Gravels and Travels: A Comment on Andrefsky's “Cascade Phase Lithic Technology”

1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth C. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Lithic Technology ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Snake River ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Lithic Assemblages

The presence of chert in mid-Holocene lithic assemblages along the Snake River has been attributed to long distance mobility, with the material introduced in bifacial form to the canyons from upland quarries. Geological field studies, however, show that chert, argillite, and quartzite are common in terrace and alluvial gravels along the lower Snake River. These lithologies probably provided a major source of high quality raw material for populations wintering near the river throughout the Holocene.

scholarly journals Maltese chert: An archaeological perspective on raw material and lithic technology in the central Mediterranean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huw Groucutt
Keyword(s):  
Lithic Technology ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
The West ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Maltese Islands ◽  
Megalithic Temples

The Maltese islands are renowned for their prehistoric archaeological record, particularly thefamous megalithic ‘temples’ and associated ceramics and artwork. The temples were built bya society lacking metal technology, who relied on stone and organic materials. Knapped stonetool (lithic) technology, to produce sharp edged tools for tasks like cutting, hide working, andwood shaping involved the use of both imported obsidian and high-quality chert – offeringinsights into themes of exchange and connectivity – and local chert. The local chert hasgenerally been described as low-quality, yet relatively little research has been conducted on its distribution, characteristics, and use. In this paper I report a survey of chert sources, identifying a wider distribution of chert outcrops along the west coast of Malta than previously discussed. Some general macroscopic properties are outlined, while there are also aspects of variability in the chert sources. Knapping experiments were then conducted on samples of chert collected, allowing clarification of its characteristics. These observations are used to offer some insightsinto lithic technology in Neolithic and Temple Period Malta, such as the hypothesis that the high frequencies of multidirectional flake production and subsequent ‘scraper retouch’ reflect adaptations to the characteristics of local chert.

Production and Transport of Blanks and Tools at the French Middle Paleolithic Site of Combe-Capelle Bas

1998 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Roth ◽  
Harold L. Dibble
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Middle Paleolithic ◽  
Paleolithic Site ◽  
Group Mobility ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Lithic Assemblage ◽  
Lithic Assemblages ◽  
Material Procurement ◽  
Core Reduction

Recent studies of Middle Paleolithic lithic assemblages have focused on questions of interest to lithic analysts everywhere, including the effect of raw material availability, occupation span, and tool maintenance on assemblage characteristics. In this paper, we add to the growing database on Middle Paleolithic assemblages using material recently excavated at Combe-Capelle Bas in the Dordogne region of southern France. The site provides a unique opportunity for addressing questions concerning lithic assemblage variability because it is located on a high quality flint source. We present data on core reduction, blank selection, raw material procurement, and lithic transport that provide information on lithic use pertinent for both Old World and New World archaeologists. Our data show that raw material availability and group mobility influenced blank selection, production, and transport at Combe-Capelle.

scholarly journals A Macroscopic Perspective on Lithic Technology and Human Behavior during Pleistocene in Zhejiang Province, Southeastern China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Chen ◽  
Jiying Liu ◽  
Xinmin Xu ◽  
Huiru Lian
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Lithic Technology ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Human Adaptation ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Stone Artifacts ◽  
The North ◽  
Lithic Assemblages ◽  
North Part ◽  
Sharp Edges

Paleolithic archeological remains were not reported from Zhejiang until 2002. Up to now, over 70 Paleolithic sites and/or localities have been recovered through a series of surveys mainly in the north part of Zhejiang. An overview of the Paleolithic record and archeological sequence in this region during the Early to Late Pleistocene are present from a macroscopic perspective in this article, as well as the brief introduction of lithic technology and human adaptation in south China. In general, the lithic assemblages in Zhejiang represent the features of Pebble Industry in south China and show a trend of reduction on the size of stone artifacts since the Late Paleolithic. It is presumed that prehistoric humankind has shown the behavioral strategies as followed: a) exploited local raw material; b) the utilization of core and the degree of proficiency in knapping have been improved gradually; c) the retouching focused on the areas of edges; and d) preferred to use sharp edges of tools.

scholarly journals Impressed Ware blade production of Northern Dalmatia (Eastern Adriatic, Croatia) in the context of Neolithisation

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 352-374
Author(s):  
Sonja Kačar
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Lithic Assemblages ◽  
The Social ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Material Economy ◽  
Fertile Region ◽  
Blade Production

The lithic assemblages from the principal early Neolithic sites in Northern Dalmatia have been analysed with respect to the technological aspects and principles of schéma and chaîne opératoire, débitage economy and raw material economy. Northern Dalmatia, the most fertile region of the Eastern Adriatic, hosts the most important Neolithic open-air sites. Early Neolithic is associated with the Impressed Ware culture and dates back to c. 6000–5400 cal BC. The Early Neolithic lithic assemblages are characterized by the pressure blade production techniques on high-quality Gargano cherts reflecting important socio-economic and technical mutations that are specific to the Neolithic. Moreover, the almost exclusive reliance on these exogenous cherts emphasizes the social aspects of such networks and reinforces the idea of cultural uniformity of Dalmatian and Apulian Impressed Ware.

scholarly journals Impressed Ware blade production of Northern Dalmatia (Eastern Adriatic, Croatia) in the context of Neolithisation

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 352-374
Author(s):  
Sonja Kačar
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Lithic Assemblages ◽  
The Social ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Material Economy ◽  
Fertile Region ◽  
Blade Production

The lithic assemblages from the principal early Neolithic sites in Northern Dalmatia have been analysed with respect to the technological aspects and principles of schéma and chaîne opératoire, débitage economy and raw material economy. Northern Dalmatia, the most fertile region of the Eastern Adriatic, hosts the most important Neolithic open-air sites. Early Neolithic is associated with the Impressed Ware culture and dates back to c. 6000–5400 cal BC. The Early Neolithic lithic assemblages are characterized by the pressure blade production techniques on high-quality Gargano cherts reflecting important socio-economic and technical mutations that are specific to the Neolithic. Moreover, the almost exclusive reliance on these exogenous cherts emphasizes the social aspects of such networks and reinforces the idea of cultural uniformity of Dalmatian and Apulian Impressed Ware.

TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HIGH QUALITY RAW MATERIAL OBTAINING FOR PECTIN PRODUCTION

1970 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
I. A. Ilina ◽  
I. A. Machneva ◽  
E. S. Bakun
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Gel Forming Ability

  The article is devoted to the study of the chemical composition, physical and thermal-pfysical characteristics of damp apple pomaces and the identifying patterns of influence of drying temperature the functional composition and gel-forming ability of pectin. The research is aimed at obtaining initial data for the subsequent calculation of the main technological, hydro-mechanical, thermal, structural and economic characteristics of devices for drying the plant raw materials, ensuring the environmental safety and high quality of pectin-containing raw materials, the reducing heat and energy costs. As a result of the study of the thermal characteristics of apple pomaces, the critical points (temperature conductivity – 16.5 x 10-8 m2/s, thermal conductivity – 0.28 W/m K, heat capacity – 1627 j/(kg K)) at a humidity of 56 % are determined, which characterizing the transition from the extraction of weakly bound moisture to the extraction of moisture with strong bonds (colloidal, adsorption). It was found that the pomaces obtained from apples of late ripening have a higher content of solids (21-23 %), soluble pectin and protopectin (2.5-4.5 %). Dried pomaces obtained from apple varieties of late ripening contain up to 25 % pectin, which allow us to recommend them as a source of raw materials for the production of pectin. The optimum modes of preliminary washing of raw materials are offered, allowing to the remove the ballast substances as much as possible. It is established that when the drying temperature increases, the destructive processes are catalyzed: the strength of the pectin jelly and the uronide component and the degree of pectin esterification are reduced. The optimum drying temperature of damp apple pomaces is 80 0C, at which the quality of pectin extracted from the dried raw materials is maintained as much as possible. It is shown that the most effective for the pectin production is a fraction with a particle size of 3-5 mm, which allow us to extract up to 71 % of pectin from raw materials.

Ball-Milling Graphite Used for Synthesis of Biocompatible Blue Luminescent Graphene Quantum Dots

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhou J ◽  
◽  
Dong Y ◽  
Ma Y ◽  
Zhang T ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Transmission Electron

Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) have been prepared by oxidationhydrothermal reaction, using ball-milling graphite as the starting materials. The prepared GQDs are endowed with excellent luminescence properties, with the optimum emission of 320nm. Blue photoluminescent emitted from the GQDs under ultraviolet light. The GQDs are ~3nm in width and 0.5~2 nm in thickness, revealed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. In addition, Fourier transform infrared spectrum evidences the existence of carbonyl and hydroxyl groups, meaning GQDs can be dispersed in water easily and used in cellar imaging, and blue area inside L929 cells were clearly observed under the fluorescence microscope. Both low price of raw material and simple prepared method contribute to the high quality GQDs widespread application in future.

Comprehensive Utilization of Pyrite with High Content of Asrenic

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 965-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Liu ◽  
Shu Ming Wen ◽  
Yong Jun Xian ◽  
Hai Ying Shen ◽  
Shao Jun Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Comprehensive Utilization ◽  
Roasting Temperature ◽  
Chinese Steel Industry ◽  
Iron Bearing

A technology of “arsenic removing- sulfuric acid producing- residuals for ironmaking” is proposed for comprehensive utilization of pyrite with high content of arsenic. The effect of roasting temperature and time on arsenic removing was investigated. The arsenic removed residuals obtained under the optimal arsenic removed conditions, was used to be proceeded for sulphur volatilization test. The results demonstrate that final residuals with 63.53% of Fe can be used for steel industry. This technology can be used to fully utilize sulphur and produce high quality concentrate as iron-bearing feed for steel industry, which will help to reduce the pollution of arsenic and extend raw material sourcing for Chinese steel industry.

scholarly journals For our world without sound. The opportunistic debitage in the Italian context: a methodological evaluation of the lithic assemblages of Pirro Nord, Cà Belvedere di Montepoggiolo, Ciota Ciara cave and Riparo Tagliente.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Carpentieri ◽  
Marta Arzarello
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Lithic Assemblages ◽  
Core Technology ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Lower Pleistocene ◽  
Great Heterogeneity ◽  
Italian Context ◽  
Methodological Evaluation

Abstract The opportunistic debitage, originally adapted from Forestier’s S.S.D.A. definition, is characterized by a strong adaptability to local raw material morphology and its physical characteristics and it is oriented towards flake production. Its most ancient evidence is related to the first European peopling by Homo sp. during Lower Pleistocene starting from 1.6 Ma and gradually increasing around 1 Ma. In these sites a great heterogeneity of the reduction sequences and raw materials employed is highlighted, bringing to the identification of multiple technical behaviours. However, the scientific community does not always agree on associating the concepts of opportunism and method to describe these lithic complexes. The same methodological issues remain for the Middle Pleistocene where, simultaneously to an increase of the archaeological evidence and the persistence of the opportunistic debitage, the first bifacial complexes are attested. Further implications concerning the increasing complexity highlighted in core technology management are now at the centre of an important debate regarding the genesis of more specialized method (Levallois and Discoid) especially during MIS 12 and MIS 9. We suggest that the opportunistic debitage could be the starting point for this process, carrying within itself a great methodological and cultural potential.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document