scholarly journals NEW CHAPTER OF DIPLOMATIC RELATION BETWEEN INDONESIA-AMERICA UNDER NEW CONTRACT OF FREEPORT-MCMORAN

NATAPRAJA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shobaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
National Security ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Democratic Development ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
Bilateral Relationship ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government

Freeport-McMoran has explored valuable natural resources in Indonesia by digging gold and copper in Papua since 1967. This essay analyzed the impacts of this new agreement toward the future of the US-Indonesia bilateral relationship as well as reveal Jokowi’s diplomatic approach to gain this agreement. The analysis in this article uses a qualitative approach based on secondary data. The data collected from the official reports of Freport-Mcmoran and other relevant sources. Indonesian government always try to lobby US government through soft diplomacy in order to maintain bilateral relationship. The renegotiation allows the contract extension of the company (until 2041) which will be expired in 2021. Indonesian government still need the US as bilateral partner since this super power country has already played significant roles by contributing economic growth, democratic development, and national security in Indonesia. Hence, Indonesia is carefully approaching the US government to avoid negative effects of Indonesia-Freeport’s renegotiation.

EUROPEAN FISCAL RULES AS A LIABILITY IN THE TRANSATLANTIC TRADE CONFLICT: LESSONS FROM NiGEM SIMULATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 254 ◽  
pp. R54-R66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Dullien ◽  
Sabine Stephan ◽  
Thomas Theobald
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Fiscal Rules ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Transatlantic Trade ◽  
The Us ◽  
Trump Administration

Under the Trump administration, a transatlantic trade conflict has been escalating step by step. First, it was about tariffs on steel and aluminium, then about retaliation for the French digital tax, which is suspended until the end of the year. Most recently, the US administration threatened the European Union with tariffs on cars and car parts because of Canadian seafood being subject to lower import duties. As simulations with NiGEM show, a further escalation of the transatlantic trade conflict has the potential to slow down economic growth significantly in the countries involved. This is a considerable risk given the fact that the countries have to cope with the enormous negative effects of the pandemic shock. Furthermore, the damage caused by the trade conflict depends on the extent to which the affected countries use fiscal policy to stabilise their economies.

scholarly journals Monetary policy, exchange rate, renewable energy and economic growth: An empirical analysis of Vietnam

Accounting ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1315-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Viet Nga
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
The World Bank

The aim of this study is focused on how monetary, energy consumption and other factors affect economic growth of the country of Vietnam. Based on collected secondary data covering from the World Bank and Vietnam’s General Statistics Office from 1985 to 2019, and some data collected from the State Bank of Vietnam, Vector Autoregressive Model was considered to apply in order to investigate this relationship. Results show that there exists an association among monetary policy, renewable energy and the country’s economic growth. Especially, the country’s exchange rate shows no influence on its economic growth while interest rate has negative effects and particularly money supply and renewable energy have a positive influence on the same direction and has a strong impact on economic growth.

scholarly journals RISING CHINA AND BRICS; A STEP TOWARDS MULTIPOLAR WORLD

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-27
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Western World ◽  
The Us ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Rising China

West dominated global financial institutions like IMF and World Bank serves the interests of the US in a unipolar world. Some new emergent economies along with China have endeavored to counter these global hegemonic financial institutions by initiating new financial institutions in the form of BRICS and NDB. This paper attempts to explore the role of a rising China in BRICS, and how it makes ways for multipolarity. It further reveals the implications of the economic plans of BRICS nations in the western world. Through descriptive-analytical research, that draws inference from a mainly qualitative approach, this research has been informed from both primary and secondary data. China is successful in her approach towards global multipolarity, which is being countered by the US through a new Cold War. The western world should view the economic blocs and mounting economies optimistically as opportunities, not threats to avoid future conflicts in the form of New Cold Wars.

scholarly journals Budget Funding Priorities and Development Prospects of the US Artificial Intelligence

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-93
Author(s):  
Y. Selyanin
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
National Security ◽  
Department Of Defense ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Intelligence Community ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government ◽  
Development Prospects

The US Government has initiated a large-scale activity on artificial intelligence (AI) development and implementation. Numerous departments and agencies including the Pentagon, intelligence community and citizen agencies take part in these efforts. Some of them are responsible for technology, materials and standards development. Others are customers of AI. State AI efforts receive significant budget funding. Moreover, Department of Defense costs on AI are comparable with the whole non-defense funding. American world-leading IT companies support state departments and agencies in organizing AI technologies development and implementation. The USA's highest military and political leadership supports such efforts. Congress provides significant requested funding. However leading specialists criticize the state's approach to creating and implementing AI. Firstly, they consider authorized assignments as not sufficient. Secondly, even this funding is used ineffectively. Therefore Congress created National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence (NSCAI) in 2018 for identifying problems in the AI area and developing solutions. This article looks at the stakeholders and participants of the state AI efforts, the budget funding authorization, the major existing problems and the NSCAI conclusions regarding the necessary AI funding in FYs 2021-2032.

Removing the Mask of Sanity: McCarthyism and the Psychiatric–Confessional Foundations of the Cold War National Security State

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (04) ◽  
pp. 1066-1094
Author(s):  
ROBERT GENTER
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
National Security ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Personal Lives ◽  
Political Beliefs ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government ◽  
Psychiatric Discourse ◽  
National Security State ◽  
The Cold War

In the early Cold War, the US government institutionalized a national security program, centered on the investigation into the political beliefs of federal employees, to safeguard the nation from Communist subversion. Often interpreted as the result of a partisan battle between New Deal Democrats and conservative Republicans, the national security program had deeper origins, reflecting the influence of psychiatric discourse on public understandings of deviancy. Framed by a metonymical logic that linked radical political beliefs, deviant sexual behaviors, and other illicit behaviors under the category of psychopathology, the security program sought to guard against the threat posed by potentially dangerous individuals, a form of protection that necessitated the public disclosure by those deemed security risks of all aspects of their personal lives.

Strategies of Decolonization: Economic Sovereignty and National Security in Libyan–US Relations, 1949–1971

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Christopher R. W. Dietrich
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
National Security ◽  
International Law ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Deep Foundations ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government ◽  
Arab League ◽  
The Cold War

Abstract This article examines Libyan–US relations through the historical lenses of decolonization, international law, the Cold War, and the international political economy. The Libyan government exercised its newfound sovereignty in the postwar era through the negotiation of ‘base rights’ for the US government and ‘oil rights’ for corporations owned by US nationals. They did so in conjunction with other petrostates and through international organizations such as the United Nations, the Arab League, and the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. Libyan leaders’ strategy of using sovereignty to promote corporate competition relied on connections with similarly situated nations, and it was through global circuits of knowledge that they pressed the outer limits of economic sovereignty. At the same time, the US government consistently accommodated Libyan policies through Cold War arguments that linked the alliance with Libya to US national security. Those deep foundations of sovereignty and security created the conditions for the transformation of the global oil industry after Libya’s 1969 revolution.

scholarly journals “COMPARATIVE STUDY ON ONLINE INTERMEDIARY SERVICE PROVIDER IN INDONESIA AND EUROPEAN UNION”

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 5253-5262
Author(s):  
Steven Leonardi, Abdul Gani Abdullah, Amad Sudiro
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Service Provider ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
Online Intermediary

By giving exemption of liability of online intermediary services for Indonesia, it is also expected to create one comprehensive and codified regulation applied only for the general internet regime, or possibly only for online intermediary services. The current overlapping creates multiple impositions of rules. Online intermediary services providers are meant to only provide a platform or media for users to use the platform. This research aims to compare the online intermediary service provide between Indonesia and European Union. This a normative legal research using secondary data. The analysis was conducted using a qualitative approach. Results and discussion found that the E.U. E-Commerce Directive 2000/31 could be a reference for the Indonesian government to improve its regulations regarding e-commerce, especially in the online intermediary services provider. However, to adopt the E-Commerce Directive 2000/31 especially articles 12 to 14, where the exemption of liability is regulated, it needs some adjustment to be suitable for the Indonesian legal system and culture.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF THE EFFECT OF FOREIGN DEBT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH OF INDONESIA IN THREE PERIODS OF GOVERNMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Endang Kusdiah Ningsih ◽  
Esty Naruliza ◽  
Asma Mario
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Foreign Debt ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Central Bureau ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
Old Order ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Method

This purpose of this articel is  to determine the ratio of the effect of foreign debt on economic growth. Since the reign of the Old Order  up to the reign of the Reform Order to date, the Indonesian government has always done debt (overseas loans). So as if the growth that accomplished by the Indonesian economy each year can not be separated from foreign debt.The data used are secondary data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics and Bank Indonesia. The analysis technique to be used is Quantitative Descriptive Method. The results of hypothesis test show that  the effect of foreign debt on economic growth only during the Reform Order.

Reconceive National Security

2019 ◽  
pp. 189-204
Author(s):  
Hill and
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
National Security ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
The United States ◽  
Power Bases ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government

This chapter focuses on climate change as a global disrupter of military might and social order. The connection between climate change and national security may appear tenuous to some, but climate change threatens to drastically reshape the security environment, reshuffle geopolitics, and upend some traditional assumptions about what it means to prepare for and win wars. The national security establishment in the United States and other countries will need to reconceive national security. Climate change can create new power vacuums where bad actors can take root, threaten power bases previously thought to be invulnerable, and intensify resource competition among countries. To prepare, the US government needs a framework to ensure that national security plans, policies, and strategies account for the accelerating impacts of climate change.

WikiLeaks disclosures will intensify US anti-leak push

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Technology Firms ◽  
Internet Regulation ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government ◽  
The Eu

Significance Microsoft said WikiLeaks had been in contact with them about vulnerabilities disclosed when WikiLeaks published files on March 7, the first in a series called ‘Vault 7’. This leak has been rebuked by US national security officials, but further revelations could be forthcoming. Impacts Customers may be reluctant to buy products that have previously been associated with CIA spy tools and listening devices. The revelations will damage an already strained relationship between the US government and technology firms. Privacy concerns will hinder internet regulation liberalisation between the United States and other countries, particularly in the EU.

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