scholarly journals Reindeer herding among Sami population of Kolsky Uyezd in the late XVIII century (based on the statistical reports)

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
Daria Aleksandrovna Chaplygina
Keyword(s):  
Russian Population ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Economic Sector ◽  
Reindeer Herding ◽  
Cattle Farm ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
Economic Practice ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Xix Century

Reindeer herding is inextricably associated with the economic practice of Sami people. The subject of this research is the reindeer herding among Sami population of Kolsky Uyezd in the late XVIII century. The object of this research is the statistical reports of 1764, 1784, and 1785. The statistical sources of various periods are introduced into the scientific discourse, which allows analyzing such topics as demography, physical-geographical peculiarities of the territory, economic activity, and everyday life of the population, as well as reconstructing the state of reindeer herding among Sami people of Kolsky Uyezd during the period under study, and comparing the acquired results with the data for the XIX century. The sources also provide information on reindeer herding among Russian population; therefore, the article aims to determine the importance of this economic sector outside the Sami society. The scientific novelty is defined by the absence of works dedicated to reindeer herding among Sami people of Kolsky Uyezd for the period under review. The main conclusions are as follows: Sami population of Kolsky Uyezd of the late XVII century cannot be considered as traditional reindeer herders, as it was rather a small-scale cattle farm, fulfilling mostly food and transportation functions; the number of reindeer in the Sami pogosts was uneven; increase in the number of reindeer was noticed in the second half of the XVIII century, which testifies to the growing role of this economic sector (however, in the eastern part of the Kola Peninsula alone); in the economy of the Russian population, reindeer herding performed a support function.

scholarly journals The first private newspaper of the Taurida Governorate– "Crimean Leaflet"

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Arzy Dilyaverovna Khas'yanova
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Periodical Press ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Xix Century

This article examines the establishment of private periodical press of the Taurida Governorate in the late XIX century. The object of this research is the first private newspaper – “Crimean Leaflet”. The author explores the socioeconomic processes and censorship conditions, which affected the emergence of the Crimean private periodicals. An overview is given to the historiography and sources used in this work. The first part of the article studies the sociopolitical and cultural-historical prerequisites for the emergence of mass media in the governorate. The second part examines the process of opening and operation of the newspaper, its outline, biography of the publisher, as well as composition of the editorial board. The third part reveals the subject matter of the published materials and the peculiarities of interaction of the newspaper with the provincial administration and censorship authorities. The author also analyzes the reasons why the newspaper was shut down. In conclusion, the author reviews the role of the newspaper in formation of private provincial press, and its impact upon public relations in the Taurida Governorate. The scientific novelty consists in introduction into the scientific discourse of previously unstudied archival materials, as the historiography virtually had no records on the newspaper and the personality of the publisher. This work contributes to studying the development of private press in the Taurida Governorate, as well as reveals certain details of state policy with regards to provincial press in the late XIX century.

scholarly journals Archeologie in musea: een passend verleden voor de Sami?

Paleo-aktueel ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
Mathilde van den Berg
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Reindeer Herding ◽  
Cultural Expression ◽  
General Acceptance

A Sami past. The Sami are still struggling for general acceptance of their identity and cultural expression. They are the indigenous population of Fennoscandia, and although now mostly associated with reindeer herding, historically their subsistence was based mostly on fishing, hunting, agriculture, animal husbandry, and only small-scale reindeer herding. In this paper it is probed how contemporary majority and Sami museums convey information about the Sami and their past, with a special focus on the role of archaeology. This is important because museums have an active role in the creation of knowledge and identity. There are several discrepancies between what archaeology is and can present, and how the Sami see their culture and past. Archaeology works with linear time, and focuses on material culture that is, landscape-wise, taken out of context. By contrast, Sami culture emphasizes the importance of material culture within the landscape, feels affiliated with circular time and nature, and does not accept all material culture that archaeology classifies as Sami. In the case of the Sami, archaeology is a less-than-ideal way to communicate about their past and culture.

scholarly journals THE CAUCASUS IN THE WORKS OF EUROPEAN AUTHORS OF THE XVIII CENTURY

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.В. ДЕГОЕВ
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Western Historiography ◽  
Scholarly Attention

Автор ставил перед собой троякую задачу. Во-первых, определить реальный информационный потенциал европейских сочинений XVIII века как источника исторических знаний о Кавказе. Во-вторых, привлечь внимание исследователей к изучению соотношения между источниковедческой и историографической ценностью этой литературы в контексте процесса зарождения научного кавказоведения. В-третьих, выявить роль приходящих политико-идеологических факторов, обусловленных геополитическими интересами западных государств и их специфическим (так сказать, ориенталистским) восприятием Востока вообще и Кавказа в частности. Авторские выводы требуют дальнейшей проверки с целью подтверждения одних идей, корректировки других и критического переосмысления третьих. The threefold task the author had in mind implies the following. First, to assess informative value of the 18th century European sketches on the Caucasus as a source of the appropriate knowledge. Second, to redirect scholarly attention towards searching for distinct lines between murky facts and their interpretation, oftentimes arbitrary, uncritical, and even openly biased. It would help to reveal what might be called a scientific trend in Western «historiography» on the region`s past. Third, to expose the role of the incoming political and ideological factors determined by geostrategic interests of the concerned States on the one hand and by its largely prejudiced, as it were, orientalistic perception of the East on the other. While the author found his general approach promising he hesitates to claim that all of his conclusions are flawless. Some of them need further arguments either pro or contra to deservedly place the subject in question in a wider context of history.

scholarly journals To the question on philosophical-methodological foundations of English legal positivism of the XIX century (legal teachings of J. Bentham and J. Austin)

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-73
Author(s):  
Anton Mikhailovich Mikhailov
Keyword(s):  
Legal Positivism ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
Historical School ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Logical Paradox ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Legal Concepts ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The Impact

The subject of this research is the  aggregate of philosophical ideas and methodological paradigms that underlie the concepts of the “first” legal (statist) positivism in England of the XIX century. The author traces the impact of certain philosophical trends and legal concepts of the XVIII – early XIX centuries upon the philosophical and methodological foundations of the positivist concepts of J. Bentham and J. Austin. The article describes the influence of social atomism, and exploratory rationality of Modern Age upon the “first” legal positivism of philosophical rationalism of the XVIII century. The impact of such philosophical and legal concepts as nominalism, the historical school of lawyers, and philosophical positivism of A. Comte upon the “first” legal positivism was reconstructed. The scientific novelty consists in reconstruction of the influence of an entire number of philosophical and legal ideas and concepts upon the development of “first” legal positivism. Correlation between the legal doctrine of J. Bentham, philosophical concepts of the XVIII century, and the legal teaching of T. Hobbes is underlined. The author draws the ideological parallels between the philosophical nominalism, logical paradox of D. Hume, and legal doctrines of J. Bentham and J. Austin. The author reveals the key “channels” of the impact of German Historical School upon legal positivism, describes the similarities and differences between the scientific positivism of A. Comte and the concepts of legal positivism of J. Bentham and J. Austin. The philosophical-methodological framework of the concepts of “first” legal positivism were subjected to a significant influence of the methodological paradigm of philosophical rationalism, social atomism, exploratory scientific rationality of Modern Age, and nominalism.

scholarly journals The specifi cs of Monotheism (tawhid) as “a thing-in-itself”. On the Evolution of Islamic Theology in the Late Russian Empire

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 866-882
Author(s):  
D. R. Gilmutdinov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Religious Epistemology ◽  
Dynamic Characterization ◽  
Islamic Theology ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Thing In Itself ◽  
The Subject

In this paper, we will try to give a dynamic characterization of the object and the subject of Modern theology among the Tatar Muslims on the exemplar of the theological views of ‘Abdunnasīr Qursavi (1776–1812), Shihabutdin Marjani (1818–1889) and Murad Ramzi (1854–1934) (and partly of their contemporaries). The incognizability of the Creator and the faith as “a thing-in-itself” transformed Tatar Religious Epistemology into the cognition of more defi nite realities. Agnosticism in the question of God’s attributes led to the anthropocentric features of theological worldviews. The above-mentioned chain of theologians demonstrates not only the continuity of the Tatar Theology, but also refl ects the dynamics of the evolution of the attitude towards the madhhabs and towards the role of an individual, the specifi cs of the Naqshbandi-Mujaddidiya Sufi brotherhood, as well as the Ottoman ‘usul fi qh’ in the modernization period of the early XVIII century. In general, the works of Qursavi constitute a certain system of views that can be considered as a certain cornerstone, the so-called ‘starting point’ of Tatar School of Theology.

scholarly journals Transformation of the ethnic space of Russia in the XVIII—XIX centuries: the historical-geographical analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
A. G. Manakov
Keyword(s):  
Contact Zone ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Russian Population ◽  
Entire Period ◽  
Geographical Analysis ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century

The article presents the results of a statistical-cartographic analysis of changes in the territorial structure of the ethnic space of Russia (within modern borders) at the level of the country's macroregions from the beginning of the XVIII century to the end of the XIX century (first census of 1897), divided into four periods — from 1719 to 1762 years, from 1762 to 1795 years, from 1795 to 1850 years, from 1850 to 1897 years. There are four components of the territorial structure in the ethnic space of Russia: the Russian ethnic core, the contact zone of the Russian megacore, the internal and external periphery. The proportion of the Russian population and the ethnic mosaic index are used as quantitative criteria for identifying these components of the territorial structure of the ethnic space of Russia. The research revealed that during the entire period of the study, there was a constant reallocation of the Russian population from the Russian ethnic core into macroregions, forming other components of the ethnic space of the country. In the second half of the XIX century macroregions that belongs to the contact zone of the Russian megacore and partially to the inner periphery began to perform the same function, jointly participating in the Russian colonization of the external periphery (outskirts of the Russian Empire).

scholarly journals The role of language within the identity structure of Molokans of Azerbaijan (on the example of rural localities Ivanovka and Novosaratovka)

Litera ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Ramil Sahib Abdullayev
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Group Research ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Language Environment ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Ethnocultural Group

The goal of this research is the comparison of identity factors that contribute to strengthening and determination of affiliation of an ethnocultural group in a foreign language environment. The subject of this research is the examination of peculiarities of language factors as an element of preservation of identity and identification of a minority ethnocultural group of Molokans residing in the territory of Azerbaijan since the early XIX century. The author reviews certain identity structures of the Molokans that assist preservation and unification of the group. Research methodology is based on the sociolinguistic practice, surveys and interviews carried out in the rural localities Ivanovka and Novosaratovka, as well as places of residence of the Molokans in Azerbaijan. The scientific novelty consist in comparative study of Molokans in the two regions of Azerbaijan, their views upon identity, lifestyle and living conditions, and linguistic peculiarities. A conclusion is drawn that Molokans consider themselves Russians; the role of language within the identity structure of Molokans plays a crucial role; language factor dominates in formation of ethnic identity and ethnic mentality, which develops in the early childhood. The results of this work can be valuable in studying the language factor as the basis in preservation of identity of small-numbered peoples after migration.

scholarly journals A Complex Historical and Archaeological Study of the Rural Settlements of the XVII – Early XX Century in the Middle Tom' Region Basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
A. G. Marochkin ◽  
A. Yu. Yurakova ◽  
I. Yu. Uskov ◽  
S. A. Vasyutin ◽  
A. S. Sizyov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
The North ◽  
Local Material ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
North And South

The present article introduces a new complex approach to the Russian rural settlements of the XVII – early XX centuries in the Middle Tom' Region basin. The approach unites historical, archaeological, and ethnographic researches for a detailed reconstruction of the process of Russian colonization in the region and its reflection in the local material culture. A thorough analysis of historical documentation made it possible to describe the development of the peasant population in the Middle Tom' Region valley. The four stages of this process are different in growth rates, as well as in the priority role of the southern and northern zones of the region. The XVII century saw the most active process of rural development in Sosnovsk area, while the settlements of Kuznetsk area appeared mostly in the first half of the XVIII century. The growth rate in the north and south areas began to level in the second half of the XVIII century – early XIX century. There were no changes in the total number of settlements registered after the middle of the XIX century. The paper also features a brief analysis of archaeological studies of the rural settlements in Western Siberia. The authors believe that the Middle Tom' Region basin still remain largely understudied. The paper contains a catalog of the local archaeological monuments of the Early Modern Period. The catalog is based on the coverage degree, historical identification, and their protection status. The research revealed a certain territorial disproportion in the number of registered archeological monuments. The authors propose some new directions for further studies of the history and culture of the Russian population in the Middle Tom' Region basin.

scholarly journals On the formation of the state borders of Afghanistan in the late XVIII – XIX centuries

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Taisiya Vladimirovna Rabush
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Dynamic Policy ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
History Of Formation

The subject of this research is the formation of state borders of Afghanistan throughout the period from the mid XVIII century to the late XIX century. A brief overview is given to this process during the existence of the Durrani Empire, while the main part of research is covers the events of the XIX century, since the reign of the Barakzai Dynasty. The article leans on the works of the experts in history of Afghanistan of the corresponding period, history foreign policy of Afghanistan and its individual aspects, as well as related documents. This topic has not previously become the subject of separate research, which defines the novelty of this publication. The main results are as follows: the author divides the history of formation of the borders of Afghanistan into two stages – since 1747 to the mid XIX century, characterizes by the dynamic policy of Afghan rulers aimed at the expansion of their territories, including through military conquests; the second half of the XIX century, which determines the new borders of Afghanistan primarily by the external political actors and their activity. It is worth noting that the period from the late XVIII century and the entire XIX century marks the formation of state border of Afghanistan that remain to this day.

scholarly journals The Role Of Susu A Traditional Informal Banking System In The Development Of Micro And Small Scale Enterprises (MSEs) In Ghana

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Goski Alabi ◽  
Joshua Alabi ◽  
Stephen Tei Akrobo
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Capital Outlay ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Micro And Small Enterprises ◽  
Total Turnover

The paper examines the role of Susu a traditional banking system in the development of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) in Ghana, using some selected MSEs and Susu operators. It combines both a reflective and empirical analysis approach. It is based on extensive review of literature on the subject and draws its conclusions from analysis of field data. It attempts to underscore the significance of Susu to MSEs in Ghana. The paper sought to ascertain the role of Susu in the development of MSEs by examining the effects of Susu on MSE development. The assessment was based on analysis of total turnover on investments, and number of people employed after five years of involvement in any Susu scheme. It also reviews the strengths, weaknesses and challenges of the system and offers some suggestions for strengthening it. The results of the study indicated that Susu generally contributes to the development of MSEs. However, the Susu systems favour the development of unorganized MSEs than organized MSEs. MSEs that do not rely on heavy capital outlay are more likely to succeed with Susu than those with heavy capital outlay. The study identifies self regulation as the major set back of the Susu scheme and recommends a system of regulation that may replicate the Ghana Credit Unions Association (GCUA) system.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document