scholarly journals The Role of Bequests in Shaping Wealth Inequality: Evidence from Danish Wealth Records

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 656-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon H. Boserup ◽  
Wojciech Kopczuk ◽  
Claus T. Kreiner
Keyword(s):  
Administrative Data ◽  
Parental Death ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
Relative Inequality ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Using Danish administrative data, we estimate the impact of bequests on the level and inequality of wealth. We compare the distributions of wealth over time of people whose parent died and those whose parent did not. Bequests account for 26 percent of the average post-bequest wealth 1-3 years after parental death and significantly affect wealth throughout the distribution. Bequests increase absolute wealth inequality (variance of the distribution censored at the top/bottom 1% increases by 33 percent), but reduce relative inequality (the top 1% share declines by 6 percentage points from the base of 31 percent).

scholarly journals The Role of the UN Security Council in COVID-19 Crisis Management

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-122
Author(s):  
Svetlana Cebotari ◽  
Selena Stejaru
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
International System ◽  
Dynamic Evolution ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Currently, we experience a conditional reality imposed by the COVID19 pandemic, with both immediate and long-lasting repercussions on the international system and the behavior of each state. For this reason and because the new virus has a dynamic evolution in time and space, research of the impact of the new virus is needed not only from a biogenetic perspective but also in the context of other fields, including the international relations realm. The events we are witnessing at the present challenge to keep up with transformations taking place in the international arena, especially those in the field of virology. As epidemics over time, viruses that cause them to change and occur constantly remain only the fact that they will always influence not only interpersonal relations but impose conditions for new realities in the system of international relations. This article aims to highlight the main gaps in the work of the institution responsible for maintaining peace and security in the international arena, especially in the context of the COVID-19 crisis.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity and Persistence in Returns to Wealth

Econometrica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Fagereng ◽  
Luigi Guiso ◽  
Davide Malacrino ◽  
Luigi Pistaferri
Keyword(s):  
Population Data ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
Risk Exposure ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Risky Assets ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Tax Returns ◽  
Asset Classes ◽  
Over Time

We provide a systematic analysis of the properties of individual returns to wealth using 12 years of population data from Norway's administrative tax records. We document a number of novel results. First, individuals earn markedly different average returns on their net worth (a standard deviation of 22.1%) and on its components. Second, heterogeneity in returns does not arise merely from differences in the allocation of wealth between safe and risky assets: returns are heterogeneous even within narrow asset classes. Third, returns are positively correlated with wealth: moving from the 10th to the 90th percentile of the net worth distribution increases the return by 18 percentage points (and 10 percentage points if looking at net‐of‐tax returns). Fourth, individual wealth returns exhibit substantial persistence over time. We argue that while this persistence partly arises from stable differences in risk exposure and assets scale, it also reflects heterogeneity in sophistication and financial information, as well as entrepreneurial talent. Finally, wealth returns are correlated across generations. We discuss the implications of these findings for several strands of the wealth inequality debate.

scholarly journals The Impact of Goal Disturbance after Cancer on Cortisol Levels over Time and the Moderating Role of COMT

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e0135708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moniek Janse ◽  
Martijn van Faassen ◽  
Ido Kema ◽  
Ans Smink ◽  
Adelita V. Ranchor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
After Cancer ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Over Time

Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cletus Famous Nwankwo
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Party Identification ◽  
Vote Choice ◽  
Voting Behaviour ◽  
Fourth Republic ◽  
Voter Choice ◽  
Specific Manifestation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This article examines the influence of religion on voter choice homogeneity (VCH) in the Nigerian presidential elections of the fourth republic (1999–2015). The result indicates that in the first two elections, religion did not have a significant impact on VCH but had increasing influence from 2011. Thus, compared with the 1999 and 2003 elections, the effect of faith in 2011 and 2015 elections was positive, but the impact of religion was highest in 2015, having a significant and robust effect on VCH. Thus, the paper demonstrates that impact of faith in the presidential elections in the fourth republic has strengthened over time. This finding is, however, put in the context of each election regarding the role of candidates’ popularity, party-identification, ethnicity, candidates’ performance, the number of candidates contesting the election and the position of prominent leaders of the different regions of the country. The paper demonstrates that placing the influence of religion on vote choice in the context of each election and place-specific manifestation of VCH is pertinent in understanding better how religion shapes voting behaviour in Nigeria.

Individuality and habits in institutional economics

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 791-809
Author(s):  
Heath Spong
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Structure Framework ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

AbstractIn this paper a sophisticated conception of individuality is developed that extends beyond simple heterogeneity and is consistent with the approach of institutional economics. Studies of human biological and psychological development are used to illustrate the foundations of human individuality and the impact of the social environment on individual development. The link between the social environment and ongoing agential properties is established through the role of habits, which provide some continuity to individual personalities over time and assist them in navigating the social context they inhabit. Reflexivity is established via an agency-structure framework that endows individuals a changeable self-concept and an ability to interpret their relationship to the social context. The coordination of different individuals is explained not simply through reference to institutional structure, but also through the agent-level properties of shared habits. While reducing differences between individuals to one of degrees, shared habits are shown to be particularly important in the context of agent-sensitive institutions. Finally, the potential for different institutional experiences to impact the reflexivity of individuals is explored.

Technical Assessment of Constructions in Real Estate Appraisal

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 639-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Albu
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Real Estate Appraisal ◽  
Cost Approach ◽  
Technical Assessment ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

One of the modern society priorities is the tendency towards sustainable social and economic development. Sustainable development is possible through the preservation and efficient use of the values created by our ancestors and the ability to meet current needs so as not to endanger the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Real estate appraisal activity evaluates the changes in property value over time. Physical or legal actions on the property are justified only if the future value is not affected.Theory and practice of appraisal activity quantifies three approaches to value:The Sales Comparison Approach – value is examined in terms of current market preferences;The Income Approach – determine the income the property is expected to generate over time as a result of the most probable use;The Cost Approach – value is perceived in terms of replacement cost of real estate with one with comparable utility.Technical assessment of constructions is applied as a rule mainly in the cost approach, and has a major impact on the estimate of market value. The role of technical assessment is reduced, even ignored and not taken into account in other approaches.The present research examined the role of technical assessment of constructions in the process of real estate appraisal and the impact of inspection on the real estate value.

scholarly journals The Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Lockdown on Athletes’ Subjective Vitality: The Protective Role of Resilience and Autonomous Goal Motives

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Martínez-González ◽  
Francisco L. Atienza ◽  
Inés Tomás ◽  
Joan L. Duda ◽  
Isabel Balaguer
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Subjective Vitality ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Mediational Role ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

The lockdown resulting from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a huge impact on peoples’ health. In sport specifically, athletes have had to deal with frustration of their objectives and changes in their usual training routines. The challenging and disruptive situation could hold implications for their well-being. This study examined the effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on changes in athletes’ reported eudaimonic well-being (subjective vitality) and goal motives (autonomous and controlled) over time (i.e., pre-lockdown and during lockdown). The relationship of resilience to changes in subjective vitality was also determined, and changes in athletes’ goal motives were examined as potential mediators. Participants were 127 Spanish university athletes aged between 18 and 34 years (M = 21.14; SD = 2.77). Approximately 4 months before the start of the lockdown in Spain (T1), athletes responded to a questionnaire assessing their resilience, goal motives, and subjective vitality. Around 6 months later into the lockdown period (T2), athletes’ goal motives and subjective vitality were assessed again. Growth modeling using hierarchical linear models revealed a significant decrease of autonomous goal motives and subjective vitality during the lockdown, but athletes did not show change over time in controlled goal motives. Path analysis, adjusting T2 measures for their corresponding T1 measures, showed that resilience significantly predicted changes in athletes’ autonomous goal motives, which then accounted for changes in subjective vitality. The indirect effect was significant. Resilience did not predict changes in athletes’ controlled goal motives. However, changes in controlled goal motives negatively predicted changes in subjective vitality during lockdown. The findings suggest negative impacts of the COVID-19 lockdown on athletes’ goal motives and eudaimonic well-being. Results also support the hypothesized mediational role of autonomous goal motives in the relationship between resilience and subjective vitality during the lockdown. As such, findings confirm the relevance of resilience to a key feature of athletes’ eudaimonic well-being and the importance of enhancing their autonomous goal striving.

scholarly journals Of Mice and (Wo)Men: Tampons, Menstruation, and Testing

2020 ◽  
pp. 673-686
Author(s):  
Sharra L. Vostral
Keyword(s):  
Material Science ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Women's Bodies ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Bodily Experiences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Vostral provides much-needed insight into the link between women’s bodily experiences with tampons and twentieth-century developments in material science, corporate research, and gynecological observations about menstrual cycles. She examines how design modifications to tampons, changes in material composition, and the cultivation of women test subjects exposed scientific assumptions, ideas about safety, and attitudes concerning gendered and menstruating bodies. Focusing on the practical work of tampon testing, Vostral examines the impact of broad cultural conditions: prevailing ideas about women’s bodies, gender differences, and the role of science and medicine in optimizing well-being. Finally, she shows how patterns of social power and privilege configured this research, with evidence taking different forms over time.

scholarly journals The Impact of Household Chaos and Dietary Intake on Executive Function in Young Children

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4442
Author(s):  
Samantha Iwinski ◽  
Sharon M. Donovan ◽  
Barbara Fiese ◽  
Kelly Bost
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
Household Chaos ◽  
Behavior Rating Inventory ◽  
Independent Association ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Children’s executive functions (EFs) emerge over time and can be shaped by household environments and dietary intake. However, there is a lack of knowledge about how these factors influence EFs in children aged 18–24 months. This study tested a model exploring the relations between parent-reported dietary intake, household chaos, and child EF. The sample consisted of 294 families participating in the STRONG Kids2 birth cohort study of nutrition and child health. Caregivers completed the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), the Confusion, Hubbub, and Order Scale (CHAOS), and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function®-Preschool Version (BRIEF-P) to assess model variables. Regression analyses revealed a significant and independent association between assorted snacks and processed foods and two EF subscales. There were also significant associations between household chaos and each EF subscale. There was no significant moderation effect. These findings suggest that family households characterized by dysregulation are associated with children’s EF difficulties during early childhood and that the role of unhealthy dietary intake in child EF should be explored further. Future longitudinal studies that include multi-method approaches are needed to document the mechanisms through which household chaos impacts child EF over time.

scholarly journals HEALTH TRAJECTORIES OVER TIME IN THE ATHLOS PROJECT: FINDINGS FROM MULTIPLE COHORTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S798-S798
Author(s):  
Matthew Prina
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Healthy Ageing ◽  
The Third ◽  
Health Trajectories ◽  
Working Together ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The ATHLOS (Ageing Trajectories of Health: Longitudinal Opportunities and Synergies) project is a consortium of 15 partners across Europe who are working together to understand patterns of healthy ageing trajectories, and to seek the factors that determine those patterns, in a harmonised dataset of 17 international cohort studies of ageing. During this symposium we will be presenting some of the work that has recently been carried out within this project. The symposium will consist of four talks: the first talk will introduce the project, and describe the preliminary work that took place within the first few years of the project, and the challenges faced by the consortium. The second talk will focus on the harmonisation process and on the development of the health metric, an indicator used to measure healthy ageing in this project. The third talk will focus on inequalities in healthy ageing, specifically investigating the impact of education and wealth across cohorts. Finally, in the last talk we will describe the role of lifestyle behaviours (specifically physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption) and their impact on healthy ageing trajectories.

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