The Elderly's Reactions toward the Dying: The Effects of Perceived Age Similarity

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Smith ◽  
Martin F. Sherman ◽  
Nancy C. Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Just World ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
Perceived Age ◽  
Dying Patient

A 2 × 2 factorial experiment was conducted to investigate the elderly's feelings about and willingness to help (by telephoning or visiting) a similar (old) or dissimilar (young) aged dying patient versus a non-dying patient. Based on reasoning from experimental and clinical research, it was predicted and confirmed that elderly respondents would exhibit less positive affect and greater avoidance (decreased willingness to volunteer) towards a patient dying of cancer compared to a patient with a broken leg. In addition, it was predicted, based upon the social-psychological research findings of the sometimes negative effects of perceived similarity, that elderly respondents would exhibit less positive affect and greater avoidance towards a similar aged dying patient, while no such differences would be expected for the non-dying patient. No support was obtained for this prediction. However, data from supplementary analyses and explanations from the Just World Model were provided as to why this prediction was not confirmed.

zy prawda nas wyzwoli? Przełamywanie oporu psychologicznego w przyjmowaniu wiedzy o Zagładzie

2014 ◽  
pp. 803-822
Author(s):  
Marta Witkowska ◽  
Piotr Forecki
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Research ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Holocaust Education ◽  
Positive Group ◽  
Nazi Occupation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Social Psychological Research

The introduction of the programs on Holocaust education in Poland and a broader debate on the transgressions of Poles against the Jews have not led to desired improvement in public knowledge on these historical events. A comparison of survey results from the last two decades (Bilewicz, Winiewski, Radzik, 2012) illustrates mounting ignorance: the number of Poles who acknowledge that the highest number of victims of the Nazi occupation period was Jewish systematically decreases, while the number of those who think that the highest number of victims of the wartime period was ethnically Polish, increases. Insights from the social psychological research allow to explain the psychological foundations of this resistance to acknowledge the facts about the Holocaust, and indicate the need for positive group identity as a crucial factor preventing people from recognizing such a threatening historical information. In this paper we will provide knowledge about the ways to overcome this resistance-through-denial. Implementation of such measures could allow people to accept responsibility for the misdeeds committed by their ancestors.

Of “Takers” and “Makers”: A Social Psychological Analysis of Class and Classism

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather E. Bullock ◽  
Harmony A. Reppond
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Presidential Candidates ◽  
Psychological Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
The Government ◽  
Relationship Of

During the 2012 United States presidential campaign, the Republican presidential and vice presidential candidates drew a stark line between “takers” and “makers,” claiming that too many Americans are “takers” because they receive more from the government and society than they contribute. In this chapter, we employ a critical social psychological framework to understand and deconstruct the political discourse surrounding “makers” versus “takers” and to illuminate the social psychology of social class and classism. This chapter focuses on attitudes and beliefs about social class that legitimize economic inequality and class disparities and the relationship of these beliefs to interclass relations and social and economic policy. In doing so, this chapter identifies the important role of social psychological research and justice-oriented frameworks in alleviating class-based disparities and classism.

The Social Psychology of Intergroup Toleration

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maykel Verkuyten ◽  
Kumar Yogeeswaran
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Pluralistic Societies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
Global Increase ◽  
Prejudice And Discrimination

The global increase in cultural and religious diversity has led to calls for toleration of group differences to achieve intergroup harmony. Although much social-psychological research has examined the nature of stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination, and its impact on targets of these biases, little research has examined the nature and impact of toleration for intergroup relations. Toleration does not require that people give up their objections to out-group norms and practices but rather mutual accommodation. Integrating research from various social sciences, we explore the nature of intergroup tolerance including its three components—objection, acceptance, and rejection—while drawing out its implications for future social-psychological research. We then explore some psychological consequences to social groups that are the object of toleration. By doing so, we consider the complex ways in which intergroup tolerance impacts both majority and minority groups and the dynamic interplay of both in pluralistic societies.

Social Categories and Business Ethics

ruffin_darden ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 149-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Messick ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
People Group ◽  
Ingroup Favoritism

In this article, I want to draw attention to one strand ofthe complex web of processes that are involved when people group others, including themselves, into social categories. I will focus on the tendency to treat members of one's own group more favorably than nonmembers, a tendency that has been called ingroup favoritism. The structure of the article has three parts. First I will offer anevolutionary argument as to why ingroup favoritism, or something very much like it, is required by theories of the evolution of altruism. I will then review some of the basic social psychological research findings dealing with social categorization generally, and ingroup favoritism specifically. Finally, I will examine two problems in business ethics from the point of view of ingroup favoritism to suggest ways in which social psychological principles and findings may be mobilized to help solve problems of racial or gender discrimination in business contexts.

scholarly journals Doing Diagnosis: Autism, Interaction Order, and the Use of Narrative in Clinical Talk

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas W. Maynard ◽  
Jason Turowetz
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Order Theory ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
The Social ◽  
Diagnostic Position ◽  
Interaction Order ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
Scale Transformations

This study, with an eye toward the social psychology of diagnosis more generally, is an investigation of how clinicians diagnose children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Responding to Hacking’s call for a Goffmanian mode of analysis to complement and balance the emphasis on large-scale transformations and discourses, we examine the narrative way in which clinicians provide evidence to support a diagnostic position. Using recordings and transcripts of clinical visits across two eras, our findings about the interaction order of the clinic show distinct story types and components that contribute to diagnostic narratives for ASD. These include stories about concrete “instantiations,” stories that propose “tendencies,” and “typifications” or generalizations regarding a specific child. This work contributes to interaction order theory, methodology, and other domains of social psychological research.

Introduction to The Social Psychology of Collective Victimhood

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Johanna Ray Vollhardt
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
Collective Victimhood ◽  
Level Of Analysis

This chapter introduces the volume and gives a brief overview of its structure and the content of each chapter. The chapter describes the nature of social psychological research on collective victimhood to date, defines the concept, and provides an organizing framework for scholarship on collective victimhood. This framework emphasizes the interplay of structural and individual-level factors that need to be considered, as well as how the social psychology of collective victimhood is studied at the micro-, meso-, and macro level of analysis. In order to avoid a determinist and simplistic view of collective victimhood, it is crucial to consider the different ways in which people actively construe and make sense of collective victimization of their group(s). It is also important to consider the role of power, history, and other structural factors that together shape the diversity of experiences of collective victimization as well as the consequences of collective victimhood.

Narrative Approaches within a Social Psychology of Social Justice: The Potential Utility of Narrative Evidence

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Frost
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Narrative Research ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Psychological Study ◽  
Narrative Approaches ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Social Psychological Research

This chapter illustrates the utility of narrative approaches within the social psychological study of social justice. By providing an overview of narrative approaches within social psychology, the potential for narrative research to generate knowledge of interest to social justice researchers is highlighted. In efforts to further promote the utility of narrative approaches in social justice research, the concept of narrative evidence is introduced in order to encourage the translation of knowledge gained from social psychological research on social justice concerns into attempts to inform and provoke social change. An illustrative example is discussed drawn from the author’s own research. The work of translating narrative research findings into narrative evidence is an important next step within a social psychology of social justice that seeks to produce knowledge of social justice concerns and has the potential to inform and inspire social change efforts.

scholarly journals Collective Psychological Ownership and Intergroup Relations

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1021-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maykel Verkuyten ◽  
Borja Martinovic
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Psychological Ownership ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
The Social ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
Group Responsibility

Whereas much social psychological research has studied the in-group and out-group implications of social categorization and collective identity (“we”), little research has examined the nature and relevance of collective psychological ownership (“ours”) for intergroup relations. We make a case for considering collective psychological ownership as an important source of intergroup tensions. We do so by integrating theory and research from various social sciences, and we draw out implications for future social psychological research on intergroup relations. We discuss collective psychological ownership in relation to the psychology of possessions, marking behavior, intergroup threats, outgroup exclusion, and in-group responsibility. We suggest that the social psychological processes discussed apply to a range of ownership objects (territory, buildings, cultural artifacts) and various intergroup settings, including international, national, and local contexts, and in organizations and communities. We conclude by providing directions for future research in different intergroup contexts.

scholarly journals Science skepticism in times of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastiaan T. Rutjens ◽  
Sander van der Linden ◽  
Romy van der Lee
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Research ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Psychology Of Science ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
Related Science ◽  
Potential Vaccine ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Conspiracy Thinking

In the current paper, we argue that to get a better understanding of the psychological antecedents of COVID-related science skepticism, it is pivotal to review what is known about the (social) psychology of science skepticism. Recent research highlighting the role of ideologies and worldviews in shaping science skepticism can inform research questions as well as pandemic responses to COVID-19. It is likely that the antecedents of general COVID-19-related skepticism substantially overlap with the antecedents of climate change skepticism. Additionally, skepticism about a potential vaccine in particular will likely be fueled by similar worries and misperceptions to those shaping more general antivaccination attitudes, of which conspiracy thinking is particularly worth highlighting. We conclude by reflecting on how the COVID-19 crisis may shape future social-psychological research aimed at understanding trust in science and science skepticism.

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