Effects of a Social Norm Feedback Campaign on the Drinking Norms and Behavior of Division I Student-Athletes

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis L. Thombs ◽  
Monair J. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Division I ◽  
At Risk Populations ◽  
The Impact

Social norm feedback is a promising strategy for reducing alcohol misuse on college campuses. However, little is known about the impact of these interventions on at-risk populations, such as student-athletes. This study examined the effects of a campus-wide media campaign on Division I student-athletes at three universities. A discriminant function analysis revealed that a composite measure of perceived campus drinking norms distinguished between two campaign exposure groups. With the exception of one perceived norm measure (closest friends), the campaign-exposed group reported more conservative estimates of alcohol use in peers. However, there was no evidence that the campaign had reduced alcohol use. The inability of the campaign to reduce perceptions of alcohol use among one's closest friends may have accounted for the lack of change in drinking behavior. Discussion is directed to the potential limitations of using social norm feedback campaigns to reduce alcohol misuse in high-risk groups, such as student-athletes.

The impact of alcohol-specific rules, parental norms about early drinking and parental alcohol use on adolescents' drinking behavior

2006 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 061006030313001-??? ◽  
Author(s):  
Haske van der Vorst ◽  
Rutger C.M.E. Engels ◽  
Wim Meeus ◽  
Maja Deković
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Parental Alcohol Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Parental Alcohol

scholarly journals Impact of Various Collegiate Settings on Athletic Trainers’ Definition of Professional Commitment

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephine Mazerolle ◽  
Christianne Eason
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Training ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Division I ◽  
Professional Commitment ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Division Iii ◽  
Division Ii ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: Professional commitment is an individualized concept that combines commitment to a profession and the organization of employment. Currently there is no distinct definition of professional commitment within the context of athletic training. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to evaluate the impact of collegiate divisional setting on the definition of professional commitment. Methods: Online asynchronous interviews. Inclusion criteria consisted of full-time employment in the collegiate setting with at least 1 year of experience beyond a graduate assistantship. Thirty-three BOC certified ATs employed in the collegiate setting (Division I =11, Division II = 9, Division III = 13) volunteered with an average of 10 ± 8 years of clinical experience. Data saturation guided the total number of participants. Participants journaled their thoughts and experiences via QuestionPro™. Multiple analyst triangulation and peer review were included and data was analyzed utilizing general inductive analysis. Results: The importance of current practices emerged across all three settings. ATs in the Division I setting viewed commitment as advocating for their student athletes, providing the best care possible, and mentoring them as young adults. In the Division II setting, ATs were focused on life-long learning as a reflection of commitment. This was often accomplished by attending seminars, completing CEUs, and continually adding to their skill set in order to provide the best care for their student athletes. Division III focused their definition on being a multifaceted health care provider. Exceeding expectations and being a dedicated professional was an aspect of professional commitment. Conclusions: It is important to understand what keeps ATs motivated in the profession in order to enhance retention strategies. Overall, ATs’ professional commitment is derived from providing quality care to student-athletes, continuously advancing education within the profession, and being a multifaceted healthcare provider.

scholarly journals Levels and Prevalence of Mental Health Functioning in Canadian University Student-Athletes

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krista J. Van Slingerland ◽  
Natalie Durand-Bush ◽  
Scott Rathwell
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Living Situation ◽  
Mental Health Functioning ◽  
Health Functioning ◽  
The Impact

We examined the level and prevalence of mental health functioning (MHF) in intercollegiate student-athletes from 30 Canadian universities, and the impact of time of year, gender, alcohol use, living situation, year of study, and type of sport on MHF. An online survey completed in November 2015 (N = 388) and March 2016 (n = 110) revealed that overall, MHF levels were moderate to high, and more student-athletes were flourishing than languishing. MHF levels did not significantly differ across time based on gender, alcohol use, living situation, year of study, and type of sport. Eighteen percent reported a previous mental illness diagnosis and yet maintained moderate MHF across time. These findings support Keyes’ (2002) dual-continua model, suggesting that the presence of mental illness does not automatically imply low levels of well-being and languishing. Nonetheless, those without a previous diagnosis were 3.18 times more likely to be flourishing at Time 1 (November 2015).  

scholarly journals The Effects of a Web-Based Alcohol Prevention Program on Social Norms, Expectancies, and Intentions to Prevent Harm among College Student-Athletes

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melodie Fearnow-Kenney ◽  
David L. Wyrick ◽  
Jeffrey J. Milroy ◽  
Erin J. Reifsteck ◽  
Timothy Day ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Alcohol Expectancies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Harm Prevention ◽  
The Impact

College athletes are at risk for heavy alcohol use, which jeopardizes their general health, academic standing, and athletic performance. Effective prevention programming reduces these risks by targeting theory-based intermediate factors that predict alcohol use while tailoring content to student-athletes. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of the myPlaybook online prevention program on student-athletes’ social norms, negative alcohol expectancies, and intentions to use alcohol-related harm prevention strategies. NCAA Division II student-athletes were recruited from 60 institutions across the United States to complete myPlaybook and pretest/posttest surveys measuring demographics and targeted outcome variables. Participants were randomly assigned to the treatment group (pretest-program-posttest; final n = 647) or the delayed treatment “control” group (pretest-posttest-program; final n = 709). Results revealed significant program effects on social norms (p < .01) and intentions to use harm prevention strategies (p < .01), while the effect on negative alcohol expectancies was nonsignificant (p = .14). Implications for future research and practice are discussed.

Precollege and New-Onset College Interpersonal Trauma as Predictors of Baseline and Changes in Alcohol Use Disorder Symptoms During College

2019 ◽  
pp. 088626051988386
Author(s):  
Kaitlin E. Bountress ◽  
Daniel Bustamante ◽  
Christina Sheerin ◽  
Danielle M. Dick ◽  
Ananda B. Amstadter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Change Score ◽  
Interpersonal Trauma ◽  
First Year ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Onset

College is a high-risk time for interpersonal trauma (IPT) exposure (e.g., physical or sexual abuse/assault), a potent form of trauma exposure. College is also a high-risk time for alcohol misuse, as use begins and increases in adolescence and peaks in the early/mid-20s. In addition, although IPT is associated with alcohol misuse, less clear is whether distal (prior to college) or proximal (during college) IPT impacts alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms at the beginning of college and/or changes in symptoms during college. Data were collected from a large, longitudinal study of college students, attending a large public university in the southeast, who had reported lifetime IPT as well as lifetime alcohol use. Participants in the current study were 18.5 years old ( SD = 0.46), primarily female (67.2%), and of diverse racial backgrounds (e.g., 53.4% White, 18.5% Black, 12.7% Asian, 15.4% Other). Latent change score analyses were employed to test the impact of IPT prior to college and IPT during college on initial levels of, and changes in, AUD symptoms during college. Those who experienced an IPT prior to college reported more AUD symptoms at the beginning of college and less changes in AUD symptoms during the first year of college. Those who experienced an IPT in the first 2 and last 2 years of college reported greater increases in symptoms in the first 2 and last 2 years of college, respectively. Findings suggest that prevention and intervention efforts for those who experience an IPT prior to or during college may be useful in reducing AUD symptoms during that time period.

Psychosocial Influences on College Adjustment in Division I Student-Athletes: The Role of Athletic Identity

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mickey C. Melendez
Keyword(s):  
College Adjustment ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
College Success ◽  
Athletic Identity ◽  
Division I ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Psychosocial Influences ◽  
The Impact

Traditionally, graduation rates have been employed as a primary measure of college success for student-athletes. However, other sport related factors influencing college success and adjustment have yet to be adequately researched in the literature. The purpose of this study was to examine more closely the impact of race, gender, and athletic identity on the college adjustment of a group of freshmen and sophomore varsity student-athletes. A regression model employing athletic identity as a moderator of race for specific indices of college adjustment in student-athletes was tested. One-hundred and one varsity student-athletes from three Division 1 universities participated in the study. Findings revealed significant correlations among the variables of gender, race, athletic identity, and certain aspects of college adjustment. In addition, the model of athletic identity as a moderator of race in student-athletes was partially supported. Implications of the current findings to student-athlete retention and support services are discussed.

Mendelian randomization: A novel test of the gateway hypothesis and models of gene–environment interplay

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1181-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Irons ◽  
Matt McGue ◽  
William G. Iacono ◽  
William S. Oetting
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Adolescent Drinking ◽  
Gateway Hypothesis ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Normal Enzyme ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Antisocial Tendencies

AbstractTo determine if drinking behavior in adolescence provides a “gateway” leading to the misuse of other psychoactive substances and antisocial behavior, we genotyped 180 Asian adolescent adoptees to determine if they inherited the deficient from of the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) enzyme that is important in the metabolism of alcohol. Based on the gateway model, we hypothesized that those with normal enzyme activity (70% of the sample) who began to misuse alcohol would also misuse other drugs and display antisocial tendencies. Those with the enzyme deficiency (30%), because they experience unpleasant side effects associated with drinking, were expected to show less evidence of alcohol misuse and thus be less likely to progress to the misuse of other substances or engage in antisocial acts. Consistent with previous research, we found that ALDH2 deficiency was significantly associated with lower rates of drinking and getting drunk but not with ever having tried alcohol. Contrary to the gateway model, we found no evidence that ALDH2 deficiency was associated with lower rates of nonalcohol substance use or antisociality. Finally, in an examination of factors that may moderate the impact of the metabolic protection because of ALDH2 deficiency, we identified siblings rather than parents as the major source of familial environmental effect on adolescent drinking.

scholarly journals The Normative Underpinnings of Population-Level Alcohol Use: An Individual-Level Simulation Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-234
Author(s):  
Charlotte Probst ◽  
Tuong Manh Vu ◽  
Joshua M. Epstein ◽  
Alexandra E. Nielsen ◽  
Charlotte Buckley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Behavioral Rules ◽  
Level Model ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Background. By defining what is “normal,” appropriate, expected, and unacceptable, social norms shape human behavior. However, the individual-level mechanisms through which social norms impact population-level trends in health-relevant behaviors are not well understood. Aims. To test the ability of social norms mechanisms to predict changes in population-level drinking patterns. Method. An individual-level model was developed to simulate dynamic normative mechanisms and behavioral rules underlying drinking behavior over time. The model encompassed descriptive and injunctive drinking norms and their impact on frequency and quantity of alcohol use. A microsynthesis initialized in 1979 was used as a demographically representative synthetic U.S. population. Three experiments were performed in order to test the modelled normative mechanisms. Results. Overall, the experiments showed limited influence of normative interventions on population-level alcohol use. An increase in the desire to drink led to the most meaningful changes in the population’s drinking behavior. The findings of the experiments underline the importance of autonomy, that is, the degree to which an individual is susceptible to normative influence. Conclusion. The model was able to predict theoretically plausible changes in drinking patterns at the population level through the impact of social mechanisms. Future applications of the model could be used to plan norms interventions pertaining to alcohol use as well as other health behaviors.

Harmful Drinking and Experiences of Alcohol-Related Violence in Australian Male Construction Industry Apprentices

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 423-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin du Plessis ◽  
Tim Corney ◽  
Lewis Burnside
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Verbal Abuse ◽  
Masculine Identity ◽  
Harmful Drinking ◽  
Education Campaigns ◽  
Positive Correlations

This study sought to understand the prevalence of harmful alcohol use in a sample of Australian male construction industry apprentices and also examine alcohol-related violence. Although previous Australian research indicated that 45% of construction industry apprentices had Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test scores indicative of harmful drinking, the current study identified that 66% of construction industry apprentices were drinking at harmful levels. It also identified positive correlations between harmful drinking behavior and alcohol-related violence (and precursors of violence such as verbal abuse). The article notes the role of masculine identity in alcohol consumption, particularly as it relates to the male-dominated construction industry. The article concludes by making recommendations for implementation of preventative education campaigns in apprentices’ workplaces (or in training colleges), as it provides opportune settings to focus on high-risk groups, which are otherwise often difficult to access.

Relationship between alcohol use disorders and suicidality in a psychiatric population

2004 ◽  
Vol 184 (5) ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie McCloud ◽  
Ben Barnaby ◽  
Nicola Omu ◽  
Colin Drummond ◽  
Andy Aboud
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Admissions ◽  
Harmful Alcohol ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
Audit Score ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundAlcohol misuse is a risk factor in suicide and parasuicide.AimsTo measure the prevalence of alcohol use disorders in a cohort of psychiatric admissions using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and the relationship between the AUDIT score and suicidality.MethodConsecutive psychiatric admissions were interviewed with a lifestyle survey that included the AUDIT, and admission case notes were reviewed.ResultsOut of 200 subjects, 48.5% scored 8 or more (indicating hazardous or harmful alcohol use) and 22.5% scored 16 or more (indicating significant alcohol dependence) on the AUDIT. There were no significant gender differences. Alcohol misuse was strongly associated with suicidality.ConclusionsThe AUDIT questionnaire should be incorporated into psychiatric assessments when risk of self-harm is being evaluated. Further research is warranted to examine the impact of interventions for alcohol use disorders in psychiatric settings on self-harm and suicidal ideation.

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