The Role of Ritual in Children's Bereavement

2001 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary A. Fristad ◽  
Julie Cerel ◽  
Maria Goldman ◽  
Elizabeth B. Weller ◽  
Ronald A. Weller
Keyword(s):  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Parental Death ◽  
Child Survivors ◽  
Bereaved Children ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Favorite Song ◽  
Over Time

Three hundred and eighteen parent-bereaved children aged 5–17 recruited from the community and their surviving parents were interviewed at 1, 6, 13, and 25 months post-parental death about their participation in funeral related rituals and subsequent adjustment following the death. Nearly all the children attended their parent's visitation, funeral, and burial. Children from families who did not have such rituals fare less well over time. Children who reported internalizing or externalizing behavior at rituals were more likely to experience some increased problems in the first two years post-death. Children who were withdrawn or quiet during the rituals had fewer subsequent problems than children who acted out during these rituals. Visitation attendance was associated with better outcome one and two years later. The symbolism of rituals (e.g., playing a favorite song) often brings comfort to child survivors. Cremation does not appear to have any negative effect on children's outcome.

Managing Emotions

2019 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Dennis C. Daley ◽  
Antoine Douaihy
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Coping Skills ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
Interpersonal Difficulties ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Drug Free ◽  
Over Time

An emotion that is prolonged or persists over time is referred to as a mood. Emotions or moods that are too intense, extreme, or chronic and that cause problems in life often need to be addressed as part of ongoing substance use recovery. An overall goal of recovery is to reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, although any emotion can have a positive or negative effect depending on the circumstance. Negative emotional states can also be exacerbated by physical withdrawal, in addition to life problems, stresses, and interpersonal difficulties. These emotions are also associated with the initial period of becoming drug-free. The objectives of this chapter are to identify the role of negative and positive emotions in recovery and relapse, to help clients identify high-risk emotional issues (specific emotions or deficits in coping skills) to address in recovery, and to help clients learn appropriate strategies to manage emotions.

scholarly journals The Role of Bequests in Shaping Wealth Inequality: Evidence from Danish Wealth Records

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 656-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon H. Boserup ◽  
Wojciech Kopczuk ◽  
Claus T. Kreiner
Keyword(s):  
Administrative Data ◽  
Parental Death ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
Relative Inequality ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Using Danish administrative data, we estimate the impact of bequests on the level and inequality of wealth. We compare the distributions of wealth over time of people whose parent died and those whose parent did not. Bequests account for 26 percent of the average post-bequest wealth 1-3 years after parental death and significantly affect wealth throughout the distribution. Bequests increase absolute wealth inequality (variance of the distribution censored at the top/bottom 1% increases by 33 percent), but reduce relative inequality (the top 1% share declines by 6 percentage points from the base of 31 percent).

Time is of the essence: The causal effect of duration on support for war

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 783-796
Author(s):  
Ali Sanaei
Keyword(s):  
Causal Effect ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
War Of Attrition ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Levels Of Support ◽  
Over Time

It is often observed that public support for asymmetric wars diminishes over time, but the micro foundations of this observation are not fully understood. I present a modified war of attrition model for asymmetric wars which shows that as time passes, belligerents’ expectations for the remaining duration of war increase and they find fighting less favorable. Even when we keep the average rate of casualty accrual constant, the anticipated length of fighting into the future affects expected remaining costs of war. Therefore, in a cost-benefit calculation, observed duration causally affects expected remaining costs of war and, hence, leads to lower levels of support for war over time. The longer the war lasts, the more it will look like a never-ending war which may encourage the strong side to cut its losses short and stop the war. Because duration and aggregate costs are highly correlated in observational data, I use a randomized survey experiment to separate the effect of duration from the effect of costs on support for war. The result is that duration has a negative effect on public support which is independent of aggregate costs. This helps us better understand the limits of democratic states’ capabilities in fighting asymmetric wars and suggests that when military planners ignore the role of time, they deploy weaker-than-optimal forces.

scholarly journals The Role of Full and Half Day Preschool Attendance in the Formation of Children’s Social Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Watling Neal ◽  
Brian Brutzman ◽  
C. Emily Durbin
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Social Play ◽  
The United States ◽  
Preschool Attendance ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Full Day ◽  
Over Time

In the United States, the duration of children’s preschool attendance differs, with some children attending full-day preschool and some children attending half-day preschool. This difference provides uneven daily exposure to peers that may have implications for childhood social outcomes, including the formation of social networks over time. In this study, we examined the role of full and half day preschool attendance in children’s social network formation. Specifically, using stochastic actor-oriented modeling, we analyzed longitudinal social network data from an intensive observational study of 25 3-year-old and 28 4-year-old students’ social play relationships in two preschool classrooms over the course of an entire school year. Full-day preschool attendance had a negative effect on the formation of children’s social play relationships over time for 3-year-olds but not 4-year-olds. Specifically, 3-year-old children who attended full-day preschool were less likely than their half-day peers to be selected as playmates. We discuss potential developmental and contextual factors that might explain this finding as well as future directions for research.

Social Motives Predict Loneliness During a Developmental Transition

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Nikitin ◽  
Alexandra M. Freund
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Social Approach ◽  
Social Motives ◽  
Developmental Transitions ◽  
Avoidance Motivation ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract. Establishing new social relationships is important for mastering developmental transitions in young adulthood. In a 2-year longitudinal study with four measurement occasions (T1: n = 245, T2: n = 96, T3: n = 103, T4: n = 85), we investigated the role of social motives in college students’ mastery of the transition of moving out of the parental home, using loneliness as an indicator of poor adjustment to the transition. Students with strong social approach motivation reported stable and low levels of loneliness. In contrast, students with strong social avoidance motivation reported high levels of loneliness. However, this effect dissipated relatively quickly as most of the young adults adapted to the transition over a period of several weeks. The present study also provides evidence for an interaction between social approach and social avoidance motives: Social approach motives buffered the negative effect on social well-being of social avoidance motives. These results illustrate the importance of social approach and social avoidance motives and their interplay during developmental transitions.

THE NOTHING THAT REALLY IS!

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 4172-4177
Author(s):  
Abdul Malek
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dynamics ◽  
Theoretical Physics ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Physical Universe ◽  
Wave Particle Duality ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Materialist Interpretation

The denial of the existence of contradiction is at the root of all idealism in epistemology and the cause for alienations.  This alienation has become a hindrance for the understanding of the nature and the historical evolution mathematics itself and its role as an instrument in the enquiry of the physical universe (1). A dialectical materialist approach incorporating  the role of the contradiction of the unity of the opposites, chance and necessity etc., can provide a proper understanding of the historical evolution of mathematics and  may ameliorate  the negative effect of the alienation in modern theoretical physics and cosmology. The dialectical view also offers a more plausible materialist interpretation of the bewildering wave-particle duality in quantum dynamics (2).

Peran Badan Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan dalam Pengendalian Dampak Pencemaran Kegiatan Industri di Kota Batam tahun 2011-2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Wan Asrida ◽  
Dian Arival Aryadana
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Control Agency ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Industrial Activity ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Research Show

This research is intended to find out the role of the regional environmental impact Control Agency of Batam City against the environmental problems that occur in industrial areas namely, Batam city, concerning sustainable development based upon the environment, the activities of the industry now aims to build an economic sector but has a negative effect that is the pollution of the environment. In this case in Batam city frequent occurrence of environmental pollution caused by industrial activity namely with disposal of waste which are not in place. This research is focused on environmental impact Control Agency area of Batam city authorities in the control of the environment . With the outline of the research issues namely how environmental impact Control Agency the role of the Regions in the control of pollution of the environment against industrial activity in Batam city in 2011-2014 and the factors restricting the role of the regional environmental impact Control Agency in controlling environmental pollution in Batam city in 2011-2014.Type of this research is a descriptive i.e. researchers provide a description and overview of the phenomenon or social symptoms examined by independent variables described in a systematic and accurate. Method of data collection is done by means of interviews and the documentation.The results of this research show that the role of environmental impact Control Agency area of Batam city in pollution control against industrial activity carried out according to its function but have not run well in accordance with the goals and targets that have been set. This is not in accordance with the duties and functions of the regional environmental impact Control Agency of Batam city, resulting in less the maximum role of Bapedalda itself in controlling pollution that occurred in Batam city. So it should be should be able to stake Bapedalda holder which is professional in the discharge of pollution control and must be capable of tackling the obstacles faced.

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