scholarly journals Urogenital tuberculosis in children 0 - 14 years old in the structure of other localizations of tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-44
Author(s):  
I. V. Drozdetskaya ◽  
A. V. Mordyk ◽  
N. I. Porkulevich
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Specific Process ◽  
Diagnostic Measures ◽  
Urogenital Tuberculosis ◽  
Reconstructive Operations

Introduction. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) still has many features: there is a different approach to its definition in different countries, there is no screening, diagnosis is extremely difficult and requires financial costs, and bacteriological verification does not exceed 46%, complex restorative and reconstructive operations are used in treatment. the proportion of patients with isolated extrapulmonary localizations among tuberculosis patients is low.Purpose of the study. To study the structure of tuberculosis (TB) in children with the accentuation of EPTB in the current conditions to determine the development areas of preventive and diagnostic measures.Materials and methods. A retrospective two-stage study was carried out in the period from 1989 to 2018 among in-patient children aged 0 - 14 yrs. At the first stage, the structure of clinical forms of TB was assessed in 2306 children. Three comparison groups were formed following ten-year periods. At the second stage, 4 groups were identified according to age: early age, preschool age, primary school age, prepubertal age. The data obtained in the course of the study were statistically processed using the Microsoft Office 2007 (Microsoft Corp., USA) and Biostat 2009 (AnalystSoft Inc., USA) software package. The differences between the groups were determined using the χ2 test, and significant differences were considered when the value of the p < 0.05 criterion.Results. It was found that throughout the entire observation period in the region, the predominant localization of the specific process was respiratory TB. The proportion of isolated extrapulmonary lesions in children decreased from 11.1% in the period from 1999 to 2008 to 3.4% in the period from 2009 to 2018 (p = 0.000). At the same time, the most frequent localization (60.4 - 77.8% of cases) among EPTB remains urinary TB. In the dynamics from 1989 to 2018, the number of cases of the disease with combined forms of tuberculosis increased (from 3.1% to 7.2%; p = 0.000), mainly due to the establishment of several localizations of the lesion. The frequency of bacteriological confirmation of the diagnosis was significantly different at various localizations of the specific process. In children of the compared periods of childhood, the predominant localization of the specific process was isolated respiratory TB. The isolated extrapulmonary process localizations were more common in the age groups 7 - 11 and 12 - 14 yo, where it accounted for 10.8 - 12.4% of TB cases (p = 0.000). The localization of the EPTB also depended on the children's age. So, young children often developed damage to the osteoarticular system, in preschool children - the genitourinary and lymphatic (peripheral lymphadenopathy) systems, in younger schoolchildren and preschoolers - the genitourinary system. The frequency of bacteriological confirmation of the EPTB increased with the age. The combined forms of a specific process were more often observed in the age group of 7 - 11 yo, in the other groups their share was 77.4%, 87.1%, and 95.0% of cases. Respiratory TB and TB of other organs was confirmed bacteriologically more often in the age group 7 - 11 yo (19.4%), and in the group 12 - 14 yo in 12.9%, 4 - 6 yo in 10.0%, early age in 9.7%, which is much more frequent than confirmation of isolated respiratory TB.Conclusions. EPTB in children has not lost its position and due to the widespread introduction of the recombinant TB allergen and CT into clinical practice. It has become more often detected in combination with respiratory TB. Among the EPTB, genitourinary tuberculosis prevailed, which can be verified in contrast to damage to other organs. Raising the level of awareness of paediatricians and phthisiatrician-paediatricians about the frequency of EPTB occurrence makes it possible to form alertness in terms of the possibility of their development and to timely detect the disease at an early stage.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic Analysis of Neural Tuberculosis in Brazil from 2010 to 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raissa Barreto Lima ◽  
Thaís Machado Belitardo de Carvalho ◽  
Matheus Campos Ribeiro de Souza ◽  
Lara Teixeira de Oliveira ◽  
Ana Carolina Pachêco de Menezes Rios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The South ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevention And Health Promotion ◽  
Using Data

Background: Neural tuberculosis is an infection of the central nervous system caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bearing in mind that neural tuberculosis is the most severe form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and results in significant morbidity and mortality rates, it is important to analyze its sociodemographic characteristics in Brazil. Objectives: To describe the sociodemographic characteristics of neural tuberculosis cases in Brazil in the period from 2010 to 2020. Design and Setting: Cross-sectional, retrospective, and descriptive study, carried out using data collected from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) and the Hospital Information System (SIH / SUS) of confirmed cases and hospitalizations for neural tuberculosis. Methods: Variables used: region, sex, age group, color/race and year of service. Results: In the period from 2010 to 2020, the number of notified cases of meningoencephalic tuberculosis was 7.451, with mean cases per year of 677.36. The Southeast region was the most affected with 43.8% of the total cases, followed by the South and Northeast regions, with 24.1% and 20.1%, respectively. There was a wide predominance in individuals aged 30-39 years (42.8%) and in the age group 40-59 years (35.9%). The male sex was the most affected with 63.3% of the total. Conclusions: The study shows a predominance of cases in the South and Southeast regions, with a significant prevalence of males and age groups of 20- 59. This could be an alert for new prevention and health promotion strategies for the most affected groups.

scholarly journals Study to Assess Age Predilection of Malnutrition in Preschool Children

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Anil Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children ◽  
The City

Background : Age of children is the important demographic factor that is involved in nutritional status of children. The preschool age of children is the formative period in which growth and development of children occur. The deficiency of calories and minerals in the preschool age could result in to malnutrition in children. Participants and Methods : Present study was comprised of total 440 children which were selected through two stage random sampling method. The children between 2 years to below 5 years were the sampling units. The study was conducted at the city Fazilka in Punjab in Indi Results and Discussion : The study population was comprised of total 440 preschool which were categorized into three age groups as 2y to 3y with children (n/N=169/440) representing 38.4% in schools, other age group between above 3y to 4y with children (n/N=146/440) representing 33% in anganwadis and the age group above 4y to below 5 years with children (n/N=125/440) representing 28.4%. The stunting in children in 2-3 years age group showed 2.47 times higher chances than the stunting probability in children above 3 to below 5 years age. The Odd ratio between age groups and pallor in preschool children was (OR=0.1986/0.4728) = (0.42) at 95%C. I. of (0.260 to 0.628). Conclusion : Age of children is significantly associated with stunting, pallor and dental caries in children.

Impact of age on racial disparity in early stage breast cancer in the United States.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e19058-e19058
Author(s):  
Shruti Bhandari ◽  
Rohit Kumar ◽  
Phuong Ngo ◽  
Sarah Mudra ◽  
Drew Carl Drennan Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Racial Disparity ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Stage Breast Cancer ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Younger Age

e19058 Background: Racial disparities persists in women with early stage breast cancer and is most pronounced in Black (B) compared to White (W) women even when controlled for stage and biological subtype. Little is known about the impact of age on racial disparities. Our study evaluates the magnitude of a racial disparity in mortality across age strata in a real-world population. Methods: We identified stage I-III female breast cancer patients between 2010 – 2015 from the National Cancer Database. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) for all-cause mortality were estimated using multivariable Cox Proportional Hazards regression, adjusted for clinical and demographic factors. The mortality risk for B and Other (O) race was compared to W across four age groups. To determine the significance in excess risk of mortality, the magnitude of disparity of each age group was compared to the > 60y age group. Results: A total of 679,327 patients were included. W comprised the largest percentage across all age groups. However, the percentage of W increased with age, while the percentage of B decreased with age (p < 0.001). The risk of mortality was significantly higher for B relative to W across all age groups ≤60y. When compared to > 60y, the magnitude of effect of age on risk of dying was significantly different (p < 0.0001) (Table). Conversely, the risk of mortality was significantly reduced for O race compared to W, with similar magnitude of effect across all ages. Conclusions: Even after adjusting for known risk factors of racial disparity such as insurance, biologic subtype and stage, the B to W racial disparity in mortality decreased with age (most pronounced in younger age) and appeared to diminish among women > 60 years of age. In contrast, the risk of dying in O race remained constant. Reasons are unclear and may be due to unmeasured socioecomomic or biologic factors that cannot be controlled for in this dataset. Regardless, identifying factors associated with worsened outcomes in younger age groups in B women should be the direction of future studies. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals A clinical study of complications of diphtheria

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1052
Author(s):  
Pooja Arya ◽  
Manphool S. Maharia ◽  
Ramesh K. Kadela ◽  
Deepchand .
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Neurological Complication ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Active Immunization ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Prompt Treatment

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Diphtheria is an acute infectious preventable disease of childhood caused by <em>C</em>. <em>diphtheriae</em>. Diphtheria is a localized infection of mucous membrane or skin.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The present study was carried out in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology S.P. Medical College and associated group of hospital. In this study all cases of diphtheria and all age groups which attended ENT OPD and emergency department during period from 1/1/2010 to 31/12/2010 were included.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In the present study highest numbers of cases were recorded among 5-10 years of age followed by 0-5 year of age group. 57.59% patients were male and 42.41% patients were female. It was found that occurrence of diphtheria was highest in month November and October and was quit frequent during September and December. No cases during April, June and July. It was observed that most common post diphtheria complication was myocarditis (23.42%) followed by neurological complication.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In order to prevent complication of the disease active immunization is customary and in order to detect the disease at early stage and for prompt treatment masses should be educated regarding the dreadful nature of the disease.</p>

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF STANDING LONG JUMP TECHNIQUE PERFORMED BY SUBJECTS FROM DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (98) ◽  
pp. 2-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijana Hraski ◽  
Željko Hraski ◽  
Ivan Prskalo
Keyword(s):  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Second Year

Background. The aim of this study was to determine kinematic parameters relevant for the proficient performance of standing long jump (SLJ) test in boys and adolescents. Methods. The investigation was conducted on 120 participants divided into five experimental groups of 20 boys and adolescents aged 4–18 and one control group composed of 20 students from the second year of Faculty of Kinesiology whose performance was considered as a model of proficient execution of analysed test. The set of variables was composed of 15 kinematic parameters. For determining the influence of selected kinematic parameters on proficiency of standing long jump test, the Stepwise Regression Analyses was used. Results. The results showed the existence of specific relationship between selected kinematic parameters that significantly affected the execution of standing long jump test in each age group. Conclusion. It can be concluded that, according to analysed kinematic parameters, technique of standing long jump significantly differ from early age to maturity.

scholarly journals EDUKASI SANITASI LINGKUNGAN DENGAN MENERAPKAN PERILAKU HIDUP BERSIH DAN SEHAT (PHBS) PADA KELOMPOK USIA PRASEKOLAH DI TAMAN ASUH ANAK MUSLIM AR-RIDHO TASIKMALAYA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Intania Ihsani ◽  
Meilanny Budiarti Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Healthy Living ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Environmental Sanitation ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Agents Of Change ◽  
Role Of Parents

Tahun 2015 kondisi sanitasi di Indonesia masih dalam kondisi buruk. Masih banyak kegiatan yang mengakibatkan tercemarnya sanitasi, salah satunya yaitu BABs. Perilaku BAB di area terbuka seperti sungai telah menjadi kebiasaan yang sering dilakukan oleh kebanyakan masyarakat yang tinggal di bantaran sungai. Aktivitas tersebut mengakibatkan terkontaminasinya sumber air. Pada umumnya masyarakat menengah kebawah masih menganggap bahwa masalah hidup bersih dan sehat merupakan urusan pribadi yang tidak terlalu penting. Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut, edukasi mengenai perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS) sebagai bagian dari peningkatan kesadaran terhadap sanitasi lingkungan sangat diperlukan tidak hanya untuk kelompok usia dewasa, tapi juga kelompok usia prasekolah. Karena pada kisaran umur pada kelompok tersebut, manusia belajar melalui pengamatan terhadap lingkungan sekitar termasuk kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh orang tua dan gurunya. Maka dari itu peran orang tua di rumah dan guru di sekolah sangatlah penting dalam memberikan edukasi mengenai sanitasi lingkungan. Edukasi dapat disampaikan tidak hanya dalam bentuk formal, namun pemberian contoh dalam kehidupan sehari-hari seperti mencuci tangan sebelum beraktivitas dan menggunakan toilet dengan baik dan benar dinilai penting untuk meningkatkan kesadaran sanitasi lingkungan. Dengan dimulainya kebiasaan yang dilakukan sejak dini, anak akan mulai terbiasa dan mempraktekkannya di kemudian hari. Diharapkan, kelompok usia prasekolah dapat menjadi agen perubahan dalam menerapkan hidup bersih dan sehat di kehidupan sehari-hari. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi literatur yang berfokus pada edukasi sanitasi lingkungan untuk kelompok usia prasekolah dengan menerapkan program Perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS).  In 2015 sanitation conditions in Indonesia are still in poor condition. There are still many activities that cause pollution to sanitation, one of which is Open Defecation. Defecation behavior in open areas such as rivers has become a habit that is often done by most people who live on the banks of the river. These activities resulted in contamination of water sources. In general, the middle class and below still consider that the problem of clean and healthy living is a personal matter that isn't too important. Based on these conditions, education about The pattern of clean and healthy life (PHBS) as part of increasing awareness of environmental sanitation is needed not only for the adult age group, but also the preschool age group. Because in the age range of the group, humans learn through observation of the surrounding environment, including activities carried out by parents and teachers. Therefore the role of parents at home and teachers at school is very important in providing education about environmental sanitation. Education can be delivered from giving examples in daily life such as washing hands before doing activities and using the toilet properly. With the start of the habit that is done early, the child will start to get used to it. It’s hoped that preschool age groups can be agents of change in implementing clean and healthy living in everyday life. This study uses a literature study method that focuses on environmental sanitation education for preschool age groups by implementing The pattern of clean and healthy life (PHBS) program.

scholarly journals Atherosclerotic changes in aorta and coronary arteries at autopsy in North Indian population

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 994
Author(s):  
Kunal Khanna ◽  
Varun Garg ◽  
Vijay Pal Khanagwal ◽  
Tarun Dagar ◽  
Pramod Kumar Paliwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Fourth Decade ◽  
The Right ◽  
Atherosclerotic Changes

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become a ubiquitous cause of morbidity and a leading contributor to mortality in most countries. It has emerged as a major health burden worldwide with atherosclerosis being the major cause.Methods: 150 random cases of different age groups brought for postmortem examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine PGIMS, Rohtak.  Heart was removed and examined after obtaining the consent of next of the kin of the deceased. Gross macroscopic changes were noted and microscopic changes examination was done and reported by preparation of slides in collaboration with Department of Pathology of the Institute.Results: The study group comprised of mostly males (70%) with mean age of 36.90±13.88 years. Almost half of them were in their third and fourth decade of life. 83 cases were found to have atherosclerosis and 25 of them belonged to the age group 40 to 49 years. 82 % of these cases were of male gender. Histopathological grading carried out displayed that Grade III lesions were maximum (27.5%) followed by grade IV lesions (19.0%) and in no section grade VIII lesions were seen.Conclusion: Atherosclerosis has emerged as a new epidemic affecting at a relatively younger age. This study would help in planning of preventive measures directed at the right population. Clinicians could take measures at an early stage to prevent the progression of the disease and will help forensic pathologists in dealing with opinion regarding cause of death.

scholarly journals Corneal Astigmatism Changes After Ptosis Correction in Two Age Groups of Patients with Congenital Ptosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apatsa Lekskul ◽  
Tunyarat Tangphikunatam ◽  
Phantaraporn Tangtammaruk
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Error ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Corneal Astigmatism ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Congenital Ptosis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Rate ◽  
Two Age Groups

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate postoperative corneal astigmatism changes after ptosis correction in groups of young and older patients with congenital ptosis.Patients and Methods: A prospective cohort study of 28 patients (56 eyes) with congenital ptosis enrolled at Ramathibodi Hospital was performed from April 2018 to June 2019. Within this group of patients there were 6 cases of bilateral congenital ptosis and 22 unilateral cases of congenital ptosis forming a total of 34 individual ptotic eyes for the study. The patients were categorized into two groups: early-age group (aged ≤5 years,) comprising of 14 eyes and older-age group (aged >5 years) comprising of 20 eyes. The preoperative visual acuity, amblyopic status, ptosis severity, and refractive error of both groups were evaluated prior to ptosis correction. All patients underwent ptosis correction with either levator resection or frontalis sling. Following the correction, the refractive error was measured after a follow-up period of at least 6 months. The astigmatism results were classified into three subgroups: with-the-rule, against-the-rule and oblique astigmatism.Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 8.91 ± 7.05 years. From the study group, amblyopia was found in 13 out of 28 patients (46.4%). The most common type of astigmatism was with-the-rule astigmatism, making up 24 out of 34 ptotic eyes (70.6%). A postoperative astigmatism change of >0.50 diopters was found in 4 out of14 eyes (28.6%) in the early-age group and in 6 out of 20 eyes (30.0%) in the older-age group (Rate ratio, 1.43; 95% CI, 0.34–6.07). Conclusion: Astigmatism was reduced following ptosis correction, with no statistically significant difference in the amount of reduction between the two age groups. As there is no significant difference, surgical correction can be deferred in patients of all age groups with anisometropic amblyogenic ptosis until appropriate surgical planning is possible.

Gender differences in survival from cutaneous melanoma: Analysis of United States SEER data, 1992 to 2009.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9073-9073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxana Stefania Dronca ◽  
Amy Weaver ◽  
Jerry D. Brewer ◽  
Lynne T Shuster ◽  
Lisa A. Kottschade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Anatomic Site ◽  
Early Stage Disease ◽  
Histologic Subtype ◽  
Males And Females

9073 Background: An accumulating body of evidence suggests that the outcome of early-stage melanoma is influenced by endocrine and menopausal status. However, it remains controversial as to whether the superior female melanoma-specific survival (MSS) is restricted to early stage disease or if it also pertains to patients with metastatic melanoma (MM). Methods: We analyzed data from the 13 registries that participate in the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. We identified all cases of primary invasive melanoma diagnosed between 1992 and 2009; none of the patients had a prior history of another cancer. MSS was compared between males and females, stratified by stage of disease. Age groups were defined as 18-45y, 46-54y, 55-64y, 65+y as a proxy of female menopausal status. Results: The study population included 87,165primary invasive melanoma cases (unstaged n=2834). MSS was significantly poorer for males compared to females for localized (n=72,456) and regional (n=8,945) disease for all age groups (Hazard ratio (HR) ranging from 1.21 to 2.09, all p<0.001). MSS was not significantly different between males and females for patients with distant disease at diagnosis (n= 2930; HR 0.99, 0.92, 1.11, 1.07 for each age group) and remained non-significant after adjusting for Breslow thickness, histologic subtype, anatomic site, and age group (adjusted HR 1.04 males vs. females; 95% CI 0.95-1.14; p=0.41). Conclusions: While our results were consistent with earlier reports that women have higher MSS rates compared to men for early (stage I-III) melanoma, the intriguing finding of this study was that the female survival advantage does not vary with age or menopausal status as compared to men, which is contrary to previously published reports. Furthermore, we found that the difference in survival was no longer significant for patients with MM, suggesting that sex may influence local and regional, but not distant cancer progression.

Comparative Genetic Variability in HIV-1 Subtype C vpu Gene in Early Age Groups of Infants

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-76
Author(s):  
Uma Sharma ◽  
Poonam Gupta ◽  
Sunil Gupta ◽  
S. Venkatesh ◽  
Mohammad Husain
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Subtype C ◽  
Tail Region ◽  
Amino Terminal ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Hiv 1

Objective:Identifying the genetic variability in vertically transmitted viruses in early infancy is important to understand the disease progression. Being important in HIV-1 disease pathogenesis, vpu gene, isolated from young infants was investigated to understand the viral characteristics.Method:Blood samples were obtained from 80 HIV-1 positive infants, categorized in two age groups; acute (<6 months) and early (>6-18 months). A total of 77 PCR positive samples, amplified for vpu gene, were sequenced and analyzed.Results:73 isolates belonged to subtype C. Analysis of heterogeneity of amino acid sequences in infant groups showed that in the sequences of acute age group both insertions and deletions were present while in the early age group only deletions were present. In the acute age group, a deletion of 3 residues (RAE) in the first alfa helix in one sequence and insertions of 1-2 residues (DM, GH, G and H) in the second alfa helix in 4 sequences were observed. In the early age group, deletion of 2 residues (VN) in the cytoplasmic tail region in 2 sequences was observed. Length of the amino terminal was observed to be gradually increasing with the increasing age of the infants. Protein Variation Effect Analyzer software showed that deleterious mutations were more in the acute than the early age group. Entropy analysis revealed that heterogeneity of the residues was comparatively higher in the sequences of acute than the early age group.Conclusion:Mutations observed in the helixes may affect the conformation and lose the ability to degrade CD4 receptors. Heterogeneity was decreasing with the increasing ages of the infants, indicating positive selection for robust virion survival.

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