Changing Behavioral Lifestyle Risk Factors Related to Cognitive Decline in Later Life Using a Self-Motivated eHealth Intervention in Dutch Adults

Sarcopenia is the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function with advancing age. It involves both complex genetic and modifiable risk factors, such as lack of exercise, malnutrition and reduced neurological drive. Cognitive decline refers to diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual functioning. Contracting skeletal muscle is a major source of neurotrophic factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which regulate synapses in the brain. Furthermore, skeletal muscle activity has important immune and redox effects that modify brain function and reduce muscle catabolism. The identification of common risk factors and underlying mechanisms for sarcopenia and cognition may allow the development of targeted interventions that slow or reverse sarcopenia and also certain forms of cognitive decline. However, the links between cognition and skeletal muscle have not been elucidated fully. This review provides a critical appraisal of the literature on the relationship between skeletal muscle health and cognition. The literature suggests that sarcopenia and cognitive decline share pathophysiological pathways. Ageing plays a role in both skeletal muscle deterioration and cognitive decline. Furthermore, lifestyle risk factors, such as physical inactivity, poor diet and smoking, are common to both disorders, so their potential role in the muscle–brain relationship warrants investigation.

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Lifestyle Risk Factors and Cognitive Outcomes from the Multidomain Dementia Risk Reduction Randomized Controlled Trial, Body Brain Life for Cognitive Decline ( BBL‐CD )

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society ◽

10.1111/jgs.16762 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 68 (11) ◽

pp. 2629-2637

Author(s):

Mitchell McMaster ◽

Sarang Kim ◽

Linda Clare ◽

Susan J. Torres ◽

Nicolas Cherbuin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Risk Reduction ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Cognitive Outcomes ◽

Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Dementia Risk ◽

Lifestyle Risk

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Lifestyle risk factors in an urban South African community

Curationis ◽

10.4102/curationis.v31i1.916 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

SCD Wright

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Urban Community ◽

Research Question ◽

Later Life ◽

Noncommunicable Diseases ◽

High Blood Glucose ◽

Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽

Waist Hip Ratio ◽

Lifestyle Risk

The research question addressed in the study was to determine the prevalence of the following lifestyle risk factors: obesity, waist-hip ratio, physical inactivity, high blood glucose, and hypertension in an urban community. The research objective for the study was to determine the prevalence of specific risk factors in an urban community. Based on the results, a health intervention could be planned and implemented to reduce the prevalence of the risk factors and the possibility of chronic noncommunicable diseases in later life. The design was a quantitative survey using physical measurement and a structured questionnaire. The target population of the study was black urban adults (n=218). The sampling method was convenient and purposive. The results of the study indicated that the prevalence of hypertension and obesity were higher than the national prevalence for South Africa. The waist-hip ratio revealed that 20% of the men and 49.7% of the women were at risk for cardiovascular disease. High blood glucose levels were demonstrated for 21.6% of the group. Physical activity was also shown to be inadequate. In conclusion, the potential for cardiovascular and metabolic health problems in future is high. It is recommended that an intervention, based on the results of the study, should and must be developed and implemented. The more challenging question is to know what to do and how to do it. A framework is suggested to guide the development of an intervention.

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Sociodemographic and lifestyle risk factors for incident dementia and cognitive decline in the HYVET

Age and Ageing ◽

10.1093/ageing/afp094 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 521-527 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

R. Peters ◽

N. Beckett ◽

M. Geneva ◽

M. Tzekova ◽

F. H. Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽

Incident Dementia ◽

Lifestyle Risk

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Novel Machine-Learned Approach for COVID-19 Resource Allocation: A Tool for Evaluating Community Susceptibility (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.25132 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Neil Kale

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Insurance Coverage ◽

Premature Mortality ◽

Health Insurance Coverage ◽

Heart Attacks ◽

Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽

The People ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Lifestyle Risk

BACKGROUND Despite worldwide efforts to develop an effective COVID vaccine, it is quite evident that initial supplies will be limited. Therefore, it is important to develop methods that will ensure that the COVID vaccine is allocated to the people who are at major risk until there is a sufficient global supply. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to develop a machine-learning tool that could be applied to assess the risk in Massachusetts towns based on community-wide social, medical, and lifestyle risk factors. METHODS I compiled Massachusetts town data for 29 potential risk factors, such as the prevalence of preexisting comorbid conditions like COPD and social factors such as racial composition, and implemented logistic regression to predict the amount of COVID cases in each town. RESULTS Of the 29 factors, 14 were found to be significant (p < 0.1) indicators: poverty, food insecurity, lack of high school education, lack of health insurance coverage, premature mortality, population, population density, recent population growth, Asian percentage, high-occupancy housing, and preexisting prevalence of cancer, COPD, overweightness, and heart attacks. The machine-learning approach is 80% accurate in the state of Massachusetts and finds the 9 highest risk communities: Lynn, Brockton, Revere, Randolph, Lowell, New Bedford, Everett, Waltham, and Fitchburg. The 5 most at-risk counties are Suffolk, Middlesex, Bristol, Norfolk, and Plymouth. CONCLUSIONS With appropriate data, the tool could evaluate risk in other communities, or even enumerate individual patient susceptibility. A ranking of communities by risk may help policymakers ensure equitable allocation of limited doses of the COVID vaccine.

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The Prevalence of Insulin Resistance and the Associated Risk Factors in a Sample of 14–18-Year-Old Slovak Adolescents

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18030909 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 909

Author(s):

Jana Jurkovičová ◽

Katarína Hirošová ◽

Diana Vondrová ◽

Martin Samohýl ◽

Zuzana Štefániková ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

Skewed Distribution ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽

Lifestyle Risk

The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors has increased in Slovakian adolescents as a result of serious lifestyle changes. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) and the associations with cardiometabolic and selected lifestyle risk factors in a sample of Slovak adolescents. In total, 2629 adolescents (45.8% males) aged between 14 and 18 years were examined in the study. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure (BP), and resting heart rate were measured; fasting venous blood samples were analyzed; and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-insulin resistance (IR) was calculated. For statistical data processing, the methods of descriptive and analytical statistics for normal and skewed distribution of variables were used. The mean HOMA-IR was 2.45 ± 1.91, without a significant sex differences. IR (cut-off point for HOMA-IR = 3.16) was detected in 18.6% of adolescents (19.8% males, 17.6% females). IR was strongly associated with overweight/obesity (especially central) and with almost all monitored cardiometabolic factors, except for total cholesterol (TC) and systolic BP in females. The multivariate model selected variables such as low level of physical fitness, insufficient physical activity, breakfast skipping, a small number of daily meals, frequent consumption of sweetened beverages, and low educational level of fathers as significant risk factors of IR in adolescents. Recognizing the main lifestyle risk factors and early IR identification is important in terms of the performance of preventive strategies. Weight reduction, regular physical activity, and healthy eating habits can improve insulin sensitivity and decrease the incidence of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD).

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Smoking, drinking, diet and physical activity—modifiable lifestyle risk factors and their associations with age to first chronic disease

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyz078 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 113-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ryan Ng ◽

Rinku Sutradhar ◽

Zhan Yao ◽

Walter P Wodchis ◽

Laura C Rosella

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Chronic Disease ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Lifestyle Factors ◽

Competing Risk ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Common Disease ◽

Heavy Smoking ◽

Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽

Lifestyle Risk

AbstractBackgroundThis study examined the incidence of a person’s first diagnosis of a selected chronic disease, and the relationships between modifiable lifestyle risk factors and age to first of six chronic diseases.MethodsOntario respondents from 2001 to 2010 of the Canadian Community Health Survey were followed up with administrative data until 2014 for congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive respiratory disease, diabetes, lung cancer, myocardial infarction and stroke. By sex, the cumulative incidence function of age to first chronic disease was calculated for the six chronic diseases individually and compositely. The associations between modifiable lifestyle risk factors (alcohol, body mass index, smoking, diet, physical inactivity) and age to first chronic disease were estimated using cause-specific Cox proportional hazards models and Fine-Gray competing risk models.ResultsDiabetes was the most common disease. By age 70.5 years (2015 world life expectancy), 50.9% of females and 58.1% of males had at least one disease and few had a death free of the selected diseases (3.4% females; 5.4% males). Of the lifestyle factors, heavy smoking had the strongest association with the risk of experiencing at least one chronic disease (cause-specific hazard ratio = 3.86; 95% confidence interval = 3.46, 4.31). The lifestyle factors were modelled for each disease separately, and the associations varied by chronic disease and sex.ConclusionsWe found that most individuals will have at least one of the six chronic diseases before dying. This study provides a novel approach using competing risk methods to examine the incidence of chronic diseases relative to the life course and how their incidences are associated with lifestyle behaviours.

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Lifestyle Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Disease in Cubans and Cuban Americans

Cardiology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2012/470705 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Melissa S. Burroughs Peña ◽

Dhaval Patel ◽

Delfin Rodríguez Leyva ◽

Bobby V. Khan ◽

Laurence Sperling

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cardiovascular Prevention ◽

Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽

Lifestyle Risk ◽

Cuban Americans

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in Cuba. Lifestyle risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) in Cubans have not been compared to risk factors in Cuban Americans. Articles spanning the last 20 years were reviewed. The data on Cuban Americans are largely based on the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES), 1982–1984, while more recent data on epidemiological trends in Cuba are available. The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus remains greater in Cuban Americans than in Cubans. However, dietary preferences, low physical activity, and tobacco use are contributing to the rising rates of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and CHD in Cuba, putting Cubans at increased cardiovascular risk. Comprehensive national strategies for cardiovascular prevention that address these modifiable lifestyle risk factors are necessary to address the increasing threat to public health in Cuba.

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Lifestyle risk factors for lower limb venous reflux in the general population: Edinburgh Vein Study

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/30.4.846 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 846-852 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

FGR Fowkes ◽

AJ Lee ◽

CJ Evans ◽

PL Allan ◽

AW Bradbury ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

General Population ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Venous Reflux ◽

Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽

Lifestyle Risk

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Influence of lifestyle risk factors on work ability and sick leave in a general working population in Norway: a 5-year longitudinal study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045678 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. e045678

Author(s):

Marit Müller De Bortoli ◽

Inger M. Oellingrath ◽

Anne Kristin Moeller Fell ◽

Alex Burdorf ◽

Suzan J. W. Robroek

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Sick Leave ◽

Work Ability ◽

Working Population ◽

Short Term ◽

Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽

Lifestyle Risk

ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to assess (1) whether lifestyle risk factors are related to work ability and sick leave in a general working population over time, and (2) these associations within specific disease groups (ie, respiratory diseases, cardiovascular disease and diabetes, and mental illness).SettingTelemark county, in the south-eastern part of Norway.DesignLongitudinal study with 5 years follow-up.ParticipantsThe Telemark study is a longitudinal study of the general working population in Telemark county, Norway, aged 16 to 50 years at baseline in 2013 (n=7952) and after 5-year follow-up.Outcome measureSelf-reported information on work ability (moderate and poor) and sick leave (short-term and long-term) was assessed at baseline, and during a 5-year follow-up.ResultsObesity (OR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.32 to 2.05) and smoking (OR=1.62, 95% CI: 1.35 to 1.96) were associated with long-term sick leave and, less strongly, with short-term sick leave. An unhealthy diet (OR=1.57, 95% CI: 1.01 to 2.43), and smoking (OR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.24 to 2.25) were associated with poor work ability and, to a smaller extent, with moderate work ability. A higher lifestyle risk score was associated with both sick leave and reduced work ability. Only few associations were found between unhealthy lifestyle factors and sick leave or reduced work ability within disease groups.ConclusionLifestyle risk factors were associated with sick leave and reduced work ability. To evaluate these associations further, studies assessing the effect of lifestyle interventions on sick leave and work ability are needed.

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