Occurrence and Vividness of Imagery in Schizophrenic Thought: A Thought-Sampling Approach

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Starker ◽  
Annette Jolin
Keyword(s):  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Auditory Imagery ◽  
Stream Of Consciousness ◽  
Medication Effects ◽  
Thought Sampling ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Sampling Approach

This study attempted to measure imaginal processes in schizophrenics by sampling their ongoing stream of consciousness. The primary issue examined was the occurrence and vividness of auditory and visual imagery in the thought samples of Feighner criterion schizophrenic versus nonschizophrenic patients. Thought samples were validated against the Imaginal Processes Inventory; medication effects were monitored. All comparisons revealed a lack of significant association between diagnosis and thought sample variables, supporting earlier studies using questionnaire techniques. Schizophrenia did not appear to have a profound effect upon imagery. Greater occurrence of auditory imagery was observed among schizophrenic patients who hallucinate versus those who do not hallucinate, but there was no evidence to suggest that such auditory imagery was typically experienced as particularly vivid. Some possible predisposing factors to hallucination are discussed.

Self-Report Imagery Questionnaire Scores and Subtypes of Social-Desirable Responding

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Allbutt ◽  
Jonathan Ling ◽  
Thomas M. Heffernan ◽  
Mohammed Shafiullah
Keyword(s):  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Correlational Analysis ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Auditory Imagery ◽  
Auditory Modality ◽  
Visual Thinking ◽  
Thinking Style ◽  
Social Desirable Responding

Allbutt, Ling, and Shafiullah (2006) and Allbutt, Shafiullah, and Ling (2006) found that scores on self-report measures of visual imagery experience correlate primarily with the egoistic form of social-desirable responding. Here, three studies are reported which investigated whether this pattern of findings generalized to the ratings of imagery vividness in the auditory modality, a new version of the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire ( Marks, 1995 ), and reports of visual thinking style. The measure of social-desirable responding used was the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR; Paulhus, 2002 ). Correlational analysis replicated the pattern seen in our earlier work and of the correlations with the egoistic bias, the correlation with vividness of visual imagery was largest and significant, the correlation with visual thinking style next largest and approached significance, and the correlation with vividness of auditory imagery was the smallest and not significant. The size of these correlations mirrored the extent to which the three aspects of imagery were valued by participants.

Musical Imagery

1986 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Weber ◽  
Suellen Brown
Keyword(s):  
Image Coding ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Auditory Imagery ◽  
Shared Resources ◽  
Written Responses ◽  
Musical Imagery ◽  
Modes Of Representation ◽  
Tonal Contour ◽  
Better Than

An objective indicator of musical imagery is developed that involves tracking the up and down movements of the tonal contour of an imagined musical phrase or tune. In two experiments, college students' imagery of music was examined. In both experiments, subjects learned musical phrases with words (songs) and without words (melodies). They then indicated as rapidly as possibly the tonal contour. In Experiment 1, the primary issue was whether musical imagery (as distinct from kinesthetic or visual imagery) drew on the same representation as overt song. Subjects processed the phrases by using either an imaginal or overtly sung representation. No difference in processing time was found between the imaginal and overt modes of representation, consistent with a common representation. A second issue was "tonal primacy," the priority of tonal coding over verbal or word coding in musical phrases; in fact, songs (with words) were processed as well or better than melodies (without words). No evidence favoring tonal primacy was found. In Experiment 2, the issues examined were possible kinesthetic or visual image coding of pitch representation and possible sharing of tonal and verbal generation processes for musical imagery and auditory imagery. Spoken responses for classifying tonal relations took longer than written responses, indicating that kinesthetic and visual image coding was unlikely and that the pitch generation of musical imagery shared resources with a more general auditory imagery.

Cognitive Vulnerability to Auditory Hallucination

1983 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred B. Heilbrun ◽  
Nancy Blum ◽  
Marilyn Haas
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Stimulus ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Cognitive Vulnerability ◽  
Auditory Hallucination ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Auditory Imagery ◽  
Sensory Mode ◽  
History Of

SummaryGoldstone and Sarbin proposed that auditory hallucinations occur because imagery in a non-preferred sensory mode is more easily misinterpreted as having an external origin. This led to the hypothesis that auditory hallucinators would show less preference for auditory than for visual imagery. Our results suggest that this is true. We also compared the vividness of internally-generated auditory imagery with that of visual imagery, independently of preference, to see whether vividness was impaired in the non-preferred mode in hallucinators. The evidence suggested that this was not the case, but we did find a significantly deficient capacity for creating vivid images of either kind in process patients (i.e. those with poor premorbid status) compared with reactive (good premorbid) patients, regardless of any history of hallucinations. The withdrawal of external attention which characterizes process patients might also be expected to impair their ability to confirm or disconfirm the external origin of an auditory stimulus. We predicted therefore that process hallucinators would be particularly incompetent in spatial location of sounds: our experimental results confirmed this to be the case.

scholarly journals IMAGERY IN SONG LYRICS OF ALICIA KEYS

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Unpris Yastanti ◽  
Dewi Safitri
Keyword(s):  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Auditory Imagery ◽  
Song Lyrics ◽  
Kinesthetic Imagery ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Analyze Data

 The objective of this study is to identify kinds of imagery on songs lyric of Alicia Keys. This study used descriptive method to analyze data.  Recorder songs lyrics of Alicia Keys were served as resources of data and imagery reflected in the lyrics was promoted as data of this study.  The study revealed the following findings: (1) imagery was deserved in three lyrics of Alicia Keys: Girl on Fire, Superwoman, and A Woman’s Worth, (2) Kinds of imagery in the three lyrics songs included: auditory imagery, kinesthetic imagery, visual imagery and organic imagery and the forming is about a woman life, (3)  Message of  songs figured out upon a woman’s life, suggesting a  woman should undertake real struggle and never gave up at whatever occurred in life.  

scholarly journals Analysis of Figurative Language and Imagery in Taylor Swift's Songs

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Sari Rishita Siallagan ◽  
Sulastri Manurung ◽  
Juwita Boneka Sinaga
Keyword(s):  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Figurative Language ◽  
Auditory Imagery ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Song Lyrics ◽  
Kinesthetic Imagery ◽  
Descriptive Method

The aim of this research is to find out the kinds of figurative language and imagery in the song lyrics of Taylor Swift’s “1989” Album. Furthermore, in this research the researcher used qualitative descriptive method. The result of the study is presented in the form of paragraphs. The researcher analyzed the songs by reading them intensively and giving attention for each line. After that, the researcher examined the figurative language and imagery of the songs lyrics. After investigating the sentence in the songs lyrics, the researcher found eight kinds of figurative languages that are used in the songs lyrics, they are personification, metaphor, hyperbole, simile, oxymoron, allusion, litotes and metonymy. Six kinds of imagery also used in the songs lyrics, they are visual imagery, auditory imagery, organic imagery, kinesthetic imagery, tactile imagery and olfactory imagery. The most dominant of figurative language used is personification and the dominant imagery used is visual imagery. Keywords: figurative language, imagery, lyrics

EEG coherence, lateral preference and schizophrenia

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Shaw ◽  
N. Colter ◽  
G. Resek
Keyword(s):  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Imagery Task ◽  
Eeg Coherence ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Lateral Preference ◽  
Brain Organization ◽  
Common Reference ◽  
Left Handedness ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

SYNOPSISThe EEG synchrony between hemispheres during cognitive activity differs from that during rest. With common reference recording and a visual imagery task it increases in healthy right-handers and neurotic patients, and it decreases in healthy left-handers and schizophrenic patients. It is suggested that this implies a less lateralized brain organization in schizophrenia which may account for the often reported association with left-handedness. When associated with impaired corpus callosum transmission, it may contribute to the disturbed behaviour and thought processes in this condition.

Imagery and Fantasy in Vietnam Veteran Psychiatric Inpatients

1982 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Starker ◽  
Annette Jolin
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Combat Veterans ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Auditory Imagery ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Combat Experience ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Spontaneous Imagery

Aspects of volitional and spontaneous imagery/fantasy are examined in hospitalized psychiatric patients with and without combat experience in Vietnam. The ability to create deliberate auditory imagery was unaffected by the combat experience; spontaneous imagery/fantasy in waking and sleeping were profoundly affected. Combat veterans were characterized by greater visual imagery and guilt in their daydreams, greater impairment in attention/concentration, and greater sleep disturbance than noncombat veterans. Results support the clinical conceptualization of post-traumatic stress syndrome as well as the notion of individual fantasy styles.

scholarly journals Auditory and Visual Mental Imagery in Musicians and Nonmusicians

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Talamini ◽  
Julia Vigl ◽  
Elizabeth Doerr ◽  
Massimo Grassi ◽  
Barbara Carretti
Keyword(s):  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Auditory Imagery ◽  
Visual Mental Imagery ◽  
Formally Trained

The present research investigated auditory and visual mental imagery and how this ability differs in people with and without musical training. In a first part, the characteristics of a new auditory imagery self-report questionnaire (the Vividness of Auditory Imagery Questionnaire, VAIQ) were reported. The questionnaire was composed of 16 items assessing mental vividness of auditory everyday sounds and it was administered to 147 participants, demonstrating good psychometric properties. In a second part, self-reported vividness of auditory and visual images was assessed in people with and without music expertise. Thirty-six formally trained musicians, 33 self-taught musicians, and 33 nonmusicians completed the questionnaires. The newly built questionnaire VAIQ and the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ, Marks, 1973) were administered. Music aptitude and general cognitive abilities were also assessed in all participants as control measures. We observed that both groups of musicians self-reported greater vividness of mental imagery for auditory nonmusical sounds than nonmusicians, but not for visual images. The study confirmed that music expertise is linked to enhanced self-reported auditory mental imagery for everyday sounds, illustrating that such advantage is selective for auditory imagery; no difference concerning visual imagery between the groups of musicians and nonmusicians emerged.

scholarly journals Black Feminism Interpretation in Maya Angelo's Poems with Figurative Language and Imaginary Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heni Alghaniy Maulidina
Keyword(s):  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Figurative Language ◽  
Black Feminism ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Black Feminist Thought ◽  
Auditory Imagery ◽  
Black Feminist ◽  
Words And Images ◽  
Female Poets ◽  
Descriptive Method

Poetry is one type of literary work that has characteristics and characteristics makes it different from other literary works. Currently there are many poems written using the experience of discrimination as an object due to various conditions appearing in society. Besides that, there are also many female poets who writing poetry using a feminist approach. The purpose of this study is to identify the types of figurative language and images related to Maya Angelou in black feminism in her poetry. It also analyzes the influence of Maya Angelou's black feminist thought reflected in her poetry through figurative words and images. In this qualitative study, the authors use a descriptive method through several steps, preparation, data collection, and data analysis. The focus of this research is the analysis of figurative language, types of images, and black feminism in Maya Angelo's poems. The figurative language and imagination used in the poems are diverse, such as metaphor, personification, paradox, symbol, irony, irony, visual imagery, and auditory imagery.  In this analysis it can be concluded that black feminism movement are courageous, brave and outspoken.

Dimensions of Thought as a Function of Age, Gender and Task Difficulty

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlton W. Parks ◽  
Eric Klinger ◽  
Marion Perlmutter
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Attention Control ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Experimental Session ◽  
Stream Of Consciousness ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Thought Sampling ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Current Concerns ◽  
Independent Thought

Forty-two younger adult college students (ages 17–28) and forty-two older adult college alumni and their spouses (ages 60–82) participated in a two-session study. During the questionnaire session, subjects completed background information, self-ratings of health and activity, and questionnaires related to daydreaming activity and current concerns in the natural environment. During the experimental session, subjects participated in four ten-minute thought-sampling periods consisting of two puzzle and two relaxation periods. The mean number of current concerns reported on questionnaires was higher among younger than older adults. Moreover, younger adults reported engaging in more daydreaming as well as having more visual imagery in those daydreams than older adults. The mean proportions of stimulus-dependent evaluative thoughts and attention-control utterances elicited during thought-sampling were higher among older than younger adults. The mean proportions of evaluative thoughts and attention-control utterances were higher during the two puzzle sessions than during the two relaxation sessions. There were no age differences in stimulus-independent thought or number of designs attempted, although younger adults completed more easy and difficult puzzles than older adults. There were few gender differences in problem-solving stream of consciousness. The results support the efficacy of a multidimensional approach to the definition and assessment of imagery.

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