scholarly journals Formulation, Characterization and Evaluation of Encapsulated Bioherbicide on Echinochloa cruss galli and Phalaris minor

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parmeet K Singh ◽  
Ravinder Kohli ◽  
Lal Singh ◽  
Manzoor Ahmad Ganie
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Germination Inhibition ◽  
Phalaris Minor ◽  
Fresh Biomass ◽  
Callistemon Viminalis ◽  
The Individual

Weeds management under organic agriculture demands organic herbicides / bioherbicides.to address this issue an experiment was conducted in Centre of Environment Sciences and Technology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda to study the effects of different concentration and bioassay of encapsulated essential oil extracted (EOs) from Callistemon viminalis on Echinochloa cruss galli and Phalaris minor under lab conditions. Encapsulation efficiency of gum arabic and maltodextrin (GAMD) EOs increased from 26 to 31% for 4 to 8% of EOs concentration. The sizes of all the particles were found in the range of 1-10 μm. The reduced size in case of EOs loaded GAMD-EOs encapsulates may be due to the application of spray drying method used during the preparation. Maximum germination inhibition was observed with P. minor as compared to the E. crus-galli L. The probable reason behind this may be the relatively smooth seed coat, smaller weight to volume ratio of P. minor as compared to the E. crus-galli L. Among all the treatments basal application of encapsulates with 8 % essential oil was found more lethal and result in maximum phyto-toxicity by registering less shoot length and root length and fresh biomass weight. Also, the individual constituents of the EOs can be explored for their use as herbicides and then their encapsulated formulations can be used for scale up in the field conditions.

scholarly journals Herbicidal Potential of Callistemon viminalis Essential Oil against Echinochloa crus-galli L., Amaranthus viridis and Phalaris minor

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-317
Author(s):  
Gajendra Singh Vishwakarma ◽  
Shilpa Sharma ◽  
Sunil Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Phalaris Minor ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes Activities ◽  
Callistemon Viminalis ◽  
Test Plants

Experimental studies were carried out under invitro conditions to examine the effect of Callistemon viminalis essential oil (EO) against the Echinochloa crus-galli L., Amaranthus viridis and Phalaris minor. EO composition was analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, revealing that EO was rich in monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes like eucalyptol, D-limonene, α-terpineol and caryophyllene oxide. EO applied in the concentration range of 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 μl against Amaranthus viridis, Echinochloa crus-galli L. and Phalaris minor drastically affected the germination of all test plants and inhibited root and shoot development. Not only seedling growth, even the chlorophyll content also reduced appreciably. This led to the demonstration that Callistemon viminalis EO was negatively affecting the photosynthetic process. Upregulation of antioxidant enzymes activities indicated that these enzymes were providing protection against Callistemon viminalis EO induced stress. Amaranthus viridis was reported to be more sensitive in comparison to Echinochloa crus-galli L. and Phalaris minor.

scholarly journals Encapsulation of Essential Oil of Ziziphora clinopodioides Using Maltodextrin and Gum Arabic by Spray Drying Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (120) ◽  
pp. 263-281
Author(s):  
Abbas Baygan ◽  
Shila Safaeian ◽  
Reza Shahinfar ◽  
Zhaleh Khoshkhoo ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Drying Method

scholarly journals Behavioral and Antennal Responses of Tribolium confusum to Varronia globosa Essential Oil and Its Main Constituents: Perspective for Their Use as Repellent

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4393
Author(s):  
Cesar Auguste Badji ◽  
Jean Dorland ◽  
Lynda Kheloul ◽  
Dimitri Bréard ◽  
Pascal Richomme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Tribolium Confusum ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Stored Product Pest ◽  
Indigenous Plant ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Electroantennogram Recordings ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Main Component

Essential oils of aromatic plants represent an alternative to classical pest control with synthetic chemicals. They are especially promising for the alternative control of stored product pest insects. Here, we tested behavioral and electrophysiological responses of the stored product pest Tribolium confusum, to the essential oil of a Brazilian indigenous plant, Varronia globosa, collected in the Caatinga ecosystem. We analyzed the essential oil by GC-MS, tested the effects of the entire oil and its major components on the behavior of individual beetles in a four-way olfactometer, and investigated responses to these stimuli in electroantennogram recordings (EAG). We could identify 25 constituents in the essential oil of V. globosa, with anethole, caryophyllene and spathulenole as main components. The oil and its main component anethole had repellent effects already at low doses, whereas caryophyllene had only a repellent effect at a high dose. In addition, the essential oil abolished the attractive effect of the T. confusum aggregation pheromone. EAG recordings revealed dose-dependent responses to the individual components and increasing responses to the blend and even more to the entire oil. Our study reveals the potential of anethole and the essential oil of V. globosa in the management of stored product pests.

scholarly journals Phenotypic plasticity of labile traits in the wild

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon E. Brommer
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Quantitative Genetic Parameters

Abstract Individual-based studies allow quantification of phenotypic plasticity in behavioural, life-history and other labile traits. The study of phenotypic plasticity in the wild can shed new light on the ultimate objectives (1) whether plasticity itself can evolve or is constrained by its genetic architecture, and (2) whether plasticity is associated to other traits, including fitness (selection). I describe the main statistical approach for how repeated records of individuals and a description of the environment (E) allow quantification of variation in plasticity across individuals (IxE) and genotypes (GxE) in wild populations. Based on a literature review of life-history and behavioural studies on plasticity in the wild, I discuss the present state of the two objectives listed above. Few studies have quantified GxE of labile traits in wild populations, and it is likely that power to detect statistically significant GxE is lacking. Apart from the issue of whether it is heritable, plasticity tends to correlate with average trait expression (not fully supported by the few genetic estimates available) and may thus be evolutionary constrained in this way. Individual-specific estimates of plasticity tend to be related to other traits of the individual (including fitness), but these analyses may be anti-conservative because they predominantly concern stats-on-stats. Despite the increased interest in plasticity in wild populations, the putative lack of power to detect GxE in such populations hinders achieving general insights. I discuss possible steps to invigorate the field by moving away from simply testing for presence of GxE to analyses that ‘scale up’ to population level processes and by the development of new behavioural theory to identify quantitative genetic parameters which can be estimated.

scholarly journals Nanophosphors-Based White Light Sources

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maura Cesaria ◽  
Baldassare Di Bartolo
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
White Light ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Co Doping ◽  
New Class ◽  
Luminescence Efficiency ◽  
Metal Doped ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Miniaturization requests and progress in nanofabrication are prompting worldwide interest in nanophosphors as white-emission mercury-free lighting sources. By comparison with their bulk counterparts, nanophosphors exhibit reduced concentration quenching effects and a great potential to enhance luminescence efficiency and tunability. In this paper, the physics of the nanophoshors is overviewed with a focus on the impact of spatial confinement and surface-to-volume ratio on the luminescence issue, as well as rare earth-activated multicolor emission for white light (WL) output. In this respect, the prominently practiced strategies to achieve WL emission are single nanophosphors directly yielding WL by means of co-doping and superposition of the individual red, green, and blue emissions from different nanophosphors. Recently, a new class of efficient broadband WL emitting nanophosphors has been proposed, i.e., nominally un-doped rare earth free oxide (yttrium oxide, Y2O3) nanopowders and Cr transition metal-doped garnet nanocrystals. In regard to this unconventional WL emission, the main points are: it is strictly a nanoscale phenomenon, the presence of an emitting center may favor WL emission without being necessary for observing it, and, its inherent origin is still unknown. A comparison between such an unconventional WL emission and the existing literature is presented to point out its novelty and superior lighting performances.

scholarly journals Ultrasound-assisted emulsions with biopolymers for spray-drying of lemongrass essential oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Ribeiro Carvalho ◽  
Amanda Maria Teixeira Lago ◽  
Maria Cecília Evangelista Vasconcelos Schiassi ◽  
Priscila de Castro e Silva ◽  
Soraia Vilela Borges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Osa Starch ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Lemongrass Essential Oil

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the partial replacement of gum arabic by modified starches on the spray-drying microencapsulation of lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) essential oil. The ultrasound-assisted emulsions were prepared with 30% (w/w) of wall material, 7.5% (w/w) of oil load, and 1:1 (w/w) replacement ratio for all treatments. After 16 hours, the incompatibility observed between gum arabic and octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) starch did not affect the obtained microparticles, since the treatment with OSA starch, partially replacing gum arabic, showed the best results for the process yield and for the oil charge retention after spray-drying process, and the treatment showed Newtonian viscosity close to that of the treatment prepared with gum arabic. Maltodextrin dextrose equivalent 10 (10DE) shows an oil load similar to that of the treatment with gum arabic, while the presence of maize maltodextrin DE20 reduces the content of encapsulated oil and the efficiency of the drying process due to the adherence of particles to the chamber. Therefore, the partial substitution of gum arabic is an alternative for the formation of emulsions, for the spray-drying microencapsulation of lemongrass essential oil.

scholarly journals Potential food additive of Boswellia carterii essential oil encapsulated within gum arabic: a particle size distribution and zeta potential analysis

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
M.S. Barre ◽  
F.B. Ali ◽  
M.E.S. Mirghani ◽  
N.F. Hazri ◽  
H. Anuar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Food Additive ◽  
Acacia Senegal ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Product Gas ◽  
Boswellia Carterii

Boswellia carterii (BC) {Burseraceae family} essential oil (EO) were extracted by hydrodistillation process. Gum Arabic (GA) {Acacia senegal} polymer particles containing a BCEO were prepared by spray drying technique. The mean particle size and its distribution, as well as the zeta-potential of the microcapsules, were analyzed and found Z-Average 382±203nm, PDI 0.77±0.3, ZP-25±2.73mV, respectively. Product encapsulation efficiency (EE %) was found at 75±0.8%. The surface morphology of the particles was obtained by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Furthermore, particles moisture content was analyzed by the oven drying method. The efficiency of encapsulation (EE %) was estimated by specifying the content of essential oil in the product. Gas chromatography (GC) coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) analysis of EO has been performed to determine the chemical compounds and their prevalence concentrations respectively. The composition of initial essential oil (added in the emulsion) and the encapsulated essential oil (extracted from spray dried powder) were analyzed and compared. The outcome of the research encourages the high potentiality and usefulness of the product in the food industries sector as a food additive agent, moreover, it suggests for further research to unravel potential implementation of BCEO microcapsules in the food production chain

scholarly journals Prospective predictors of sustainment of multiple EBPs in a system-driven implementation context: Examining sustained delivery based on administrative claims

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 263348952110578
Author(s):  
Anna S. Lau ◽  
Teresa Lind ◽  
Mojdeh Motamedi ◽  
Joyce H. L. Lui ◽  
Mary Kuckertz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Administrative Claims ◽  
Sustained Delivery ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Program Leaders

Background System-driven scale-up of multiple evidence-based practices (EBPs) is an increasingly common method used in public mental health to improve care. However, there are little data on the long-term sustained delivery of EBPs within these efforts, and previous studies have relied on retrospective self-report within cross-sectional studies. This study identified prospective predictors of sustained EBP delivery at the EBP-, therapist-, and organizational-levels using survey and administrative claims data within a large-scale system-driven implementation effort. Methods 777 therapists and 162 program leaders delivering at least one of six EBPs of interest completed surveys assessing perceptions of EBPs and organizational context. These surveys were linked to administrative data to examine prospective predictors of therapists’ EBP delivery over 33 months. Results Five of the six EBPs implemented showed sustained delivery in the system, with volume varying by EBP. Although total EBP claim volume per therapist decreased over time, the volume ratio (ratio of EBP-specific claims to total EBP and non-EBP claims) stayed relatively stable. Multilevel models revealed that EBPs that required consultation, had unstructured content, higher therapist self-efficacy with the EBP, and more positive program leader perceptions of the EBP were associated with greater sustained volume and volume ratio of the EBP. Therapists who were trained in fewer EBPs, who were unlicensed, and who worked in agencies rated by program leaders as lower on organizational staff autonomy and stress showed greater sustained EBP volume and volume ratio. Finally, more direct service hours per week provided by therapist predicted greater sustained EBP volume, but lower volume ratio. Conclusions The results point to the importance of EBP, therapist, and organizational factors that may be targeted in implementation strategies to promote the sustainment of EBPs.

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