Temperamental Characteristics of Pre-School Children Who Stutter

Purpose: Stuttering is a multi-dynamic disorder and there may be various factors related to development of stuttering. Temperamental characteristics of children who stutter (CWS) may be one of those factors but there are only a few Korean empirical studies on such characteristics of pre-school CWS. The primary purpose of the current study was to determine whether there would be differences in temperamental characteristics between pre-school CWS and children who do not stutter (CWNS). In addition the correlations between stuttering and temperament were determined.Methods: A total of 28 CWS and CWNS took part in the current study; 14 male CWS [mean age: 55.1 months, standard deviation (SD): 6.4] and 14 male CWNS (mean age: 54.1 months, SD: 4.8). The participants completed temperamental and psychological measures for children, such as Korean-Personality Rating Scale for Children, The Junior Temperament and Character Inventory 3-6, Korean Preschool Daily Stress Scale, and KiddyCAT.Results: The results of the current study showed that there was a statistically significant difference in Persistence and KiddyCAT scores between CWS and CWNS. Even though there was no significant relationship between temperament and stuttering for CWS several significant relationships were observed among temperament measure scores.Conclusion: These results suggested that temperamental characteristics may contribute to the development of stuttering partly. Accordingly multi-dimensional features should be considered in the clinical management of stuttering.

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Improving Targeting in Image-Guided Frame-Based Deep Brain Stimulation

Operative Neurosurgery ◽

10.1227/neu.0b013e3181f7422a ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 67 (suppl_2) ◽

pp. ons437-ons447 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Etienne M. Holl ◽

Erika A. Petersen ◽

Thomas Foltynie ◽

Irene Martinez-Torres ◽

Patricia Limousin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Deep Brain Stimulation ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Brain Stimulation ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Electrode Placement ◽

Target Point ◽

Intended Target ◽

Image Guided ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Deep Brain

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is commonly used in the treatment of movement disorders such as Parkinson disease (PD), dystonia, and other tremors. OBJECTIVE: To examine systematic errors in image-guided DBS electrode placement and to explore a calibration strategy for stereotactic targeting. METHODS: Pre- and postoperative stereotactic MR images were analyzed in 165 patients. The perpendicular error between planned target coordinates and electrode trajectory was calculated geometrically for all 312 DBS electrodes implanted. Improvement in motor unified PD rating scale III subscore was calculated for those patients with PD with at least 6 months of follow-up after bilateral subthalamic DBS. RESULTS: Mean (standard deviation) scalar error of all electrodes was 1.4(0.9) mm with a significant difference between left and right hemispheres. Targeting error was significantly higher for electrodes with coronal approach angle (ARC) ≥10° (P < .001). Mean vector error was X: −0.6, Y: −0.7, and Z: −0.4 mm (medial, posterior, and superior directions, respectively). Targeting error was significantly improved by using a systematic calibration strategy based on ARC and target hemisphere (mean: 0.6 mm, P < .001) for 47 electrodes implanted in 24 patients. Retrospective theoretical calibration for all 312 electrodes would have reduced the mean (standard deviation) scalar error from 1.4(0.9) mm to 0.9(0.5) mm (36% improvement). With calibration, 97% of all electrodes would be within 2 mm of the intended target as opposed to 81% before calibration. There was no significant correlation between the degree of error and clinical outcome from bilateral subthalamic nucleus DBS (R2 = 0.07). CONCLUSION: After calibration of a systematic targeting error an MR image-guided stereotactic approach would be expected to deliver 97% of all electrodes to within 2 mm of the intended target point with a single brain pass.

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Temperament profiles, major depression, and response to treatment with SSRIs in psychiatric outpatients

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.07.006 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 245-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

O. Kampman ◽

O. Poutanen ◽

A. Illi ◽

E. Setälä-Soikkeli ◽

M. Viikki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Response ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Community Sample ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Baseline Score ◽

Temperament And Character Inventory ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Character Inventory ◽

Path Modelling

AbstractObjectiveThe Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) is commonly used in adult populations. Our aim was to explore: (1) if there are specific differences in temperament dimensions related to depression in comparison with general population, (2) if the treatment response during the acute phase of major depressive disorder (MDD) is predictable by TCI temperament dimensions.MethodTemperament profiles in 98 MDD patients were compared with a Finnish community sample. The patients were treated with serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for 6weeks and their temperament profiles were assessed at baseline and endpoint. The harm avoidance (HA) and depression scores at baseline and endpoint were modelled with path analysis. For path modelling, we tested the relationships between different temperament dimensions and depression symptoms and other clinical variables with Mancova model.ResultsThe HA scores were significantly higher in patients both at baseline and endpoint compared to the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort (NFBC). The patients, and especially males, had slightly higher reward dependency (RD) scores. HA at endpoint explained moderately the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) endpoint score. HA endpoint score was strongly explained by HA baseline score.ConclusionsHA is associated with risk of and treatment response to depression.

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Life Satisfaction and Stress Level among Working and Non-Working Women

International Journal of Indian Psychology ◽

10.25215/0104.015 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Dr. Shashi Kala Singh

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Data Collection ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Working Women ◽

Satisfaction Scale ◽

Stress Scale ◽

Significant Negative Relationship ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Life Satisfaction Scale

The main aim of the present study was to examine the life satisfaction and stress among working and non-working women. A sample of 200 women (100 working &100 non-working) was drawn randomly from the population. Life Satisfaction Scale by Alam & Srivastava (1996) and stress scale by Singh (2004) were used for data collection. Mean, standard deviation, ‘t’ test and correlation were the statistics calculated. The results indicated that there was significant difference regarding life satisfaction and stress between working and non-working women. Results revealed that working and non-working women differed significantly on their life satisfaction (t=5.52).Working women were more satisfied with their life, on stress scale non-working women have higher level stress as compared to working women. A significant negative relationship was found between life satisfaction and stress.

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THE EFFECTS OF SPIRITUAL COUNSELING ON THE ANXIETY LEVEL OF PATIENT’S FAMILY AT THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (ICU) OF dr. DRADJAT PRAWIRANEGARA HOSPITAL IN SERANG, BANTEN PROVINCE, INDONESIA

Belitung Nursing Journal ◽

10.33546/bnj.404 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 403-410

Author(s):

Lukmanulhakim Lukmanulhakim ◽

Delly Arfa Syukrowardi

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Anxiety Level ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Family ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

Spiritual Counseling

Background: Critical nursing is a specific service in giving a holistic nursing service to fulfill human response to a life-threatening problem. A critical nurse can give a social support to patient’s family through assessment, counseling, and supporting group. Counseling is combination between high technology physical caring and emotional caring, which is needed by patients and the family. Spiritual counseling is a complementary medication preferred by the family of patient who is in acute and critical care.Objective: The study intends to identify the effects of spiritual counseling on the anxiety level of patient’s family at the ICU of dr. Dradjat Prawiranegara Hospital in Serang, Banten Province.Methods: The study is a pre-experimental research with one group pre-test and post-test design. The samples are 25 respondents who were selected by using consecutive sampling technique during one month (May to June 2016). The data of anxiety level were collected by using HAR-S (Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety) questionnaire. Then the data was analyzed by using parametrical t-test paired sample for the variable of anxiety before and after giving spiritual counseling. Meanwhile, the variable of respondent characteristics to anxiety was analyzed by using independent sample test.Results: The study finds that the mean of respondents’ anxiety level before spiritual counseling is 33.44 and the standard deviation is 5.213. Meanwhile, after conducting spiritual counseling, the mean is 18.60 and the standard deviation (SD) is 2.582. Bivariate analysis result shows a significant difference between anxiety level of patient’s family in ICU (Intensive Care Unit) before and after conducting spiritual counseling in which p value is 0.000, the mean is 14.840, and SD is 5.437.Conclusion: Nurses should be more capable in implementing the intervention of spiritual counseling to patient’s family. Spiritual counseling can give a positive alteration to the family emotional situation. It impacts on the decrease of patient’s family anxiety level. By the decrease of family anxiety level, the possibility of doing mistake in decision-making is expected to be avoided.

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