce principles of scientific management around the end of the Second World War. It also seeks to explain why the introduction of decimalized charts took longer in Belgium than other countries such as France.

scholarly journals Boundaries or bridges: what should Homeopathy's relationship be with mainstream medicine?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (32) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Lyn Brierley-Jones
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Conventional Medicine ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Mainstream Medicine ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New System

When Samuel Hahnemann devised homoeopathy he constructed multiple arguments that both vehemently supported his new system and criticized the conventional medical practice of his day. At the end of the 19th century when homeopathy had grown within Britain and America, homeopaths failed to make use of some of Hahnemann’s most successful arguments. Instead, homeopaths found themselves lose significant cognitive ground to their long time conventional rivals with the dawn of the 20th century, a ground they have not yet recovered. This paper uses the theoretical framework of Berger and Luckmann to analyse the dynamics of the arguments used against homeopathy and suggests that homeopaths failed to adopt a universalizing medical explanation that was available to them: the reverse action of drugs. Had they used this argument homoeopaths could have explained conventional medicine successes within their own universe of meaning and thus neutralized the impact of conventional on their practice. The implications of these conclusions for the future survival and success of homoeopathy are considered.

Immigrant Arab Women in Chile during the Renaissance (Nahda), 1910s-1920s

1970 ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Sarah Limorté
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
New World ◽  
Arab Women ◽  
Arab Woman ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century

Levantine immigration to Chile started during the last quarter of the 19th century. This immigration, almost exclusively male at the outset, changed at the beginning of the 20th century when women started following their fathers, brothers, and husbands to the New World. Defining the role and status of the Arab woman within her community in Chile has never before been tackled in a detailed study. This article attempts to broach the subject by looking at Arabic newspapers published in Chile between 1912 and the end of the 1920s. A thematic analysis of articles dealing with the question of women or written by women, appearing in publications such as Al-Murshid, Asch-Schabibat, Al-Watan, and Oriente, will be discussed.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF AMERICAN SHIP-ACCOUNTING PRACTICES TO 1900: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THREE VESSELS

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-51
Author(s):  
Jan Richard Heier
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Accounting Model ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The U.S

Accounting has always been utilitarian in nature. It adapts to the changes in the business environment by meeting the need for new types of information. The change in waterborne transportation in the U.S. during the 19th century provides an example of such an environmental change that led to a need for accounting adaptation. With the advent of the steamboat, old accounting methods were modified and new ones created to meet the changes in the business environment. In the process, a standardized ships-accounting model was developed. The model can be seen in the accounting records of three ships that sailed at the beginning of the 20th century.

scholarly journals Catalogue of the primatological collection of the Torino University

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Calvini ◽  
Maria Stella Siori ◽  
Spartaco Gippoliti ◽  
Marco Pavia
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Zoological Garden ◽  
Historical Material ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time

The revised catalogue of primatological material stored in the Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali of Torino and in the Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi of the Università degli Studi di Torino and belonging to the historical material of the Torino University is introduced. The material, 494 specimens belonging to 399 individuals of 122 taxa, is of particular importance since specimens were mainly obtained during the 19th Century and the beginning of the 20th Century. A relevant part of the collection was created by the collaborators of the Museum, among which it is worth to mention F. De Filippi, A. Borelli and E. Festa, while other material came from purchases and donations from private people or the Royal Zoological Garden of Torino. Great part of the specimens is stuffed but also the osteological materials are of particular importance, as many of them derived from the specimens before being prepared and consisting of skulls or more or less complete skeletons. After this revision, the Lectotype and Paralectotypes of <em>Alouatta</em> <em>palliata</em> <em>aequatorialis</em> have been selected, and the type-specimen of the <em>brunnea</em> variety of <em>Cebus</em> <em>albifrons</em> <em>cuscinus</em> has been recognized. In addition, some specimens of particular historical-scientific importance have also been identified and here presented for the first time.

scholarly journals Most Frequent Problems of Building Structures of Urban Apartment Buildings from 2nd Half of 19th Century and the Start of 20th Century

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Klara Kroftova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Structural Safety ◽  
Horizontal Load ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Basic Prerequisite

An urban residential building from the second half of the 19th century and the start of the 20th century, the so-called tenement house, is a significant representative of the architecture of the developing urban fabric in Central Europe. The vertical and horizontal load-bearing structures of these houses currently tend to show characteristic, repeated defects and failures. Their knowledge may, in many cases, facilitate and speed up the design of the historic building’s restoration without compromising its heritage value in this process. The article presents the summary of the most frequently occurring defects and failures of these buildings. The summary, however, is not an absolute one, and, in the case of major damage to the building, it still applies that, first of all, a detailed analysis of the causes and consequences of defects and failures must be made as a basic prerequisite for the reliability and long-term durability of the building’s restoration and rehabilitation. An integral part of the rehabilitation of buildings must be the elimination of the causes of the appearance of their failures and remediation of all defects impairing their structural safety, health safety and energy efficiency.

The origins of syncopation in American popular music

Popular Music ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-41
Author(s):  
David Temperley
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Popular Music ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Vocal Music ◽  
Piano Music ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
American Popular Music ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Fourth Position

AbstractThe origins of syncopation in 20th-century American popular music have been a source of controversy. I offer a new account of this historical process. I distinguish between second-position syncopation, an accent on the second quarter of a half-note or quarter-note unit, and fourth-position syncopation, an accent on the fourth quarter of such a unit. Unlike second-position syncopation, fourth-position syncopation tends to have an anticipatory character. In an earlier study I presented evidence suggesting British roots for second-position syncopation. in contrast, fourth-position syncopation – the focus of the current study – seems to have had no presence in published 19th-century vocal music, British or American. It first appears in notation in ragtime songs and piano music at the very end of the 19th century; it was also used in recordings by African-American singers before it was widely notated.

Zum Aufstieg und Niedergang des Normalarbeitsverhältnisses in Deutschland 1800-2010 - ein Forschungsprojekt

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toni Pierenkemper ◽  
Klaus F. Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Employment Contract ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
The Future ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Welfare State

AbstractThis paper attempts to trace the construction of the standard employment contract in Germany from the beginning of the 19th century onwards. In 20th century Germany, it was reinforced alongside with the consolidation of the welfare state and developed into the modern concept of the standard employment contract. Due to globalization forces and dynamics of capitalist market economies, the standard employment contract has turned into an obstacle in the way of modern economy’s progress. The future might be determined by increasing work flexibility, rising working hours, falling income and increasing unemployment rates, rendering the standard employment contract anachronistic and obsolete.

Politieke statistiek in België : Oproep bij het einde van 170 jaar België

Res Publica ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 379-389
Author(s):  
Wilfried Dewachter
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Global Approach ◽  
Institutional Approach ◽  
Static View ◽  
The Right ◽  
The 19Th Century

The great promises that "Statistik" yielded in the 19th century in Belgium, did  not materialise. At least as far as political statistics are concerned. In the second half of the 20th century the output was rather limited and thus very incomplete, not very professionally conceived and elaborated, disorderly provided, strongly related to an outrunned institutional approach and thus quite conservative in its orientation, veiled in inaccurate categories with the static view rather dominant. Therefore, starting from a global approach of the 3 P's (=polity, politics and policy), a rebuilding is necessary. This should provide for an inventory of existing statistical data and -above all -a masterplan to achieve a straightforward view on the 3 P's in Belgium: polity, politics and policy. A polyarchy has the right and the need to in depth information that is as complete as feasible. Statistics are very handy tools to provide this information to both policymakers and citizens.

Kazania dla młodzieży żydowskiej w Galicji

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Maślak-Maciejewska
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Jewish Students ◽  
Jewish Youth ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Selection Of

The book contains a selection of eighty eight sermons (so-called exhortations) for the Jewish youth, which were written in Galicia at the end of the 19th century and in the first decades of the 20th century. They constituted part of religious education of Jewish students who attended secular primary and secondary schools. The authors of the sermons were teachers such as Natan Szyper, Arnold Friedman or Samuel Wolf Guttman who was the preacher of the progressive synagogue in Lviv.

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