Musical Imagery

1986 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Weber ◽  
Suellen Brown
Keyword(s):  
Image Coding ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Auditory Imagery ◽  
Shared Resources ◽  
Written Responses ◽  
Musical Imagery ◽  
Modes Of Representation ◽  
Tonal Contour ◽  
Better Than

An objective indicator of musical imagery is developed that involves tracking the up and down movements of the tonal contour of an imagined musical phrase or tune. In two experiments, college students' imagery of music was examined. In both experiments, subjects learned musical phrases with words (songs) and without words (melodies). They then indicated as rapidly as possibly the tonal contour. In Experiment 1, the primary issue was whether musical imagery (as distinct from kinesthetic or visual imagery) drew on the same representation as overt song. Subjects processed the phrases by using either an imaginal or overtly sung representation. No difference in processing time was found between the imaginal and overt modes of representation, consistent with a common representation. A second issue was "tonal primacy," the priority of tonal coding over verbal or word coding in musical phrases; in fact, songs (with words) were processed as well or better than melodies (without words). No evidence favoring tonal primacy was found. In Experiment 2, the issues examined were possible kinesthetic or visual image coding of pitch representation and possible sharing of tonal and verbal generation processes for musical imagery and auditory imagery. Spoken responses for classifying tonal relations took longer than written responses, indicating that kinesthetic and visual image coding was unlikely and that the pitch generation of musical imagery shared resources with a more general auditory imagery.

A Comparison of Visual versus Auditory Imagery in Predicting Word Recall

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Tracy ◽  
Chris H. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
Word Recall ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Auditory Imagery ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Better Than

A strong relationship exits between a word's capacity to evoke imagery and the word's recallability. Researchers have attributed this finding to visual imagery, generally neglecting to study other forms of imagery. This study examined the relationship between word imagery and recallability for both visual and auditory imagery. Introductory psychology students imagined a future trip to a beach and rated the visual imagery or the auditory imagery of various objects. For example, they rated, “How easy is it to see [or hear] the waves?” Subsequently, students free recalled the objects. Results showed that visual imagery and word recallability were positively related. In contrast, auditory imagery and recallability were curvilinearly related; objects rated as easy to hear (audible) or difficult to hear (nonaudible) were recalled better than objects of intermediate audibility. We concluded that when students tried to imagine hearing nonaudible objects, the objects became distinctive and consequently memorable. Further, a curvilinear relationship did not occur for visual imagery because the objects were visible. Other interpretations of mental imagery were also considered.

Self-Report Imagery Questionnaire Scores and Subtypes of Social-Desirable Responding

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Allbutt ◽  
Jonathan Ling ◽  
Thomas M. Heffernan ◽  
Mohammed Shafiullah
Keyword(s):  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Correlational Analysis ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Auditory Imagery ◽  
Auditory Modality ◽  
Visual Thinking ◽  
Thinking Style ◽  
Social Desirable Responding

Allbutt, Ling, and Shafiullah (2006) and Allbutt, Shafiullah, and Ling (2006) found that scores on self-report measures of visual imagery experience correlate primarily with the egoistic form of social-desirable responding. Here, three studies are reported which investigated whether this pattern of findings generalized to the ratings of imagery vividness in the auditory modality, a new version of the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire ( Marks, 1995 ), and reports of visual thinking style. The measure of social-desirable responding used was the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR; Paulhus, 2002 ). Correlational analysis replicated the pattern seen in our earlier work and of the correlations with the egoistic bias, the correlation with vividness of visual imagery was largest and significant, the correlation with visual thinking style next largest and approached significance, and the correlation with vividness of auditory imagery was the smallest and not significant. The size of these correlations mirrored the extent to which the three aspects of imagery were valued by participants.

Empirical Musical Imagery beyond the “Mind’s Ear”

2019 ◽  
pp. 444-463
Author(s):  
Freya Bailes
Keyword(s):  
Embodied Cognition ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Auditory Imagery ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Musical Imagery ◽  
Motor Processing ◽  
Sensory Motor ◽  
Auditory Experience ◽  
Kinesthetic Imagery

Freya Bailes deals with the topic of musical imagery, and she uses embodied cognition as a framework to argue that musical imagery is a multimodal experience. Existing empirical studies of musical imagery are reviewed and Bailes points to future directions for the study of musical imagery as an embodied-cognition phenomenon. Arguing that musical imagery can never be fully disembodied, Bailes moves beyond the idea of auditory imagery as merely a simulation of auditory experience by “the mind’s ear.” Instead, she outlines how imagining sounds involves kinesthetic imagery and she concludes that sound and music are always connected to sensory motor processing.

An Improved Method for CT Image Coding Using PSNR Prediction Model Based on ELM

2015 ◽  
Vol 738-739 ◽  
pp. 598-601
Author(s):  
Han Yang Zhu ◽  
Xin Yu Jin ◽  
Jian Feng Shen
Keyword(s):  
Computational Complexity ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Image Coding ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Image Encoding ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Learning Machine ◽  
Intractable Problem ◽  
Encoding Efficiency ◽  
Better Than

In telemedicine, medical images are always considered very important telemedicine diagnostic evidences. High transmission delay in a bandwidth limited network becomes an intractable problem because of its large size. It’s important to achieve a quality balance between Region of Interest (ROI) and Background Region (BR) when ROI-based image encoding is being used. In this paper, a research made on balancing method of LS-SVM based ROI/BR PSNR prediction model to optimize the ROI encoding shows it’s much better than conventional methods but with very high computational complexity. We propose a new method using extreme learning machine (ELM) with lower computational complexity to improve encoding efficiency compared to LS-SVM based model. Besides, it also achieves the same effect of balancing ROI and BR.

scholarly journals Mental Control of Musical Imagery: Comparing Tonal and Song Stimuli

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Cotter ◽  
Paul Silvia
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Stimulus Type ◽  
Auditory Imagery ◽  
Mental Control ◽  
Musical Imagery ◽  
Musical Expertise ◽  
Management Ability

Mental control of musical imagery is a complex but understudied process that consists of two components: initiation—whether the musical imagery experience began voluntarily or involuntarily—and management—whether instances of control occur after the experience has begun (e.g., changing the song). The present research examined these two components using 11 lab tasks measuring both initiation and management abilities in a sample of 203 undergraduate students. The tasks varied in stimuli composition: 7 tasks used tones and tonal sequences frequently used as stimuli in auditory imagery research, and 4 tasks used stimuli resembling the contents of everyday musical imagery (i.e., song excerpts). Initiation and management abilities were closely related, and people with greater musical expertise showed a smaller difference between initiation and management ability. Similarly, performance on tasks using tones or tonal sequences and tasks using song stimuli were closely related, and people didn’t differ in performance as a function of stimulus type. The present research demonstrates that people’s ability to initiate and to manage musical imagery are strongly linked and that people are equally good at controlling relatively simple musical imagery and imagery of well-known songs.

Effects of Automation Failure in a Luggage Screening Task: A Comparison between Direct and Indirect Cueing

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 492-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Goh ◽  
Douglas A. Wiegmann ◽  
Poornima Madhavan
Keyword(s):  
Visual Image ◽  
Luggage Screening ◽  
Complete Failure ◽  
Indirect Cues ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Inspection Tasks ◽  
Green Circle ◽  
Manual Performance ◽  
Specific Part ◽  
Better Than

The present study investigated the use of two automated aids of different reliabilities in a luggage screening task. A Direct Cue consisting of a green circle around a potential target directs attention to a specific part of the luggage image, while an Indirect Cue, consisting of a green border around an image determined to have a target, does not. Direct Cues offer an advantage in visual inspection tasks because they guide attention to specific areas of the visual image but this can also cause attentional tunneling. Furthermore, the reliance on automation may negatively impact manual performance after the aid is removed or is no longer available. Thus, two issues were investigated in the current study: (1) how do failures in Direct and Indirect Cues affect reliance and (2) how does a complete failure affect performance after operators had the use of an automated aid? Results suggest that reliance patterns were more optimal with the Direct Cue than with the Indirect Cue and performance with a more reliable Indirect Cue was not much better than a less reliable one. The results also suggest that manual performance, when the aid was removed, was better for participants who had used the automated aids compared to control participants who did not have any use of the aid previously. The advantage of previously aided performance on subsequent manual performance was greatest for those who had used the more reliable Direct Cue. Explanations and implications are discussed.

Cognitive Vulnerability to Auditory Hallucination

1983 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred B. Heilbrun ◽  
Nancy Blum ◽  
Marilyn Haas
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Stimulus ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Cognitive Vulnerability ◽  
Auditory Hallucination ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Auditory Imagery ◽  
Sensory Mode ◽  
History Of

SummaryGoldstone and Sarbin proposed that auditory hallucinations occur because imagery in a non-preferred sensory mode is more easily misinterpreted as having an external origin. This led to the hypothesis that auditory hallucinators would show less preference for auditory than for visual imagery. Our results suggest that this is true. We also compared the vividness of internally-generated auditory imagery with that of visual imagery, independently of preference, to see whether vividness was impaired in the non-preferred mode in hallucinators. The evidence suggested that this was not the case, but we did find a significantly deficient capacity for creating vivid images of either kind in process patients (i.e. those with poor premorbid status) compared with reactive (good premorbid) patients, regardless of any history of hallucinations. The withdrawal of external attention which characterizes process patients might also be expected to impair their ability to confirm or disconfirm the external origin of an auditory stimulus. We predicted therefore that process hallucinators would be particularly incompetent in spatial location of sounds: our experimental results confirmed this to be the case.

Occurrence and Vividness of Imagery in Schizophrenic Thought: A Thought-Sampling Approach

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Starker ◽  
Annette Jolin
Keyword(s):  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Auditory Imagery ◽  
Stream Of Consciousness ◽  
Medication Effects ◽  
Thought Sampling ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Sampling Approach

This study attempted to measure imaginal processes in schizophrenics by sampling their ongoing stream of consciousness. The primary issue examined was the occurrence and vividness of auditory and visual imagery in the thought samples of Feighner criterion schizophrenic versus nonschizophrenic patients. Thought samples were validated against the Imaginal Processes Inventory; medication effects were monitored. All comparisons revealed a lack of significant association between diagnosis and thought sample variables, supporting earlier studies using questionnaire techniques. Schizophrenia did not appear to have a profound effect upon imagery. Greater occurrence of auditory imagery was observed among schizophrenic patients who hallucinate versus those who do not hallucinate, but there was no evidence to suggest that such auditory imagery was typically experienced as particularly vivid. Some possible predisposing factors to hallucination are discussed.

scholarly journals IMAGERY IN SONG LYRICS OF ALICIA KEYS

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Unpris Yastanti ◽  
Dewi Safitri
Keyword(s):  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Auditory Imagery ◽  
Song Lyrics ◽  
Kinesthetic Imagery ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Analyze Data

 The objective of this study is to identify kinds of imagery on songs lyric of Alicia Keys. This study used descriptive method to analyze data.  Recorder songs lyrics of Alicia Keys were served as resources of data and imagery reflected in the lyrics was promoted as data of this study.  The study revealed the following findings: (1) imagery was deserved in three lyrics of Alicia Keys: Girl on Fire, Superwoman, and A Woman’s Worth, (2) Kinds of imagery in the three lyrics songs included: auditory imagery, kinesthetic imagery, visual imagery and organic imagery and the forming is about a woman life, (3)  Message of  songs figured out upon a woman’s life, suggesting a  woman should undertake real struggle and never gave up at whatever occurred in life.  

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