Are the questionnaire and the psycho-lexical Big Twos the same? Towards an integration of personality structure within the Circumplex of Personality Metatraits

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 18-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz Strus ◽  
Jan Cieciuch

The Big Two personality factors were identified independently in questionnaire (Stability and Plasticity) and in psycho-lexical studies (Social Self-Regulation and Dynamism), but despite the close correspondence between them, the existing results are inconclusive as to the degree of their similarity. The presented study involved 692 participants (55.3% females; Mage=31.5, SDage=13.1) who completed a set of instruments measuring the most general personality dimensions to clarify the relationship between the questionnaire and the psycho-lexical Big Twos within the Circumplex of Personality Metatraits (CPM). It was shown that both Big Twos can be deemed slightly different manifestations of the personality metatraits identified within the CPM. Thus, the obtained results suggest a possibility for renewed integration of the questionnaire and the psycho-lexical traditions of research on personality structure.

2000 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray W Enns ◽  
Brian J Cox ◽  
Derrick K Larsen

Objective: An association between anomalous parental bonding experiences (lack of parental care, overprotection, or both) and depression during adulthood has been observed in several studies. The objective of the present study was to evaluate several different personality dimensions as possible mediators of the relationship between perceptions of parental bonding and depressive symptoms in adulthood. Methods: Outpatients with depression (n = 138) completed the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and several measures of proposed personality vulnerabilities to depression. The conceptual and methodological criteria of Baron and Kenny (1986) were used to assess possible mediating effects of personality variables. Results: In men, overprotection by their fathers was significantly associated with depression; neuroticism, socially prescribed perfectionism, and concern over mistakes acted as mediators of this relationship. In women, lack of care by their mothers was significantly associated with depression; self-criticism, socially prescribed perfectionism, and concern over mistakes mediated this relationship. Conclusions: The present study provides evidence that personality factors may mediate the observed relationship between parental rearing style and depression. These potential causal mechanisms warrant longitudinal evaluation.


1997 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray W Enns ◽  
Brian J Cox

Objectives The relationship between dimensionally assessed personality and the onset, features, and course of depressive illness will be critically examined and considered in relation to 4 hypothesized models: predisposition or vulnerability; pathoplasty; complication or scar; and spectrum or continuity. Method Studies that have used clinically depressed adult patients to explore the relationship between personality dimensions and depression will be reviewed. Results Higher-order personality factors that have shown a significant and consistent association with major depressive illness include neuroticism, extraversion (negative relationship), and the factors of Cloninger's Tridimensional Personality Model. Neuroticism appears to be the most powerful predictor of depression. Lower-order factors showing a significant and consistent relationship with depressive illness include dependency, self-criticism, obsessionality, and perfectionism. The links between depression and dependency and self-criticism have the strongest empirical support. Conclusions Several personality dimensions are significantly associated with depressive illness, but the evidence that unequivocally demonstrates a true personality predisposition for depression is modest. Measures of personality may prove to be clinically useful for treatment selection.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254458
Author(s):  
Barbara Bętkowska-Korpała ◽  
Roksana Epa ◽  
Karolina Sikora-Zych ◽  
Katarzyna Olszewska-Turek ◽  
Anna Pastuszak-Draxler ◽  
...  

The issues of personality and its relations with the level of empathetic sensibility of medical doctors are broadly discussed in the literature. The aim of this study was an assessment of personality related predictors of empathy indicators in female and male students of medicine with consideration of gender differences. Methods applied were Empathic Sensitiveness Scale (ESS) and Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R). The study included 153 participants, who were students of the fifth year of medical studies. Students filled in questionnaires during workshops in clinical psychological skills. Participation in the study was voluntary and anonymous. The statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 13 PL and PS IMAGO PRO (SPSS). Linear regression analysis with the interaction component was performed to explore the relationship between personality factors and gender and their interaction with the variable dependent level of empathy. The analysis showed that Extraversion, Openness and Agreeableness are associated with the level of Empathic Concern. Neuroticism, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness are associated with the level of Personal Distress. Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness are associated with the level of Perspective-taking. The regression analysis with the interactive component showed that there is no relationship between gender and the level of empathy, therefore the interactions were insignificant. Empathetic sensibility is related to personality dimensions of the students of medicine. Although there has been no interaction among chief personality dimensions, empathy indicators and gender, detailed analysis of personality dimensions’ components has shown differences between men and women.


Author(s):  
Tatyana V. Tarasova ◽  
Igor’ V. Sud’enkov ◽  
Roman S. Tarasov

Introduction. Taking into account different approaches to the problem of arbitrary purposeful activity, as well as the existing lack of empirical data, the question of evaluating the relationship of self-regulation and self-management is an open and topical one. The leading role in the organization of activities can move from one process to another. The article analyzes the data obtained in the study of the assumption that at some level of the organization of activities, there are both elements of the process of self-management and the process of self-regulation; they are closely intertwined, interpenetrating depending on a particular stage. However, there are phenomena of personal formations that can affect self-regulatory mechanisms in self-management activities. These constitutional factors may be dominant or subordinate. The purpose of the study is to identify the relationship between the ability to self-management and self-regulation in law enforcement officers with constitutional personality factors. Materials and Methods. To conduct the study in accordance with this goal, we used the following questionnaires: N. M. Peisakhov “Ability to self-management” (SSU test); V. I. Morosanova “Style of self-regulation of behavior with a scale of reliability” (SSPM-2011); method of multivariate research of R. Kettell’s personality. Results. In the course of the study, we identified conditions (the degree of expression of the factor “N”, etc.) in which the value of explicability of dependent variables is higher, which indicates a changeable (dynamic) the nature of the mutual influence of conscious self-regulation and the ability to self-management and, in turn, is a certain feature of this professional activity. Discussion and Conclusion. In the course of the study, statistically significant relationships were obtained between General and particular indicators of the methods of V. I. Morosanova and N. M. Peisakhov. Along with this, we have identified reliable correlation indicators that characterize the relationship between R. Kettell’s constitutional factors with conscious self-regulation and the ability to self-management. It is obvious that the results obtained at this stage of the study are clearly insufficient to make any decision on the issue of “breeding” self-regulation and self-management. The results of univariate and multiple regression analysis of the original sample (N = 446) in addition to the low level of mutual dependence common indicators “of the process itself” – 28,6 %, and the total indicators from individual scales methods SSPM – 2011 and test SSU 30,91 % and 39,77 %, respectively, to assess differences in perceived self-regulation and ability for self-government, depending on the impact of constitutional traits of law enforcement officers.


Author(s):  
Marc Allroggen ◽  
Peter Rehmann ◽  
Eva Schürch ◽  
Carolyn C. Morf ◽  
Michael Kölch

Abstract.Narcissism is seen as a multidimensional construct that consists of two manifestations: grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. In order to define these two manifestations, their relationship to personality factors has increasingly become of interest. However, so far no studies have considered the relationship between different phenotypes of narcissism and personality factors in adolescents. Method: In a cross-sectional study, we examine a group of adolescents (n = 98; average age 16.77 years; 23.5 % female) with regard to the relationship between Big Five personality factors and pathological narcissism using self-report instruments. This group is compared to a group of young adults (n = 38; average age 19.69 years; 25.6 % female). Results: Grandiose narcissism is primarily related to low Agreeableness and Extraversion, vulnerable narcissism to Neuroticism. We do not find differences between adolescents and young adults concerning the relationship between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism and personality traits. Discussion: Vulnerable and grandiose narcissism can be well differentiated in adolescents, and the pattern does not show substantial differences compared to young adults.


2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Aitken Schermer ◽  
Andrew M. Johnson ◽  
Philip A. Vernon ◽  
Kerry L. Jang

The relationship between self-report abilities and personality was examined at both the phenotypic (zero-order) level as well as at the genetic and environmental levels. Twins and siblings (N = 516) completed self-report ability and personality questionnaires. A factor analysis of the ability questions revealed 10 factors, including politics, interpersonal relationships, practical tasks, intellectual pursuits, academic skills, entrepreneur/business, domestic skills, vocal abilities, and creativity. Five personality factors were examined, including extraversion, conscientiousness, dependence, aggression, and openness. At the phenotypic level, the correlations between the ability factor scores and personality factor scores ranged from 0 to .60 (between political abilities and extraversion). The relationship between the two areas at the genetic level was found to range between –.01 and .60; the environmental correlations ranged from –.01 to .48. The results suggest that some of the self-report ability scores are related to self-report personality, and that some of these observed relationships may have a common genetic basis while others are from a common environmental factor.


2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Matschke ◽  
Kai Sassenberg

Entering a new group provides the potential of forming a new social identity. Starting from self-regulation models, we propose that goals (e.g., internal motivation to enter the group), strategies (e.g., approach and avoidance strategies), and events (e.g., the group’s response) affect the development of the social self. In two studies we manipulated the group’s response (acceptance vs. rejection) and assessed internal motivation as well as approach and avoidance strategies. It was expected, and we found, that when newcomers are accepted, their use of approach strategies (but not avoidance strategies) facilitates social identification. In line with self-completion theory, for highly internally motivated individuals approach strategies facilitated social identification even upon rejection. The results underline the active role of newcomers in their social identity development.


2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett D. Campbell ◽  
Carol Anne Kardash

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