scholarly journals The Role of Stress and Genital Immunity in Sexual Trauma and HIV Susceptibility Among Adolescent Girls and Adult Women (The THRIVE Study): Protocol for a Longitudinal Case-Control Study

10.2196/18190 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e18190
Author(s):  
Jamila K Stockman ◽  
Katherine M Anderson ◽  
Maile Y Karris ◽  
Constance A Benson ◽  
Kiyomi Tsuyuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Sexual Trauma ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Hiv Susceptibility ◽  
The Past ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Control Study

Background The relationship between sexual violence and HIV risk has been extensively documented through social and behavioral research; however, the underlying biological mechanisms are poorly understood. Objective The purpose of the THRIVE (Trauma and HIV Risk: Investigating Stress and the Immune Disruption of the Vaginal Environment) Study is to examine the impact of sexual trauma due to sexual violence on HIV susceptibility through dysregulation of soluble inflammatory and anti-inflammatory and anti-HIV biomarkers in the female genital tract and dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis among adolescent girls and adult women. Methods The THRIVE Study is a longitudinal case-control study conducted in San Diego, CA, among a racially diverse sample. Cases are adolescent girls (aged 14-19 years) or adult women (aged 20-45 years) who have experienced forced vaginal penetration by a phallus perpetrated by a man within the past 15 days. Controls are adolescent girls or adult women who have engaged in consensual vaginal sex with a man within the past 15 days. At baseline and 1- and 3-month follow-up study visits, participants undergo a urine-based pregnancy test; venipuncture blood draw for HIV, C-reactive protein, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and progesterone testing; a 45-min interviewer-administered computer survey; and cervicovaginal lavage to measure proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory and anti-HIV soluble immune biomarkers. After each study visit, participants self-collect saliva specimens (upon waking, 30 min after waking, and 45 min after waking) at home for 3 consecutive days, which are later assayed for cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Participants receive compensation at each study visit and for the return of saliva specimens, and a list of local medical and support services. Study procedures use trauma-informed care methods, given the sensitive nature of the study and enrollment of women in the acute phase after sexual trauma. All research staff and investigators adhere to ethical principles and guidelines in the conduct of research activities. Data will be analyzed for descriptive and inferential analyses. Results The recruitment of participants is ongoing. The publication of the first results is expected by late 2021. Conclusions The THRIVE Study will provide foundational knowledge on how sexual trauma due to sexual violence increases susceptibility to HIV acquisition via alterations in cervicovaginal immune regulation and the psychobiology of the stress responses. These findings will inform future research on mechanistic models of in vitro and in vivo injury and cervicovaginal wound healing processes, which may lead to the development of nonvaccine biomedical HIV prevention products for girls and women. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/18190

scholarly journals The Role of Stress and Genital Immunity in Sexual Trauma and HIV Susceptibility Among Adolescent Girls and Adult Women (The THRIVE Study): Protocol for a Longitudinal Case-Control Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamila K Stockman ◽  
Katherine M Anderson ◽  
Maile Y Karris ◽  
Constance A Benson ◽  
Kiyomi Tsuyuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Sexual Trauma ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Hiv Susceptibility ◽  
The Past ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Control Study

BACKGROUND The relationship between sexual violence and HIV risk has been extensively documented through social and behavioral research; however, the underlying biological mechanisms are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the THRIVE (Trauma and HIV Risk: Investigating Stress and the Immune Disruption of the Vaginal Environment) Study is to examine the impact of sexual trauma due to sexual violence on HIV susceptibility through dysregulation of soluble inflammatory and anti-inflammatory and anti-HIV biomarkers in the female genital tract and dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis among adolescent girls and adult women. METHODS The THRIVE Study is a longitudinal case-control study conducted in San Diego, CA, among a racially diverse sample. Cases are adolescent girls (aged 14-19 years) or adult women (aged 20-45 years) who have experienced forced vaginal penetration by a phallus perpetrated by a man within the past 15 days. Controls are adolescent girls or adult women who have engaged in consensual vaginal sex with a man within the past 15 days. At baseline and 1- and 3-month follow-up study visits, participants undergo a urine-based pregnancy test; venipuncture blood draw for HIV, C-reactive protein, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and progesterone testing; a 45-min interviewer-administered computer survey; and cervicovaginal lavage to measure proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory and anti-HIV soluble immune biomarkers. After each study visit, participants self-collect saliva specimens (upon waking, 30 min after waking, and 45 min after waking) at home for 3 consecutive days, which are later assayed for cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Participants receive compensation at each study visit and for the return of saliva specimens, and a list of local medical and support services. Study procedures use trauma-informed care methods, given the sensitive nature of the study and enrollment of women in the acute phase after sexual trauma. All research staff and investigators adhere to ethical principles and guidelines in the conduct of research activities. Data will be analyzed for descriptive and inferential analyses. RESULTS The recruitment of participants is ongoing. The publication of the first results is expected by late 2021. CONCLUSIONS The THRIVE Study will provide foundational knowledge on how sexual trauma due to sexual violence increases susceptibility to HIV acquisition via alterations in cervicovaginal immune regulation and the psychobiology of the stress responses. These findings will inform future research on mechanistic models of in vitro and in vivo injury and cervicovaginal wound healing processes, which may lead to the development of nonvaccine biomedical HIV prevention products for girls and women. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT DERR1-10.2196/18190

Pregnancy outcomes in adolescents: a case-control study in the West of Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salman Khazaei ◽  
Saeid Bashirian ◽  
Akram Bathaei ◽  
Mohadese Sadri ◽  
Fateme Shirani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Adolescent Pregnancy ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
The West ◽  
Adolescent Women ◽  
Control Study

Background: Adolescent pregnancy, pregnancy in women aged between 13-19 years, is considered a major health problem. Objective: This study was performed to determine the maternal, perinatal, and neonatal outcomes of adolescent pregnancies. Materials and Methods: The present hospital-based case-control study was performed on pregnant women who were referred to Fatemieh Hospital in Hamadan City for delivery. The case group was pregnant women whose gestational age was less than 19 years (adolescent pregnancy) and the control group included pregnant women whose gestational age was at 19-35 years (adult women pregnancy). Data were analyzed using Stata software version 14. The significant level was considered less than 0.05. Results: The unwanted pregnancy was significantly higher in adolescent women (45% vs. 28.5%, P=0.002). 18% of adolescent women had the experience of spouse violence compared to 4.25% in the control group (P<0.001). Accessing prenatal care and supplements were significantly higher in adult women (P<0.05). The adult mothers had significantly higher cesarean section delivery compared adolescent group (54.91% vs. 33%, P<0.001). Also, there was a significant association between postpartum hemorrhages and the study group (22% in cases compared to 13.75% in the control group, P=0.04). The Apgar score 1 minute was significantly higher in adult mothers (8.05±2.08 vs. 7.39±2.05, P<0.001). Conclusion: In conclusion, adolescent mothers in the west of Iran had a higher risk of inadequate prenatal care, low Apgar score and postpartum hemorrhage. Therefore, society should focus on public health policies that can improve the adequacy of prenatal care among adolescents.

scholarly journals Risk factors for pregnancy among adolescent girls in Ecuador's Amazon basin: a case-control study

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Goicolea ◽  
Wulff Marianne ◽  
Ann Öhman ◽  
Miguel San Sebastian
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals First recognized community outbreak of haemorrhagic colitis due to verotoxin-producingEscherichia coliO 157.H7 in the UK

1988 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Morgan ◽  
C. Newman ◽  
S. R. Palmer ◽  
J. B. Allen ◽  
W. Shepherd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
East Anglia ◽  
Haemorrhagic Colitis ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
O 157 ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Control Study

SUMMARYThe first recognized outbreak of haemorrhagic colitis due toEscherichia coliO 157. H7 in the United Kingdom affected at least 24 persons living in East Anglia over a 2-week period. Theillnesses were characterized by severe abdominal pain and bloody diarrhoea of short duration. Eleven patients were admitted to hospital and there was one death. Patients were mainly adult women who had not eaten out of the home in the 2 weeks before onset. Unlike previously reported outbreaks hamburgers were not the vehicle of infection, and a case-control study suggested that handling vegetables, and particularly potatoes, was the important risk factor.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of long-lasting insecticidal nets in prevention of malaria among individuals visiting health centres in Ziway-Dugda District, Ethiopia: matched case–control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mesfin Kelkile Wubishet ◽  
Gebretsadik Berhe ◽  
Alefech Adissu ◽  
Mesfin Segni Tafa
Keyword(s):  
Health Problem ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
The Past ◽  
Arsi Zone ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Malaria is a major health problem in Ethiopia. Sleeping under long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) is its major control strategy. Despite high LLINs use (84%) in Ziway-Dugda District, malaria remained a public health problem, raising concern on its effectiveness. Understanding the effectiveness of malaria control interventions is vital. This study evaluated the effectiveness of LLINs and determinants of malaria in Ziway-Dugda District, Arsi Zone Ethiopia. Methods A matched case–control study was conducted among 284 study participants (71 cases and 213 controls) in Ziway-Dugda District, Arsi Zone, Ethiopia from March to May, 2017. Three health centers were selected randomly, and enrolled individuals newly diagnosed for malaria proportionally. Cases and controls were individuals testing positive and negative for malaria using rapid diagnostic tests. Each case was matched to three controls using the age of (5 years), gender and village of residence. The information was collected using pre-tested structured questionnaires through face to face interviews and observation. Data were entered into Epi-Info version 3.5, and analysed using Stata version-12. Conditional logistic regression was performed, and odds of LLINs use were compared using matched Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR), 95% confidence interval (CI) and p-value of < 0.05. Results One hundred twenty-three (61.2%) of the controls and 22 (32.8%) of cases had regularly slept under LLINs in the past two weeks. Using multivariate analysis, sleeping under LLINs for the past two weeks (AOR = 0.23, 95%CI = 0.11–0.45); living in houses sprayed with indoor residual spray (IRS) (AOR = 0.23, 95%CI: 0.10–0.52); and staying late outdoors at night in the past two-weeks (AOR = 2.99, 95%CI = 1.44–6.19) were determinant factors. Conclusions Sleeping under LLINs is effective for malaria prevention in the district. IRS and staying late outdoors at night were determinants of malaria. It is recommended to increase attention on strengthening LLINs use and IRS in the area.

scholarly journals Determinants of Tuberculosis Among HIV Infected Adults in Horro Guduru Wollega Zone, West Ethiopia: A Facility-Based Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelalem Belay Adugna ◽  
Belachew Etana Tolessa ◽  
Mekdes Tigistu Yilma
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Case Control ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Past ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: Tuberculosis is a contagious air born disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis species and the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV/AIDS worldwide. Globally, it causes ill-health among millions of people living with HIV/AIDS each year. Objective: To identify determinants of Tuberculosis among HIV infected adults in public health facilities, in Horro Guduru Wollega Zone, 2019. Methods: Unmatched case-control study was conducted among 127 cases and 255 controls which were selected using systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected by record review and through face to face interview. Then, analysis was done using SPSS version 25.To identify determinants of tuberculosis multivariable logistic regression was employed. Adjusted odds ratio was calculated with 95 % CI to show strength of association and P-value < 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance.Results: - A total of 127 cases and 255 controls were participated into the study with 97.2% response rate. Aged ≥35 years [ AOR= 2.63, 95% CI(1.29,5.36)], alcohol consumption [AOR=3.34,95%CI(1.68,6.99)], Having CD4 cells <200 [AOR=3.67, 95% CI (1.5, 9.1)], Having Haemoglobin <11g/dl [AOR=3.77, 95%CI(1.84,7.72)], Imprisoned in the past 2 years [AOR=4.22, 95%CI(1.56, 11.37)], Living with TB patients in the same house [AOR=14.97, 95% CI(1.99, 21.63)] were factors associated with TB among HIV infected adults. Importantly, using Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis [AOR=0.193, 95% CI(0.81,0.46)] had a protective effect from acquiring TB. Conclusion and Recommendation: Being in old age, alcohol use, Chewing khat, Having CD4cells <200, Advanced WHO clinical stage, Hgb <11g/dl, Imprisoned in the past 2 years, History of previous TB and living with TB patients in the same house were factors associated with TB/HIV co-infection. Using Cotrimoxazole had a protective effect from acquiring TB/HIV co-infection. For most of these determinants interventions can be made at individual and institutional levels, whereas, some factors need societal level integrations.

scholarly journals Western dietary pattern is related to premenstrual syndrome: a case–control study

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (12) ◽  
pp. 2016-2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negin Farasati ◽  
Fereydoun Siassi ◽  
Fariba Koohdani ◽  
Mostafa Qorbani ◽  
Karolin Abashzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
The Past ◽  
Western Dietary Pattern ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

AbstractAlthough premenstrual syndrome (PMS) affects a large number of women of reproductive age, the aetiology of this disorder has not yet been fully elucidated. The relationship between food intake and PMS morbidity has been investigated in several studies, but dietary patterns of PMS patients have not been taken into consideration up to now. We examined dietary patterns of 320 nurses with (n 160) and without (n 160) PMS in a case–control study. Food intakes over the past year were determined using semi-quantitative FFQ. Factor analysis was used to identify the main dietary patterns, and logistic regression was used to model the relationship between dietary patterns and PMS morbidity. Three dietary patterns were identified in the analysis: healthy, Western and traditional. After adjustment for age, BMI, menstrual cycles, physical activity and energy intake, participants in the second (OR 2·53; 95 % CI 1·18, 5·43) and third (OR 4·39; 95 % CI 1·97, 9·81) quintiles of the Western dietary pattern were more likely to experience PMS compared with those in the first quintile. The study findings therefore reveal that Western dietary pattern might be associated with PMS morbidity. However, this result should be interpreted with caution as there was no evidence of a dose–response relationship. Future studies are needed to confirm our findings in other populations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document